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Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1 A (CMT1A) results from PMP22 gene duplication and is characterized by peripheral nerve myelination deficits. Here, the authors prevent the development of pathological features in a rat model of CMT1A through the local delivery of AAV2/9 expressing shRNAs against PMP22.

Viral ribonucleoprotein–viral protein networks form pre-replication centres that nucleate viral factories and drive respiratory syncytial virus replication.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus has caused outbreaks in dairy cattle and cases in humans in the United States. Here, the authors assess levels of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies to the epidemic virus strain in human serum samples collected in the United States.

Boutary et al. describe siRNA based therapy conjugated with squalene nanoparticles as an efficient approach to normalize PMP22 protein levels, restore locomotor activity, electrophysiological parameters and function of myelin sheath in CMT1A mouse models. These findings could be useful to develop therapeutic strategies for inherited peripheral neuropathies.

Oat consumption, particularly a short-term, high-dose oat diet, improves metabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome by increasing microbially produced phenolic metabolites, leading to lower blood cholesterol levels.

This study uses single-cell DNA sequencing to analyze genomic evolution in pancreatic cancer using a cohort of multiregionally and longitudinally sampled patients’ tissues across various clinical contexts.

This study shows that parietal alpha oscillations determine how visual and tactile signals from the body are combined over time, influencing the temporal precision of multisensory integration that underlies the perception of one’s own body

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Transcriptomic and clinical data analyses from multiple cohorts of patients with cancer receiving immunotherapy find that PD-1 blockade potentiates tumor-specific IgG1 plasma cell responses that complement cellular immunity and contribute to clinical benefit.

This study assessed the durability of immunity in humans after vaccination with an MVA-based MERS vaccine. The data show that antibodies and T cells persist for at least two years, with the antibodies capable of cross-neutralizing MERS-CoV variants.

Large-scale computational and in vitro analyses identify commensal type III secretion systems and substrates in the human gut microbiome that can interact with human proteins to modulate immune pathways.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Ginhoux, Dutertre and colleagues provide a comprehensive analysis of dendritic cell subsets and states across human tumoral and juxtatumoral tissues.

The M1636 trial evaluated a peptide vaccine targeting IDO and PD-L1 in combination with nivolumab in patients with advanced melanoma. Here, the authors present 5-year survival data confirming durable clinical benefit from an IDO/PD-L1 immune modulatory vaccine combined with αPD-1 in metastatic melanoma, and they identify serum CCL3, CCL4, and TNFα as biologic markers of response

Single-cell manipulation and processing techniques and improvements in mass spectrometry sensitivity make single-cell proteomic profiling feasible. This study presents a label-free approach for the characterisation of native N-glycans of single mammalian cells and ng-level blood isolates, demonstrating the potential to detect cell surface glycome changes at the single-cell level in health or disease.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.

Variants in the PSMC5 gene impair proteasome function and cellular homeostasis, altering brain development in children. This study reveals underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to this neurodevelopmental phenotype, and suggests therapeutic leads for neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies.

Vaginal birth, exclusive breastfeeding and early contact with siblings promote colonization of the infant gut with bifidobacteria capable of producing aromatic lactates, a microbial and metabolite signal that is inversely related to the risk of allergen-specific sensitization and dermatitis later in life.

Human challenge studies with SARS-CoV-2 have shown changes in the innate and adaptive immune response. Here the authors are examining potential correlates of infection in virus challenged recipients by assessing baseline immune parameters and how this predicts virus control.

Whole-genome sequencing of polioviruses in Uganda following nOPV2 use showed high genetic stability and no sustained transmission, even though a rare double recombinant strain regained virulence, but did not spread due to high vaccination coverage.

How landscapes are arranged affects soil pathogenic fungi worldwide. The authors reveal the global pattern and pronounced scale-dependency of landscape complexity and land-cover quantity on soil pathogenic fungal diversity.

With rich, multi-layered baseline data and long-term follow-up through linkage, the HELIOS Study provides a resource to investigate the behavioural, environmental, genomic, and molecular factors impacting health in Asian populations.

