Search

Valorizing plastic waste remains a major challenge due to its severe environmental impact. Here, the authors report a CuCo/CoOₓ catalyst constructed via stepwise hydrogen spillover, enabling near-quantitative conversion of waste polyethylene terephthalate to p-xylene.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

The gut bacterium Lactobacillus reuteri and its metabolite IAA exacerbate neuropsychiatric lupus by activating microglial AHR/STAT3 signalling, driving neuroinflammation and behavioural deficits.

Zhu, Zhao, Wang et al. describe G-NECNet, a deep learning model for detecting gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma (G-NEC) from H&E-stained biopsy whole-slide images without the need for additional immunohistochemistry. G-NECNet achieves high diagnostic accuracy across multiple datasets.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Selective lithium extraction from low-grade brines remains a substantial challenge due to intense competition from coexisting ions such as magnesium and sodium. In pilot-scale electrochemical systems, [100]-oriented LiFePO₄ nanosheets have shown enhanced lithium selectivity, effectively isolating lithium even from brines with extremely high Na/Li and Mg/Li ratios.

Organic solvent nanofiltration is a promising alternative to existing energy-intensive industrial separation processes but it requires suitable membranes. Here a chemically and mechanically robust conjugated polymer framework membrane is designed for efficient molecular-sieving separations.

Active lifestyle has considerable cardiac health benefits, but the metabolic and immunological background need further investigation. Here the authors show that a cardiac macrophage population, characterised by simultaneous pro-inflammatory and reparative properties, accumulate upon exercise, and these cells restore cardiac health upon transfer in a mouse model of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.

SCOPE-DTI introduces a large semi-inductive DTI dataset and optimized deep learning framework for drug-target interaction prediction. It integrates 3D structural modeling and bilinear attention, with experimental validation of drug targets and open access tools for broad research use.

Paclitaxel is a prominent cancer therapy drug with poor synthetic efficiency due to the low activity and selectivity of the hydrolases involved. Here the authors develop a TteUPO oxidase toolbox for taxane oxidation, offering an unconventional route towards paclitaxel and paclitaxel analogues.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Despite recent advances with trappedion-based platforms, achieving quantum networks with link efficiency greater than unity on metropolitan scales is still a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate a multiplexed quantum network generating heralded entanglement at a rate faster than local decoherence.

Yan et al. use cryo-EM to obtain structures that reveal how DNMT3A2 and DNMT3L cooperate to read histone signals and bind chromatin, illustrating a mechanism that controls DNA methylation and shapes epigenetic regulation.

Fibers derived from non-silk proteins hold potential for various biomedical applications, but mechanically-balanced and highly-biocompatible regenerated protein fibers are elusive. Here, the authors report an entanglement-reinforced strategy to fabricate keratin/albumin bio-fibers that show high strength and toughness, along with favorable biocompatibility, degradability and immunocompatibility.

2D high-κ dielectric materials remain highly sought-after for the future development of 2D electronics. Here, the authors report a 2D edge-seeded heteroepitaxial growth strategy to synthesize CaNb₂O₆ thin films with equivalent oxide thickness down to 0.7 nm and show their application for high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors.

Focused ultrasound could be used to change the geometry of implanted shape-memory medical devices noninvasively. Here, the authors demonstrate this concept on large animal models, showing device removal and trigger drug release.

Here, authors show both CLA and ACC as key mediators of methamphetamine (METH) use and relapse. Specifically, the CLA → ACC circuit modulates intake, while reciprocal ACC → CLA circuit drive cue-induced relapse, revealing a maladaptive positive feedback loop that perpetuates METH addiction.

Alcohol use disorder drives transcriptional and regulatory changes in the caudate nucleus. Here, authors show, using a single-cell multiomic analysis, cell type-specific disruptions of gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and cell communication.

Stem cells are highly resistant to viral infection, irrespective of any interferon response. Here the authors discover that VAMP5 as a potent cell-autonomous defense factor protects ESCs from various viruses’ infection, including SARS-CoV-2 by interacting with RNA replication complexes to defend against viral infection.

Non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) is tightly controlled by innervation. Here, the authors show that BAT-derived OLFM4 regulates Schwann cell differentiation through activation of the BMP7-MEK/ERK pathway, thereby modulating sensory and sympathetic innervation

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains poorly characterised in Chinese patients. Here, the authors profile 204 Chinese primary ICCs using deep whole-exome sequencing, and propose SAV1 as a driver of ICC due to its mutation frequency and potential tumour suppressor activity.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is limited. Here, the authors show that long-term treatment with high-dose N-acetylcysteine neither significantly reduced the annual rate of total exacerbations nor improve lung function in patients with mild-tomoderate COPD.

Radiotherapy is an important part of glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, but patient outcomes are often limited by resistance. Here, the authors identify a role for IFI16 in the promotion of a cellular senescence-like phenotype, inhibiting ferroptosis and driving radioresistance which can be overcome with Glyburide in preclinical GBM models.

The mechanism underlying abnormal pain perception in autism remains unclear. Here authors show that histone lactylation decreases Dock4, an autism-related gene, to modulate heat pain by impairing Dynein-mediated Nav1.7 membrane trafficking, providing insights into thermosensor-independent mechanisms.

The properties of high harmonic generation from solids are not fully understood. Here, Wang et al. control the photo-carriers injected in a semiconductor to distinguish interband and intraband contributions to different high harmonics, and investigate the wavelength dependence of the harmonics.

Mn dissolution and unwanted byproducts result in capacity fading of MnO₂-based aqueous zinc batteries. Here, authors report an in situ-formed interphase on commercial MnO₂ that inhibits dissolution and generation of byproducts, resulting in improved battery performance.

The mechanical stability of interfaces in perovskite solar cells is not well understood. Chen, Wang, Wang et al. investigate the strength of the bonds between layers and the corresponding effects on the chemical and mechanical stability of perovskite solar cells.

Alkaline hydrogen production needs stable catalysts, but the electrical double layer is overlooked. Here, the authors report a dense epitaxial hydroxide layer that strengthens the double layer, prevents catalyst leaching, and enhances material stability for 1,400 h in an industrial electrolyzer.

The interaction between two proteins associated with a glutamate receptor can drive neuronal death mediated through this receptor after stroke. A small molecule, designed to specifically disrupt this deadly interaction, protects the brain in mice and rats against neuronal damage without undesirable side effects (pages 1439–1443).

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Development of high-performance, comfortable and sustainable air filters is challenging. Here, authors design an ultrathin, ultralight dual scale fiber mat composed of true nanofibers and submicron-fibers to integrate the high protection, thermal wet comfort and save raw materials.

Piezoelectric materials for bone repair usually require scaffold filling and external stimulation. Here, the authors present a self-reinforced chip that can spontaneously generate piezoelectric effect under physiological vibrations to achieve scaffold-free repair of critical-sized bone defects