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TWIK-2 is an endolysosomal potassium channel implicated in inflammatory responses. Here, authors present a cryo-EM structure of human TWIK-2 and establish a high-throughput automated patch-clamp electrophysiology assay to investigate modulation of TWIK-2.

The authors show how Vγ1⁺ γδ T cells produce IL-4 to drive early CD8⁺ T cell and dendritic cell responses to malaria infection in mice.

The study introduces radio interferometric multiplexed spectroscopy (RIMS), a method designed to efficiently monitor the radio emissions of massive samples of stars. Applying it to LOFAR data, the authors identify stellar bursts, offering clues to possible star–planet magnetic interactions.

Yoshioka et al. show that bacteria wrap their flagella to squeeze through near cell-width confinements, which allows symbiotic microbes to navigate constricted gut regions within insect hosts.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The authors study pseudogap in electron-doped cuprates by computing the fermionic self energy beyond Eliashberg approximation. They show that recent experiments are consistent with the idea that pseudogap behavior is caused by thermal antiferromagnetic fluctuations with no Fermi-surface reconstruction.

Multimodal fusion of digital pathology and transcriptomics can improve cancer diagnosis, but remains impractical in clinical settings. Here, the authors develop a crossmodal generative model, PathGen, to synthesise transcriptomic data from histopathology slides, and show how the combination of these multimodal data improves cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

Affinity-proteomics platforms often yield poorly correlated measurements. Here, the authors show that protein-altering variants drive a portion of inter-platform inconsistency and that accounting for genetic variants can improve concordance of protein measures and phenotypic associations across ancestries.

High-pressure measurements of the electrical conductivity of (Mg,Fe)O, used as an analogue for basal magma ocean material, indicate that the conductivity is high enough to produce a dynamo much stronger than a core-driven dynamo for super-Earths larger than 3–6 Earth masses.

Floquet engineering is often limited by weak light–matter coupling and heating. Now it is shown that exciton-driven fields in monolayer semiconductors produce stronger, longer-lived Floquet effects and reveal hybridization linked to excitonic phases.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Chen et al. report a tailored self-assembled monolayer to create a localized 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction. This strategy reduces interfacial loss, achieving photovoltages >90% of thermodynamic limit for wide-bandgap cells, and enables perovskite-organic tandem solar cells with efficiency of 27.11%.

In this work, the authors reveal that three non-ribosomal peptides targeting a common protein quality system differentially alter the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome, providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms behind their antimycobacterial activity.

This study detects Chlamydia pneumoniae in human retina and brain, increasing with AD severity. Retinal pathogen load with Aβ₄₂ may predict AD stage. In models, infection drives Aβ deposition and NLRP3 activation, worsening pathology and cognition.

In this work, the authors propose and experimentally test a framework to analyse the fundamental limits of quantum detector tomography, i.e., the limits to extractable information from probing unknown quantum measurements. They introduce the detector quantum Fisher information, which physically connects measurement structure to quantum advantage, complementing previously known state and channel metrics.

Transition of superfluid to insulator is observed in the layer-imbalanced regime of bilayer magnetoexcitons.

This study reveals high-spin state formation and quintet-mediated emission in diphenylhexatriene oligomers. Quintet states dominate delayed fluorescence up to room temperature, establishing a spin-selective platform for quantum technologies.

Disease course and pathology an infection may cause can change owing to the structural and functional physiological changes that accumulate with age, but therapy can be tailored accordingly; disease tolerance genes show antagonistic pleiotropy.

In a randomized controlled trial that included 97 participants, 69% patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) allocated to a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) achieved clinical response, and over 60% reached remission, outperforming the control group. The FMD also reduced markers of intestinal inflammation, suggesting this dietary intervention could serve as adjunctive treatment for CD.

Tissue stiffness mediated by Piezo1 is shown to regulate the expression of diffusive guidance cues in the developing Xenopus laevis brain, revealing a crosstalk between mechanical signals and long-range chemical signalling.

How neuron-level interactions produce complex cognitive behavior remains unclear. Here, the authors develop a brain circuit mechanistic model based on physiological computation, that uncovers an unexpected neural code, subsequently validated by empirical data.

Transcription factor osr2 is identified as a specific marker and regulator of mural lymphatic endothelial cell (muLEC) differentiation and maintenance, and muLECs and border-associated macrophages share functional analogies but are not homologous, providing an example of convergent evolution.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

The authors present MorphoGenie, an unsupervised model that profiles cell shapes to predict cellular heterogeneity without manual labels. It provides a scalable, interpretable, and generalizable approach for data-driven exploration of cellular heterogeneity across diverse imaging modalities.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

In this study, Dahmane et al use a method called cryo-electron tomography to uncover new details of how tick-borne flaviviruses transform cells into virus factories.

