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Gravitational lens modelling of a million-solar-mass dark object reveals that it cannot be a free-floating black hole or dark-matter halo as predicted by cold dark matter, instead indicating a peculiar and highly concentrated mass distribution.

The anomalous Hall angle parameter tanθ^A can be formulated as a function of the product of electrical resistivity and anomalous Hall conductivity, a scheme that allows the anomalous Hall angle in the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co₃Sn₂S₂ to be increased to 25°.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) technologies link tissue morphology with gene expression, but remain expensive to use; furthermore, models that predict ST data from histopathology images possess considerable limitations. Here, the authors develop STimage, a deep learning probabilistic framework for ST prediction from histopathology images while prioritising robustness and interpretability.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Fermionic currents of opposing chirality can be spatially filtered without the need for a magnetic field using the quantum geometry of topological bands in single-crystal PdGa.

Mapping of the neutrophil compartment using single-cell transcriptional data from multiple physiological and patological states reveals its organizational architecture and how cell state dynamics and trajectories vary during health, inflammation and cancer.

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that functionally impaired NK cells contribute to immune escape of pre-malignant clones in early stage MDS and that NK adoptive cell therapy can be considered to prevent or delay the development of MDS.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Tanycytic insulin receptors allow insulin access to the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and are relevant for driving AgRP neuronal activity in response to feeding.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Vortex dynamics and mutual friction in quantum fluids are intimately connected to the fundamental properties of superfluids. Here, the authors reveal previously unexplored mechanisms underlying the mutual friction coefficients in ultracold Fermi superfluids in the unitary limit, suggesting bound quasiparticles within the vortex core play a significant role.

How do low-mass binaries age? Astronomers have constrained a tight, circular orbit of a close-in companion around a dying giant star, raising new questions about how tidal forces shape binary orbits in the final phases of stellar evolution.

Observations of the Faraday rotation towards pulsars in the halo globular cluster 47 Tucanae have been used to constrain the magnetic field strength in the Galactic halo, finding that it is unexpectedly strong.

Jupiter’s radiation belt exhibits complex electron distributions shaped by wave–particle interactions and moon absorption. Here, the authors identify an electron slot region and quantify its formation driven by whistler waves via Juno mission data and simulations.

TGF-β stimulated tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) can exert pro-tumoral functions. Here the authors show that Smad3 activation in TANs is associated with an N2-like polarization state and poor outcome in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and that Smad3 targeting reprograms TANs to an antitumor state suppressing tumor growth in preclinical lung cancer models.

With rich, multi-layered baseline data and long-term follow-up through linkage, the HELIOS Study provides a resource to investigate the behavioural, environmental, genomic, and molecular factors impacting health in Asian populations.

Active fluids, such as bacterial suspensions, exhibit chaotic flows at low Reynolds number - a phenomenon known as active turbulence. Here, the authors show a discontinuous transition from laminar to chaotic flows in unconfined active nematics.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

The method for separating Cl₂ based on the Bernoulli principle enables efficient electrochemical chlorine evolution under universal pH conditions in a three-phase system. This enables assembly of a membrane-free system that can resist the influence of pH changes in the electrolyte.

Event generators are used to simulate and describe hadronic collisions in accelerator experiments, but often struggle to describe data from astroparticle experiments that probe hadronic collisions at extreme energies. This Review highlights the complementarity between accelerator and astroparticle experiments that can be exploited, to gain new insights into the nature of hadronic collisions and increase model accuracy across both domains.

Here the authors show that persistent antigen stimulation drives the generation of CD8⁺ tissue-resident exhausted T cells with distinct developmental origins, function and therapeutic responsiveness when compared to CD8⁺ tissue-resident memory T cells.

Perturbations to strongly lensed galaxy light in very long baseline interferometric imaging reveal a dark and unusually low-mass object at redshift z ≈ 0.9.

A metallic p-wave magnet with commensurate spin helix and anisotropic electronic properties is experimentally realized and shows a giant anomalous Hall effect when distorted by a tiny spontaneous magnetization.

Synaptic vesicle fusion is essential for neuronal communication, yet its nanoscale sequence has not been directly confirmed. Here, the authors use timed in situ cryo-electron tomography to visualize the full fusion process and its link to vesicle resupply.

Interwoven magnetic and non-magnetic layers in TbTi₃Bi₄ overcome kagome frustration, producing coupled elliptical-spiral magnetic and spin-density-wave orders and a very large anomalous Hall effect driven by strong electron–magnetic field interactions.

Single-shot angle-resolved Brillouin light scattering microscopy enables spatiotemporal mapping of mechanical anisotropy in living cells with a spatial resolution below 2 µm and precision in the Brillouin frequency shift of 10 MHz.

