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It remains unclear whether and how endometrial dysfunction leads to infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), independent of the ovary. Here, the authors show that elevated ERα and histone lactylation impair endometrial receptivity in PCOS and serve as potential therapeutic targets.

Achieving directional ion transport in thin membranes is desirable yet challenging. Here, authors demonstrate an ultrathin ferroelectric single-pore membrane that enables polarization-driven ion rectification and hysteretic responses under pH stimuli.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A label-free imaging approach detects differences in NIR-II autofluorescence intensity between human liver malignancy and the adjacent tissue.

Root-knot nematodes locate host plants by sensing microbial volatiles shaped by plant defence metabolites, revealing a surprising ecological link between plant chemistry, soil microbes and parasite behaviour in the rhizosphere.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Researchers demonstrate all-collinear antiferromagnetic tunnel junctions achieving up to 75% magnetoresistance through van der Waals interface effects, enabling spintronics with layer-tunable volatile or non-volatile behavior.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Graphene film-based metamaterials are applied for polarization manipulation of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, achieving high performance in polarization sensitivity, full polarization shielding, and switching efficiency.

‘Ultrathin’ gold interlayers are shown to form nanoparticles that balance optical losses and electrical contact, enabling efficient perovskite–perovskite integration for scalable and durable triple-junction photovoltaics.

Hypoxic stress remodels key cellular pathways in tumor. Here the authors identify that hypoxia induces glucokinase phosphorylation and nuclear localization, contributing to TAZ activation and tumor growth.

This study demonstrated that different types of HC-Pros from potyviruses exhibit varying capacities to inhibit HEN1. This results in distinct levels of autophagic AGO1 degradation, which in turn leads to differences in RNA silencing suppression efficiency.

Enantioselective dearomatization of substituted non-activated benzene derivatives is a challenge due to their inherent stability. Now, a chiral samarium complex-mediated enantioselective dearomatization of substituted benzene derivatives is realized via intramolecular reductive coupling with ketyl radicals. The method has been used to synthesize a range of dearomatized bicycles with three stereogenic centres.

Electrified reactive capture converts CO₂ from carbonate solutions but suffers from low Faradaic efficiency. Here, the authors report a templated synthesis with defined pores and Ni single atoms to accumulate CO₂, achieving 46% energy efficiency to syngas at 300 mA/cm²

Two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors hold promise for spin- and valleytronic applications. Here, the authors report the realization of light helicity detectors based on graphene/CrI₃ van der Waals heterostructures, exhibiting a photocurrent behaviour determined by the magnetic state of CrI₃.

The production of higher alcohols is very valuable because of their high volumetric energy density. Now, Sargent, Sinton and co-workers report the design of copper nanoparticles with tailored nanocavities that promote n-propanol formation by the coupling of C2 and C1 intermediates inside the cavity.

Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an allergic, inflammatory disorder of the oesophagus. Here the authors carry out a genome-wide association study in over 5,000 individuals and identify four genetic loci that affect the onset of EoE.

O3-type sodium anion-redox cathodes show promise but are hard to synthesize due to unclear mechanisms. Here, authors elucidate the role of oxygen conditions, enabling O3-Na[Li_1/3Mn_2/3]O₂ synthesis and developing Ti-substituted with capacities >190 mAh·g^-1.

The prefrontal cortex is involved in cocaine abuse disorders. Here, the authors show that cocaine suppresses frontal association cortex (FrA) in awake mice and induces locomotor sensitization through a dopamine dependent VTA-vmPFC-FrA pathway.

The effects of microplastics (MPs) on soil microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance genes are not well understood. Here, the authors used microcosm studies to show that MP diversity, and partially fungicide treatment and reduced plant diversity, correlate with higher levels of ARG and related genetic factors.

Genomic analyses of Citrus species including haplotype-resolved genomes of Citrus sinensis and Citrus aurantium highlight the origin of sweet orange and provide a strategy for de novo domestication of perennial crops.

Molecular-level experiments are described to develop a detailed assessment of 11 new particle formation mechanisms in a global climate model and, in comparison with simulations and observations, the dominant mechanisms worldwide are mapped.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Chen et al. reveal that plastisphere viral communities possess habitat-dependent potential for modulating global methane cycling. In aquatic environments, these viruses significantly promote methane emissions, emphasizing the significance of viruses in plastic pollution risk assessments.

The role of the tumour microenvironment in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma remains poorly understood. Here, single cell profiling of metastatic melanoma samples identifies associations of the mature dendritic enriched in immunoregulatory molecules subtype with immunotherapy response.

Transcription factors (TFs) represent an emerging class of therapeutic targets in oncology. Here, the authors develop Epiregulon, a computational method that constructs gene regulatory networks from ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data for accurate prediction of TF activity at the single-cell level, thereby facilitating the discovery of therapeutics targeting TFs.

The Indian summer monsoon is influenced by numerous factors, including aerosol-induced changes to clouds, surface and atmospheric heating, and atmospheric circulation. An analysis of satellite data and global climate model simulations suggests that dust aerosol levels over the Arabian Sea, West Asia and the Arabian Peninsula are positively correlated with the intensity of the Indian summer monsoon.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Zhang and colleagues use single-cell RNA sequencing on the nasal mucosa to identify cell subsets and molecules that specifically contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis subtypes.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in Chinese Han and white British participants identify autosomal and X-chromosomal associations in more diverse populations.

Bi₂O₂Se is a promising 2D semiconductor with high electron mobility and native high-k dielectric layers, but its p-type doping remains challenging. Here, the authors report a low-temperature substitutional doping method to fabricate 2D Bi₂O₂Se p-n junctions and p-type transistors

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

Since the first proposal for plasmonic nanolasers there has been a debate about the limitations on performance posed by the inherent losses in metallic systems. Here, the authors compare over 100 plasmonic and photonic laser devices and find sub-wavelength plasmonic lasers to be advantageous.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

Realizing conversion between microwave and optical signals in free space is a challenge. Here, the authors propose and demonstrate a programmable metasurface that can achieve wireless microwave-laser interconversion for bidirectional air-water cross-media wireless communications.

Freestanding perovskite oxides pave the way to novel flexural properties. Here, the authors observe the nanoscale strain gradient induced flexoelectric polarization with an unusual flexo-expansion/shrinkage effect in freestanding ferroelectric oxide.