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Hepatitis C virus remains a health burden due to the lack of an effective vaccine, hindered by difficulties in replicating the native E1E2 antigen structure. Here, the authors engineer a stabilized E1E2 heterodimer using cryo-EM-guided modifications, enhancing immunogenicity and paving the way for future HCV vaccine development.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Converting methane into valuable chemicals is challenging due to its stable bonds and inefficient C–C coupling. Herein, a dual-site catalyst with high-valent metals to selectively converts methane to acetic acid with high efficiency and stability.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Improving crop yield very often comes at the cost of crop quality and stress resistance. Here, the authors report that gene editing of the thiamine pyrophosphate riboswitch in rice leads to elevated levels of various vitamins and phytonutrients, as well as resistance to cold and blast disease without penalty on grain yield.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Wang et al. introduce MicroSyn-X, a synthetic X-ray data generation framework that overcomes data scarcity in miniature medical devices, enabling robust deep learning-based tracking and real-time robotic navigation in challenging surgical settings.

Virtual nature exposure reduces self-reported pain and is associated with decreased brain responses linked to somatosensory and nociceptive processing, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of nature-induced analgesia.

The identification and optimization of bifunctional small-molecule protein degraders remain labor-intensive processes largely restricted to proteins with well-defined ligandable pockets. Here, the authors present a polymer-based strategy, HYbrid DegRAding Copolymer (HYDRAC): modular copolymers that densely display target-binding peptides in conjunction with peptide-based or small molecule-derived degrons in a multivalent fashion, enabling selective degradation of disease-relevant proteins.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

DIAMOND DeepClust provides an ultra-fast clustering method for organizing the protein universe of life at low sequence identity, enabling large-scale dimensionality reduction and improving downstream structure prediction with AlphaFold2.

A new platform making use of hexagonal boron nitride interfaced with the molecular superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF)₂Cu[N(CN)₂]Br is demonstrated for realizing cavity-altered materials, confirmed by magnetic force microscopy and nano-optical measurements.

New methods for targeted covalent protein modification at low reactivity aspartates and glutamates are of high interest. Here, the authors report a technique inspired by the HaloTag technology, which employs a covalent conjugation reaction between ligands with a reactive chloroalkane linker and a specific aspartic acid, and use it to covalently modify lipoprotein chaperone PDEδ at a binding site glutamic acid.

This research quantifies hospital admissions in Shanghai for mental and behavioral disorders linked to humid heat, projecting a 68.2% increase by the 2090s under high greenhouse gas emissions and emphasizing the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce future morbidity burdens.

The Zhang-Rice singlet is known for the superconductivity of high-temperature superconductors cuprate but is rarely studied for an electrochemical catalyst. Here, the authors use operando spectroscopic tools and observe Cu active site evolves into high-valent CuO₄ geometry with Cu³⁺ active species, so-called Zhang-Rice singlet state, during oxygen evolution reaction.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

A gas–liquid–solid triphasic etching strategy is demonstrated to obtain MXenes with uniform and tunable halogen terminations. The resulting MXenes have highly ordered structures, enhanced charge transport properties and programmable surface chemistry for advanced (opto)electronic applications.

Bistable superlattice switching between two lattice configurations with sharply contrasting periodicities has been observed in monolayer TaIrTe₄, a dual quantum spin Hall insulator.

Long Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) are linked to the core collapse of massive stars, and in many cases Type Ic supernovae. Here, the authors identify that the time-evolving emission line in GRB 221009A is consistent with Doppler-boosted 56Ni decay, providing insights into supernova nucleosynthesis and relativistic jet dynamics.

The authors report long-lived pump-induced conductivity suppression in metallic Ti₃C₂ MXenes using ultrafast terahertz and reflectance spectroscopy. The effect is attributed to strong photothermal heating and slow heat dissipation.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Layered van der Waals magnets like CrSBr, when sandwiched between electrodes form a natural magnetic tunnel junction, albeit lacking the characteristic nonmultiple volatile states at zero field of a magnetic memory. Here, Chen et al overcome this limitation to establish four nonvolatile states at zero field by constructing magnetic tunnel junctions out of twisted monolayers and bilayers of CrSBr with two twisted interfaces.

