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Li and colleagues describe a monocyte-specific transcriptional state along with a persistent elevation of inflammatory markers specifically found in individuals with long COVID who had mild-to-moderate disease during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Employing intrusions with varying SiO₂ to represent the different layers of the continental crust (CC), a bulk CC δ^98/95Mo of −0.116 ± 0.011‰ is established, pointing to long-term mass balance between crustal growth and destruction.

Deep-sea sediments are a key sink for molybdenum (Mo). Here it is found that the their isotopic composition is heavier than typical endmembers; refining the global Mo budget, and improving reconstructions of past ocean oxygen levels.

Up to 80% of the global seafloor may have been oxygenated some 1.4 billion years ago, according to molybdenum isotope of manganese- and iron-rich sedimentary rocks that reveal an expanded and prolonged global oxygenation event.

Japonica subspecies has a lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of indica rice. Here, the authors show that natural variations in the NIN-like protein 4 (OsNLP4) encoding gene are responsible for the divergence and introgression of the indica OsNLP4 allele into elite japonica cultivar can increase NUE and grain yield.

Escalating phosphorus pollution and depleting reserves necessitate sustainable control and recovery strategies. Here the authors develop a microbially enhanced La–Zr-loaded basalt system that achieves over 90% phosphorus removal and recovery, promoting a circular economy and reducing ecological impacts, offering an economically superior alternative to traditional chemical methods.

Here they show that gasdermin-E (GSDME) acts as a key driver of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) by triggering senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells, a process reversible with senolytic drugs, highlighting a promising therapeutic target of AAA.

Vapour-phase methods are promising for nanomaterial synthesis but the vaporization of different precursors for the synthesis of a broad nanomaterial space is challenging. Here electrified vapour deposition generates ultrahigh-temperature, high-flux atomic vapour at atmospheric pressure to rapidly vaporize diverse precursors, enabling the synthesis of multi-elemental nanomaterials with uniform compositions and tunable structures.

Catalytic syngas conversion is an essential part of sustainable chemical production but is hindered by the trade-off between conversion activity and product selectivity. Here the authors address this challenge by developing a catalytic shunt strategy.

Here, Kropp et al. use cryo-electron microscopy and structural modeling to show that the enzyme [MoCu]-CO dehydrogenase interacts with its partner, the membrane-bound quinone-binding protein CoxG, to facilitate electron transfer from atmospheric CO oxidation to the respiratory chain. This interaction is conserved across diverse bacteria and archaea.

Quantum oscillations are reported in Coulomb-coupled electron–hole double layers that originate from recurring transitions between competing excitonic insulator and layer-decoupled quantum Hall states.

Here, the authors report an exome-wide association study for multi-organ imaging traits by leveraging recent bioinformatic tools such as AlphaMissense. The identified signals elucidate the genetic effects from rare variants on human organs and their connections to complex diseases

Nuclear Factor IA is important for development and metabolism. Here, the authors present high-resolution molecular structures of Nuclear Factor IA, and detail how it recognizes the TGGCA DNA motif.

The visible evidence bridging atomic defects with catalytic properties has been scarcely explored. Using differential phase contrast technology, this work discloses the existence of a polarized electric field surrounding the antisite defects of a monolayer MoS2 material and its correlation to its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution property.

Neurovascular interaction is critical for normal brain vascular development. Here, the authors show that neuronal NMDARs regulate brain vascular development via VEGF-induced global Ca2+ activities of endothelial tip cells.

Rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries offer a promising avenue for largescale energy storage, yet challenges remain in developing efficient cathode materials. Here, boridene is demonstrated as a cathode in aluminum-ion batteries and shows high reversible capacity of 212 mAh g s⁻¹ and maintains <95% Coulombic efficiency.

Mechanical annealing is a process through which the dislocation density in submicrometre metal crystals can be removed purely by applying a mechanical stress. This study shows that mechanical annealing occurs in body centred cubic molybdenum, and not only in face centred crystals as previously thought.

How the subducted oceanic lithosphere provides fluids and melts to flux the subarc mantle source of arc magmas is controversial. Here the authors use Mo and other isotopes to show serpentinites formed in both the forearc mantle and the subducted lithosphere contribute to generating arc magmas.

The precision synthesis of uniform oligoethylenes with chain lengths of up to 576 carbon atoms is achieved via an iterative growth approach based on the Julia–Kocienski reaction. The oligoethylenes are used as building blocks to prepare high-density polyethylene-like materials with regularly spaced ester linkages.

Tuning the interfacial structure of silver nanoclusters via steric hindrance modulates their photoluminescence. Locking the ligand shell endows the clusters with room-temperature photoluminescence, thereby enabling atomic-level design of optical devices.

Ru_0.6Cu₁(Cu⁰–Cu¹⁺)/CeO₂ catalyst converts CO₂-to-fuels via artificial photosynthesis, overcoming O₂ poisoning and sluggish C₂ yield through photothermal interface reconstruction. It achieves 74.3% selectivity for C₂H₄ with 0.5% solar efficiency.

