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Rare cancers can be challenging to diagnose from imaging due to limited data and previous expert experience. Here, the authors develop the PathPT framework to improve subtyping and tumour localisation.

The manuscript describes two pathogenic mutations in GTPBP3 that cause defects in mitochondrial tRNA taurine modification, mitochondrial translation, structure and function. Mutant mice reproduce certain clinical features seen in patients and this can be reversed by virus-mediated exogenous expression of Gtpbp3.

A ZnO/CuO catalyst featuring dual-site cooperative framework for polymerization-based wastewater treatment. Zn sites preferentially adsorb/activate organics, whereas Cu sites predominantly activate the oxidant, showcasing atomic-scale design to reactor-scale implementation.

The lack of hormone-responsive follicles is a major challenge in treating infertility related to premature ovarian insufficiency and diminished ovarian reserve. Here, the authors show that intraovarian securinine injection promotes small follicle development in aged mice and cynomolgus macaques by modulating stromal–granulosa signaling.

The authors report a kinetic resolution of racemic amino acids with L-pyroglutaminol as an esterification reagent, via a phosphine oxide organocatalytic system, which provides a wide range of chiral esters and recovered amino acids with excellent stereoselectivities.

Oral leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion that can transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, the authors discover that OSCC migrasome-derived PTGES promotes oral leukoplakia carcinogenesis through macrophages reprogramming.

Molecular devices offer the potential for the scalability and energy efficiency required to develop energy-sustainable AI. Zhang et al. report a single-molecule neuromorphic device that consumes 6.34 aJ per operation and support both short-term to long-term memory, featuring over 10 distinct conductance states.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Chronic diabetic wounds heal poorly due to impaired tissue repair and persistent inflammation. Here, authors demonstrate that a Smad7-based topical biologic accelerates diabetic wound healing by improving epithelial regeneration and reducing inflammatory neutrophil activity.

The crystal structure of the CHS-CHIL complex reveals a gating mechanism that enhances CHS activity and specificity. This conserved regulatory paradigm, validated by engineering a CHIL variant, offers strategies to improve flavonoid production in plants.

How the brain learns to suppress self-generated sensory input remains unclear. Here, the authors show that global modulation guiding local plasticity provides a circuit mechanism for error computation in motor-sensory mismatch responses underlying corollary discharge/efference copy.

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes severe yield and quality loss in cereal crops worldwide. Here, the authors report a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel/Ca^2 + -permeable channel encoding protein negatively regulate PHS and its involvement in modulating of calcium and hormonal signaling pathways in wheat.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Wearable energy-harvesting devices suffer from low electrical output and poor wear comfort. Here, authors develop a self-powered fabric with good wear comfort that pumps sweat directionally, achieving 6.3 °C skin cooling and a 0.40 mA·cm⁻² DC current output for practical wearable power supply.

The template-free synthesis of colloidal assemblies with molecule-like architectures from colloidal quantum dots holds promise for optical applications but remains challenging. Here we report a one-pot synthesis of geometries resembling sp-, sp²-, and sp³-hybridized orbitals.

Alternative splicing greatly expands the transcriptomic and proteomic diversity in vertebrates. Here, the authors develop a machine-learning tool to identify functional splicing events during hematopoietic cell differentiation, revealing new regulators of hematopoiesis.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate—a mevalonate pathway metabolic intermediate—is an endogenous alarmin that enhances IgG antibody responses through keratinocyte-derived IL-6 and CCL20.

An evaluation across 193 countries for the 2026 Global Action Plan update showed that countries with strong multisectoral governance and early surveillance adoption achieved long-term improvements in reducing antimicrobial resistance.

Sweat sensors are important in personalized healthcare using natural oxidase to target biomolecules but these reactions are susceptible to external interference. Here, the authors report tryptophan- and histidine-treated copper metal-organic frameworks which show highly selective activity for ascorbate oxidation and can serve as an efficient ascorbate oxidase-mimicking material in sensitive sweat sensors.

The development of Tat clusters has advanced the intracellular delivery of functional antibodies at low concentrations, but the variety of proteins that can be successfully delivered remains limited. Here, the authors report that by reversibly modifying the surface of functional proteins with anionic peptides, various protein cargoes (otherwise difficult to deliver) can be delivered into living cells by synergetic electrostatic interactions with the cationic cell-penetrating peptide clusters TAT₃.

Functional organization of the cerebral cortex and functional roles of a timescale hierarchy are not fully understood. Using math modeling and data analysis, here authors reveal a timescale hierarchy in marmoset neocortex. A near-critical state balances hierarchical local integration with global signaling and links cortical structure to activity across areas.

The conversion of biomass into high-value hydrocarbons offers a clean alternative to fossil fuel-derived chemicals. Now electrocatalytic reductive amination of furfural to ethyl-2-furylmethylamine using waste acetonitrile over an Fe–CuO_x catalyst is reported. Cu²⁺ is used to reverse the reactivity of aldehydes and nitriles, and Fe³⁺ maintains Cu²⁺ dynamic stability.

Limited heat dissipation at perovskite interfaces causes local overheating and accelerates degradation in perovskite photovoltaics. Now a solution-processable alkynyl-porphyrin conjugated polymer is inserted between the perovskite and hole-transport layers to enhance interfacial heat dissipation while maintaining efficient charge transport. This thermal and electronic management boosts device efficiency and operational stability.

Xu et al. report that inhibition of the F-box protein FBXL2 enhances HER2 expression, rendering HER2-negative breast cancer sensitive to the anti-HER2–drug conjugate trastuzumab deruxtecan.

The authors mapped the continental-scale fraction of age-dependent leaf area index and revealed a widespread increase in the fraction of photosynthetically efficient young leaves across the majority of Amazon rainforests over the past decades.

The authors demonstrated a chiral R-PbI₂ interface in metal halides heterostructure that yields 68% spin-injection efficiency and 29% polarization in photocurrent. This precision engineering provides a vital pathway for efficient opto-spintronics.

This study identifies GCN5, a histone acetyltransferase, as a driver of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease progression via LXRα/SREBP1c-mediated lipogenesis, and demonstrates that pharmacological inhibition of GCN5 alleviates disease in a study with male mice.

The mechanisms underlying impaired myelination during aging remain incompletely understood. Here, Gao et al. report that ACSS2-mediated acetate utilization is essential for maintaining the oligodendrocyte progenitor cell pool and facilitating myelination throughout life.

Bacterial phosphate transporter PstSCAB is essential for survival and virulence. Here, authors reveal cryo-EM structures of PstSCAB in multiple states, uncovering how conformational changes drive phosphate import and providing insights for antibiotic development.

Early and accurate clinical assessment of disease severity in COVID-19 patients is essential for planning the allocation of scarce hospital resources. An explainable machine learning tool trained on blood sample data from 485 patients from Wuhan selected three biomarkers for predicting mortality of individual patients with high accuracy.

SARS-CoV-2 variants with immune escape capability highlight the need for the development of cross-neutralising vaccines and regimens. Here, the authors assess the immunogenicity and safety of NVSI-06-08, that integrates antigens from multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains into a single immunogen, as a heterologous booster in adults previously vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine.

Cryogenic transport measurements of CsV₃Sb₅ nanobeams show a zero-field Josephson diode effect and radio-frequency rectification with power-dependent quantized voltage output.

Behçet’s syndrome is a chronic inflammatory disease with oral ulcers being the most common symptom. Here authors present results from a phase 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial that shows that systemic low dose interleukin-2 could be safely administered to these patients, and the therapy may improve their quality of life.