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Mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive subtype which, unlike cutaneous melanoma, shows limited response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, the authors report the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) and lenvatinib (multi tyrosine kinase inhibition) in patients with resectable mucosal melanoma, along with exploratory biomarker analysis.

Accurately perceiving object softness remains challenging for tactile sensors. Here, the authors present a tactile sensor that quantitatively and accurately detects both Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio.

A randomised trial in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes found once-weekly efsubaglutide improved HbA1c and fasting glucose, reduced weight, and enhanced meal-stimulated insulin secretion with mainly mild GI side effects.

Seismic data from NASA’s InSight mission reveal partially molten zones in Mars’s upper mantle beneath Elysium Planitia, suggesting that a hot, active mantle plume is sustaining recent volcanism and seismic activity on Mars.

Tang, Dai, Qing, Zhang and colleagues describe a role for N-glycosylation in the nucleus: N-glycans modify inner nuclear membrane proteins, and the modification is implicated in the maintenance of H3K9me3 heterochromatin and genome stability.

Nutrient deficiencies are widespread, but blood tests are often inconvenient. Here, the authors develop a wearable electrochemical platform for noninvasive, real-time detection of multiple low-concentration vitamins in sweat and validate its performance in human studies.

Low-dose IL-2 therapy has been evaluated for the treatment of numerous autoimmune conditions. This study reports the outcomes of a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Developing noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for acidic water electrolysis is vital for hydrogen production. The authors design a Cr and Nd co-doped Co3O4 anode catalyst with enhanced activity and durability and introduce an in-situ acid circulation strategy to mitigate membrane poisoning.

Current thermal wax refining methods are energy intensive. Here, the authors report a photothermal process using a nanoscale zero-valent iron catalyst and sunlight to refine low-grade waxes into high-grade waxes with narrow distributions.

Skeletal muscle fiber type is key to metabolic health. Zhou et al. reveal that the protein BRD4 dictates muscle fiber identity, blocking it promotes energy-burning slow fibers and prevents obesity in mice, offering a new target for metabolic disease.

This study highlights a strategy to additively manufacture lightweight, strong, and ductile heat-resistant aluminum alloys. The partial solid-state amorphization of the nanoprecipitates during high-temperature tension offers an additional toughening mechanism.

In NIID, toxic polyG from NOTCH2NLC GGC repeats disrupts nucleoli and chromatin, causing DNA damage and senescence. Here, the authors show that ASOs targeting the repeats reduce polyG buildup and reverse damage, suggesting a new treatment.

Japonica subspecies has a lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of indica rice. Here, the authors show that natural variations in the NIN-like protein 4 (OsNLP4) encoding gene are responsible for the divergence and introgression of the indica OsNLP4 allele into elite japonica cultivar can increase NUE and grain yield.

Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a regulatory element involved in genomic stability and gene regulation. This study identifies widespread eccDNA in early mammalian embryos. These eccDNAs arise from active genomic regions, increase during a major wave of gene activation, and can regulate key developmental genes.

Trophic status is a critical regulator of N₂O dynamics in freshwater lake sediments, with implications for predicting GHG fluxes under global change scenarios.

Tuning symmetry breaking in magnetic transitions via twist-angle engineering is challenging, as twisted two-dimensional magnets often inherit the magnetic ground states of their constituent parts. Now this tunability is achieved in a double-bilayer moiré magnet.

Sun and colleagues report that immunotherapy resistance conferred by STING-induced regulatory B cell expansion in pancreatic adenocarcinoma could be overcome by combining STING agonism with inhibition of PI3Kγ signaling in B cells.

The liver-specific lncRNA HlncRNA-1 integrates circadian and metabolic signals. Dhx9 directly binds its promoter, linking clock inputs, while HlncRNA-1 recruits Hdlbp to coordinate lipid catabolism. Overexpression suppresses hepatic steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity across nutritional states. This study identifies HlncRNA-1 as a therapeutic target for circadian disruption-induced metabolic disorders

Seawater lithium extraction represents an innovative transformative solution that could alleviate future lithium supply concerns. In response, we propose an Albizia julibrissin-inspired adsorption-responsive photothermal ion pump for enhanced and reversible Li+ extraction from seawater.

Cellular underground metabolism plays crucial roles in enzyme promiscuity, metabolism and biological evolution, but it has hardly been investigated. Here the authors combine retrobiosynthesis with deep learning enzyme annotation and enzyme–substrate prediction methods to explore it, reconstructing the yeast metabolic twin model, Yeast-MetaTwin.

A clinical trial testing whether monitoring ctDNA clearance during treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer could be used to inform decisions about an individual’s subsequent therapeutic programme shows promising results.

High-nickel layered positive electrodes suffer from lattice oxygen loss and inherent lattice strain. Here, authors report a self-derived subtractive strategy to form a coherent spinel-phase shell with tunable thickness to confine active oxygen intermediates and suppresses interfacial side reactions.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Autophagy has been reported to have an important role in glioblastoma temozolomide resistance but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors identify RFC4-STK38-BECN1 complex as a driver of autophagy activation and subsequent temozolomide resistance in preclinical models of glioblastoma.

Solution-based methods exist to upcycle waste polyolefins, although these resort to the use of co-reactants and require non-negligible energy inputs. Here the authors show how a solar thermal catalytic system based on copper particles encapsulated within a 2D Si material can strongly alleviate such issues.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Interfacial charge recombination losses limit solar cell efficiency. Gao et al. mitigate these losses through front and rear-contact engineering, achieving efficiencies of 26.34% and 32.73% in tunnel oxide passivating contact single-junction and tandem solar cells.

Stacking XA48-mediated effector-triggered immunity with XA21-mediated pattern-triggered immunity in Oryza sativa japonica reconstitutes the broad-spectrum resistance from wild rice.

Photothermal superhydrophobic coatings show poor anti-icing performance and mechanical stability in real conditions. Here, authors report on robust photothermal superhydrophobic coatings with self-similar low-surface-energy three-tier micro-/nano- /nanostructures.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

The mid-infrared (MIR) range of the electromagnetic spectrum can be indirectly accessed by frequency upconversion. Here, authors propose a phase-matching-free scheme for broadband and efficient upconversion, covering wavelengths from MIR to ultraviolet with high-order harmonics generated from a NbOI₂ crystal. MIR imaging is demonstrated with a standard silicon camera.

Selenization is a key step in kesterite solar cell fabrication, but controlling ion migration during this process is challenging. Cui et al. address this issue by introducing a Li₂SnS₃ interphase, achieving a certified power conversion efficiency of 15.0%.

Dong and colleagues report that blockade of T cell-expressed cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule results in selective mitigation of immune-related toxicities without affecting antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

A complete genome assembly of a crab-eating macaque, revealing 46% fewer segmental duplications and 3.83 times longer centromeres than those of humans, is presented, enhancing understanding of lineage-specific phenotypes, adaptation and primate evolution.

Digital medicine needs intuitive readouts to translate multidimensional biomarkers into reliable cancer tests. Here, authors present EnCODE, an enzyme-driven colorimetric platform that encodes multi-miRNA profiles into decodable colours, detecting pancreatic cancer with 90% accuracy in 163 patient samples.

Lin and colleagues present high-affinity split-HaloTag pairs for protein tagging and multiplexed labelling. This versatile system allows protein visualisation with diverse imaging modalities, including live-cell super-resolution microscopy.

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