In situ liquid-cell electrochemical transmission electron microscopy allows the direct visualization of the transformation of lithium polysulfides over electrode surfaces at the atomic scale, leading to a new energy-storage mechanism in lithium–sulfur batteries.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are involved in renal pathophysiology. Here the authors use genetic models to show that podocyte FGF4 is protective of diabetic kidney disease progression, and that treatment with recombinant FGF4 reduced renal injury and fibrosis in diabetic mouse models.

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is challenged by the trade-off between enhancing C-C coupling and suppressing further hydrogenation of olefins. Here the authors break this challenge by developing a universal strategy to synthesis extra-heavy olefins from carbon monoxide and water via the sustained release of hydrogen and selective extraction of olefins.

A biodegradable electronic bandage that applies pulsed and d.c. electrostimulation can accelerate the healing of intestinal wounds in mice via transfection of cells and stimulation-induced secretion of healing factor from those cells.

The upscaling of kesterite photovoltaics is challenging and results in low performance. Xiang et al. tune the thiourea/metal precursor ratio to improve the morphology of the kesterite film, achieving 10.1% certified power conversion efficiency in 10.48-cm² modules.

It remains a great challenge to achieve large-scale fabrication of single atom-anchored heterostructured catalysts with high stability, low cost, and convenience. Here, the authors report single iron atom-dispersed Mo-based nanosheets synthesized from a scalable two-dimensional mineral hydrogel approach for hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline condition.

Bulk superconductivity has been observed up to 96 K in pressurized bilayer nickelate single crystals which were synthesized under ambient pressure.

Phytoremediation of PFAS contaminated soils is limited by the lack of hyperaccumulators. Here, the authors identify an acclimated PFAS hyperaccumulator, Oenothera rosea, and propose a sustainable remediation strategy by elucidating hyperaccumulation mechanism and presenting a life cycle assessment.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

Size control in quantum materials by direct growth is still difficult to achieve. Here, the authors present the width-dependent growth of single-layer nanoribbons of transition metal dichalcogenides from nanoalloy seeds, achieving strain-induced quantum emission with a purity of up to 90 % for single photons.

The microRNAs miR-1 and miR-206 have identical seed sequences and have been reported to regulate angiogenesis in zebrafish by repressing VegfAa expression. Here, Lin et al.describe opposing roles of the two microRNAs in regulating VegfAa expression and therefore angiogenesis in zebrafish.

Previous clinical studies suggested that Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein 7 (IGFBP7) is elevated in early stages of diabetes. Here authors showed tubule and glomerular-specific IGFBP7 promotes diabetic kidney disease.

Future development aims to meet hot data storage demands for data modification. Here, authors present a DNA origami nanostructure-enabled linked data storage system that uses distinct DNA origami as data-storing nodes, enabling parallel storage, and supporting data insertion/removal.

The plasma membrane’s electrical potential is maintained by ion channels, though the impact of this potential on cell fate has not been clearly elucidated. Here they show that changes in membrane potential can affect calcium levels and mTOR in pluripotent stem cells, altering their transition from pluripotency to differentiation.

Ferroptotic propagation aggravates kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and causes delayed graft function. Here, the authors show that inhibiting lactate shuttle and AARS1-mediated NPM1 lactylation protects graft function by blocking ferroptotic waves.

While material defect sites are active for chemical reactions, it is important to understand how different defect types impact reactivity. Here, authors prepare Frenkel-defected MoS₂ monolayers and demonstrate improved performances for H₂ evolution electrocatalysis than pristine or doped MoS₂.

The understanding and regulation of the surface electronic structure of molybdenum disulfide-based catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) remains a challenges. Here, the authors design and synthesize electrocatalysts with multi-heterojunction interfaces showing enhanced HER activities and stabilities.

Kondo physics has been observed in moiré bilayers, but the expected magnetic transitions have not been reported. Now, a metal–insulator transition with ferromagnetic order that develops at nearly the same time is reported in a moiré bilayer.

Breaking the symmetry of high-entropy alloy surfaces for delicate strain tuning is highly appealing for electrocatalysis. Herein, high-entropy alloy nanorings with stress-release-driven compressive strain at stepped defects are reported for efficient oxygen reduction reaction.

Many thrombolytic agents depend on plasminogen, leading to D-dimer accumulation. Here, Tang et al. report a plasminogen-independent thrombolytic enzyme that degrades blood clots and D-dimer without plasminogen.

The high abundance of immunosuppressive, tumor-associated macrophages limits the efficacy of treatments against hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors develop a nanoplatform for the co-delivery of FSP1 inhibitor and sorafenib that simultaneously targets tumor cells and M2-like macrophages, inducing ferroptosis and boosting anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical mouse models.

Integrative catalytic pairs are poised to redefine the boundaries of heterogeneous catalysis through programmable synergy and spatial precision. This Review outlines current advances and identifies key challenges towards realizing next-generation catalysts with molecular-level control.

Applying first-principles molecular dynamic simulations and thermodynamic modelling, the authors suggest a vertical oxygen fugacity gradient in magma oceans of Earth, Mars, and the Moon. Consequently, the study proposes larger planets like Earth to have stronger oxidized upper mantles than smaller bodies such as Mars or the Moon.