There has been significant interest in using spin-waves or magnons for information processing, due to their low energy dissipation and short wavelength at terahertz frequencies, however, manipulating magnons can be challenging. Here, Kim et al show that magnons in Sr2IrO4 are extremely strain sensitive, with small applied strains leading to large variation in the magnon energy.

SIMPLICITY models multi-scale SARS-CoV-2 evolution by integrating within-host viral dynamics and population-level transmission. Our adaptive fitness landscape model reveals how immune escape prompts evolutionary dynamics akin to the real-world evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

A size-controlled composite powder feedstock design effectively enhanced the cryogenic strength and ductility of additively manufactured medium-entropy alloys through in-situ formation of hard and stiff reprecipitates.

A lift-off and transfer method enables the fabrication of efficient three-dimensional racetrack memory devices fabricated from freestanding magnetic heterostructures on a prepatterned substrate and may—in the future—allow for advanced three-dimensional nanostructures in next-generation nanoelectronic devices with a low device footprint.

Synthetic anti-ferromagnets, where two ferromagnetic layers are coupled anti-ferromagnetically via a spacer, are known for their very large current-induced domain wall velocities. Here, Guan et al show that the velocity of the domain walls in synthetic anti-ferromagnetic nanowires can be tuned over a wide range due to reversible oxidization via ionic liquid gating.

Attosecond transient reflection spectroscopy is used to experimentally observe the attosecond electron dynamics of a crystalline diamond, showing that virtual interband transitions affect the timing and adiabaticity of the crystal response and thus providing insights for the development of information processing and petahertz electronics.

Swimming bacteria perform collective motion at high cell density, yet it is unclear how this behaviour affects their ability to follow substance gradients in the environment. Here, Colin et al. address this question by studying motion of Escherichia coli in controlled chemical gradients.

Introducing local, nanoscopic ferromagnetic regions in a synthetic antiferromagnet racetrack can help to mitigate the trade-off between energy efficiency and thermal stability in magnetic domain-wall-based devices.

The interplay between geometrical and spin chiralities in three-dimensional twisted magnetic ribbons can lead to new functionalities that could allow for innovative chiral spintronics.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

The structure-function relationships of a β-helix, a folding motif formed by parallel β-strands arranged in a helical repetitive pattern, remain poorly understood and underexploited. Here, the authors reconstitute a protein β-helix by design from an elementary sequence of 18 amino acids, which self-assembles into a self-contained multifunctional motif exhibiting a range of biological functions.

The accretion geometry of X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 is determined here from IXPE observations. X-ray polarization reveals a narrow funnel with reflecting walls, which focuses emission, making Cyg X-3 appear as an ultraluminous X-ray source.

The mechanism behind the ultrafast insulator-to-metal transition in Mott materials is still not well understood. Now, it is shown that this phase transition propagates along the pathway of a photoinduced compressive strain wave in prototypical V₂O₃.

The authors introduce a new spectroscopic technique for studying Higgs modes in superconductors and apply it to a cuprate superconductor. The method involves a soft quench of the Mexican-Hat potential, populating Higgs modes of different symmetries, which are then probed by non equilibrium anti-Stokes Raman scattering.

Electrogenerated gas bubbles impair the efficiency of electrolysis and require a deeper insight into their dynamics. Here, the authors describe a transport mechanism in which electrolyte droplets from the coalescence of microbubbles are sprayed into H₂ bubbles.

A challenge of magnetically-actuated devices is to obtain different behaviours from each component under the same driving field. Here the authors tune the dipolar interactions between rotors to obtain different rotational behaviours when actuated by a magnetic field leading to complex collective dynamics.

Cannulae are heat-resistant protein nanotubes found on the surface of thermophilic archaea. Here, the authors report the structures of cannulae at the atomic level with insight into their high stability and mechanism of assembly, which has potential impact for biomaterials design.

The feasibility of Floquet engineering in graphene has been called into question due to its fast decoherence processes. Measurements of graphene’s photoemission spectrum now support the generation of Floquet states in this material.

Matrix viscoelasticity regulates cell behavior in a stiffness-dependent manner. Here, the authors reveal that the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 transduces soft matrix viscoelastic cues, through a coordinated interaction with molecular clutch mechanisms.

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 have received recent attention as entry factors for SARS-CoV-2. Here the authors analyze nasal airway transcriptome data from 695 children determining ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression is induced by viral and type2 inflammation, respectively, and both exhibit eQTLs that vary across world populations.

When stars like our Sun die, they expel their outer layers in a dramatic stellar wind. This study of an unusual chemical signature in one particular stellar wind reveals that the signature is due to the presence of a binary system whose components had a close approach around 200 years ago.

The authors report signal enhancements in high-resolution liquid-state NMR by a new setup for dynamic nuclear polarization. Two-dimensional NMR techniques are used to transfer hyperpolarization within the nuclei of molecules such as metabolites or drugs.