The hepatitis B virus surface protein recognizes host entry receptor via its intrinsically disordered peptide. The authors reveal the dynamic process of the viral surface protein that involves a stepwise binding maturation for establishing high affinity and specific virus-receptor entry complex.

Luppi et al. identify transcriptomic and connectomic controllers of information integration and its breakdown induced by anaesthesia in humans, macaques, marmosets and mice.

Engineered mucus-tethering bispecific nanobodies neutralize and entrap viruses to enhance mucosal immunity, preventing influenza infection and limiting SARS-CoV-2 transmission.

While CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are often initially successful in many breast cancer subtypes, often resistance develops and other subtypes like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) fail to respond. Here, the authors demonstrate that the CDK2 inhibitor BLU-222, alone or with CDK4/6i, restores cell-cycle control via p21/p27 induction overcoming resistance in preclinical models of breast cancer, including TNBC.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

By combining satellite observations with ground-based data and expert validation, this analysis demonstrates considerable misestimation of grassland extent and thereby carbon stock estimates in previous global assessments based on remote sensing.

Preclinical models are essential to study disease pathogenesis and test novel treatments. Here, a broad overview of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis-associated hepatocarcinoma preclinical models is provided, detailing main features, advances and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models, and how they translate to human disease.

Tree buds integrate cold and warm cues to control dormancy release. Extended warm periods block plasmodesmata opening by repressing Flowering Locus T and GA pathways in buds. This mechanism ensures robust temporal regulation of dormancy release.

Hole spin qubits in germanium have seen significant advancements, though improving control and noise resilience remains a key challenge. Here, the authors realize a dressed singlet-triplet qubit in germanium, achieving frequency-modulated high-fidelity control and a tenfold increase in coherence time.

Fermionic currents of opposing chirality can be spatially filtered without the need for a magnetic field using the quantum geometry of topological bands in single-crystal PdGa.

Here, using pre-HIV-infection and non-HIV samples in a multi-modal study of microbiomes and metabolomes, the authors develop a taxon-specific measure of DISruption in COrrelations (DISCO) revealing system-wide dysbiosis preceding HIV-1 infection in men who have sex with men.

The authors report an enhancement of the superconducting onset temperature in nanometer-thin YBa₂Cu₃O₇-δ films grown on substrates with nanofaceted surfaces. They theoretically show that the enhancement is mainly driven by electronic nematicity and unidirectional charge density waves, and further suggest that the nanofacets themselves may promote these effects.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

In this study, the authors model the current mechanical properties of the seafloor of Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, and find those rocks to be too strong to allow the kind of fracturing that, on Earth, enables rock–water chemical reactions on which chemosynthetic life relies.

Mobile impurities can be useful probes of quantum states. Here, the authors theoretically identify polarons formed on the edge of topological insulating states, termed chiral polarons, that can be used to probe topological matter.

Flicker noise limits the performance of electronics. Here, the authors demonstrate in nanowires of charge-density wave materials (TaSe₄)₂I and NbS₃ that low-frequency electronic noise is suppressed below the limit of thermalized charge carriers in passive resistors.

Induction of hypothermia during hibernation/torpor enables certain mammals to survive under extreme conditions. Here, the authors show that the natural product P57 induces hypothermia by targeting pyridoxal kinase and has a potential application in therapeutic hypothermia.

The early genetic evolution of uveal melanoma (UM) remains poorly understood. Here, the authors perform genetic profiling of 1140 primary UMs, including 131 small early-stage tumours, finding that most genetic driver aberrations have occurred by the time small tumours are biopsied; in addition, the15-gene expression profile discriminant score can predict the transition from low- to high-risk tumours.

Risk associated with genetically defined forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can propagate by means of transcriptional regulation to affect convergently dysregulated pathways, providing insight into the convergent impact of ASD genetic risk on human neurodevelopment.

This study examines long-term changes in species richness across tropical forests in the Andes and Amazon. Hotter, drier and more seasonal forests in the eastern and southern Amazon are losing species, while Northern Andean forests are accumulating species, acting as a refuge for climate-displaced species.

Population-scale WGS reveals genetic determinants of persistent EBV DNA, linking immune regulation—especially antigen processing and MHC class II variation—to EBV persistence and heterogeneous disease associations.

A suite of TadA-derived cytosine base editors was optimized to improve efficiency, reduce sequence bias, expand PAM compatibility and minimize artefacts, enabling precise genetic interrogation of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in zebrafish.