Exposure to twelve widely used preservative food additives are associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort of 108,723 adults, supporting recommendations to favour fresh and minimally processed foods

Mammalian oocytes and embryos undergo major epigenetic changes. Here, genome-wide mapping of the histone variant H2A.Z across mouse oogenesis and early embryogenesis reveals distinct maternal, embryonic and persistent enrichment patterns, linking histone variant dynamics to epigenetic inheritance, repeats and developmental reprogramming.

Here, in a randomized clinical trial, the authors report that an experimental young child formula containing a combination of Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and galacto-oligosaccharides enhances bone and muscle development in early life through modulation of the microbiome.

In mdx mouse fetuses, the lack of dystrophin markedly impairs secondary myogenesis due to reduced muscle stem cell polarity. AAK1 deletion restores polarity and rescues secondary myogenesis, revealing fetal onset in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common cause of vision loss with a large genetic risk in older individuals. Here, for a high-risk AMD subtype, the authors identify an association with a chromosome 10 risk region containing a long non-coding RNA.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

Fine-scale field analysis and modelling of the spatial dynamics of infection of Darwin’s frogs with Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis fungus identifies highly localized transmission dynamics that generate clustered epidemics and can drive collapse of local subpopulations.

Colloidal particles experience capillary interactions at liquid interfaces, but modifying these interactions is challenging as shape change is required. Here, the authors report polymer particles that change shape with polarised light, and therefore create flow patterns with unusual paths.

This work shows the two independent structures of cardiac amyloids formed by non-native atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) dimers extracted from atrial fibrillation patients. These data point at dimeric ANP forms as the amyloidogenic species in vivo.

By leveraging both deep learning and hidden Markov models, Helixer achieves broad taxonomic coverage for ab initio gene annotation of eukaryotic genomes from fungi, plants, vertebrates and invertebrates.

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem functioning across diverse environments. This study shows that soil properties and specific microbial taxa jointly shape ecosystem functioning across European soils.

In this work, functional antibodies against the cancer-related GPCR NTS1 were generated by immunizing chickens with in silico-designed 3D peptides, offering a strategy for GPCR targeting with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

This study reveals how atmospheric warming drives glacier instabilities by analyzing multi-decadal in-situ measurements in the High Arctic. Using borehole seismology, it shows that surface melt promotes crevasse opening and sliding.

Long-read sequencing is a valuable method to understand the impact of structural variants (SVs) on complex traits. Analysis of HiFi long-reads from 120 Bos taurus taurus bulls and genetic association testing with molecular phenotypes derived from RNA-seq from testis tissue, identified significant enrichment of SVs among expression and splicing QTLs in these bulls.

Control over pain changes how intense it is perceived. Here, the authors show that this effect results from increased expectation precision with control, which changes activity in brain regions relevant for motor-control, evaluating threat and modulating pain.

A high-resolution transcriptomic and epigenomic cell-type atlas of the developing mouse visual cortex from embryonic to postnatal development is presented, providing a real-time dynamic molecular map associated with individual cell types and specific developmental events.

Bouwman et al. identify Hmga1-mediated chromatin remodeling as the fundamental regulator of zebrafish cardiac regeneration and reveal the potential of Hmga1 to restore heart repair in mice by reactivating developmental genes, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.

Using Mendelian randomization, no causal links were found between estradiol exposure and brain age gap, Alzheimer’s disease and depression in females. The pattern was consistent for estradiol levels in pre- and postmenopausal samples and males.

Across 13 longitudinal studies (3,737 adults), the authors show that brain atrophy parallels memory loss, with a stronger coupling in later life. APOE ε4 increases decline, yet genetic risk does not modify the brain–memory relationship.

Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB) are understudied commensals that promote immune activation through their attachment to the intestinal epithelium. Here, Cruz et al. use cryo-electron microscopy and tomography to identify various surface structures and uncover a developmental transition at the SFB adhesive tip.