In targeted protein degradation, a degrader molecule brings a neosubstrate protein proximal to a hijacked E3 ligase for its ubiquitination. Here, pseudo-natural products derived from (−)-myrtanol—iDegs—are identified to inhibit and induce degradation of the immunomodulatory enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) by a distinct mechanism. iDegs prime apo-IDO1 ubiquitination and subsequent degradation using its native proteolytic pathway.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Information sampling is linked to core autism symptoms. Using computational models in a costly sampling task, this study shows autistic children rely less on cumulative and historical information, resulting in variable sampling and lower efficiency.

Mapping of the neutrophil compartment using single-cell transcriptional data from multiple physiological and patological states reveals its organizational architecture and how cell state dynamics and trajectories vary during health, inflammation and cancer.

Here the authors identify the fungal effector Hap1 as a key driver of maize leaf tumor growth. Hap1 rewires plant metabolism and the cell cycle via SnRK1 signaling, promoting starch accumulation and cell enlargement.

There are limited vaccines available for Ebola virus and none for broad protection from filoviruses. Here, the authors rationally design vaccines using nanoparticles and stabilized Ebola virus and other filovirus glycoproteins, characterize antibody epitopes and profile lymph node and antibody responses in mice.

Spectra decomposes gene expression data into interpretable programs using prior knowledge.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

The authors present electrical transport-based evidence of generalized Wigner crystal states in twisted bilayer MoSe₂ at fractional electron fillings ν = 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 8/9, 10/9, and 4/3, together with a Mott state at ν = 1. They further demonstrate continuous quantum melting transitions in a multi-parameter space of electron density, displacement and magnetic fields.

Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (ecDNAs) are prevalent in human cancers and are thought to drive tumor evolution and drug resistance by amplifying oncogenes. Here, authors develop ec3D to reconstruct three-dimensional ecDNA structures, revealing how their spatial organization rewires regulatory circuits.

Excitons are important excitations in solids with potential applications in quantum and spintronic technologies. The authors achieve bidirectional control of exciton energy in a twodimensional antiferromagnetic semiconductor via interfacial spin-exciton coupling.

The authors find, through experimental data and computational modeling, that altruistic acts stem from a motive cocktail of up to seven social and economic motives, whose strengths explain distinct behavior patterns across individuals and situations.

A general stereospecific glycosylation is developed that is applicable across a range of monosaccharides. A directing-group-on-leaving-group strategy allows mild donor activation and enables the complete inversion of anomeric configuration with excellent yields. This method can be applied in multistep oligosaccharide syntheses and automated glycan assembly.

The mechanisms of increased EPAS1 transcription in clear cell renal cell carcinoma remain to be explored. Here, the authors propose a regulatory circuitry of EPAS1 expression which is dependent on HIF and lineage-specific transcription factors.

OrganoidTracker 2.0 enables fast and accurate cell tracking in complex systems such as developing organoids. A key aspect of the work is determining cell tracks with error probabilities for any tracking feature, from cell cycles to lineage trees.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

In this work, the researchers realize the current-induced motion of Néel type chiral domain walls via spin-transfer-torque in the pristine van der Waals ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂ and via spin-orbit-torques in heterostructures with platinum or tungsten.

This study shows that many small RNAs in Capsella rubella pollen originate from maternal tissues. These mobile small RNAs support proper pollen development, revealing that non-cell-autonomous small RNAs are crucial for successful plant reproduction.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

It is shown that an a.c. field exponentially extends the lifetime of a prethermal time crystal realized with nuclear spins in diamond, enabling a narrowband detection of magnetic fields.

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

Cereal protein biofortification can improve nutrition while maintaining yield and lowering environmental impact. This Review shows how genetics and breeding can enhance protein quality in staple cereals to support healthier and more sustainable diets.

This study shows how the bacterial retron Eco2 defends against viruses. Phage nucleases trigger activation of Eco2, which cuts RNAs, shuts down protein production and stops phage replication.

The integration of high-κ dielectrics with low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) is crucial for the development of 2D transistors. Here, the authors report the low-temperature fabrication of wafer-scale HfO₂ dielectric films with sub-5-Å EOT and their application for the realization of high-performance 2D MoS₂ transistors and circuits.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

In this study, the authors identify two biologically distinct subtypes of adolescent major depressive disorder by analyzing interactions between sensory and higher-order association brain regions, offering new insights for the development of targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.