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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, was recently approved for patients with high-risk smoldering myeloma to prevent progression to overt myeloma. Here, the authors present results on a Phase II trial of daratumumab in patients of earlier stage to determine response and safety in that population.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells with high affinity for their targeted epitopes efficiently kill malignant cells at the expense of excessive and potentially harmful immune activation, while lower-affinity targeting shows a safer profile but compromises tumour cell killing. Here the authors show that the combination of high- and low-affinity CARs results in a T-cell product with maintained functionality while reducing cytokine release and CAR-T-cell exhaustion in mouse models.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

Recombinant proteins are a crucial product for basic science, biotechnology research, and biomanufacturing. Here, the authors develop a robust, low-cost, and high-yielding cell-free platform for protein production, decreasing cost per gram protein from ~$4,080 to ~$60 for multiple diverse products.

Here, Wulczynski et al. find fewer small-intestinal fiber-degrading bacteria in CeD patients, independent of the gluten-free diet, while inulin-supplemented diet in gluten-sensitized mice facilitates microbial saccharolytic function and SCFAs, accelerating mucosal healing in the small intestine.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Recombination can speed up adaptation by bringing beneficial alleles together. However, this study shows rapid adaptation in Threespine Stickleback fish depends more on the initial frequency of alleles and mating of key individuals than recombination.

As neuroscience increasingly recognizes that understanding the brain requires studying natural behavior, it has begun to adopt more naturalistic experimental environments as a means to that end — an important and welcome shift. Yet environmental realism alone does not guarantee that natural behavior is being studied and, in some cases, can create the illusion of ecological relevance or even promote unnatural behavior if the behavioral context is poorly aligned with a species’ ecology. Keeping sight of our central goal — understanding how brains support the actions animals evolved to perform — requires an ethological focus not only on where experiments occur, but on what animals are actually doing and whether the environment affords those behaviors.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

JWST phase-curve observations reveal that the two innermost TRAPPIST-1 planets emit thermal radiation consistent with bare rocky surfaces, indicating that both lack thick atmospheres.

Femtosecond pumping of an isotropic low-index subwavelength film enables ultrafast polarization control, with induced birefringence up to 0.1π μm⁻¹, a dichroic ratio of ~23% and a non-reciprocal optical activity of ±1.1° μm⁻¹.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells show inherently low antioxidant defenses, making them prone to lethal oxidative stress induced by thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) inhibitors. Here, authors demonstrate that activating NRF2 mediated tissue protection allows increased therapeutic dose of TXNRD1 inhibitors to enhances SCLC cell killing in vivo without added toxicity to healthy tissues.

Psychology studies are becoming more global, yet often rely on highly educated participants. The authors find, across 95 countries, that higher education predicts cultural similarity to WEIRD societies, such as the United States.

Assessment of how 16 taxonomic groups in a lowland tropical forest resist and recover from anthropogenic disturbance shows the potential of protecting naturally regenerating secondary forests to reverse biodiversity losses.

A new optical imaging study demonstrates that norepinephrine and the state of arousal influence hemodynamic correlations across cerebral cortex, calling for a conceptual shift in interpreting functional magnetic resonance imaging data.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

The impact of cooling through the Eocene-Oligocene transition on the marine biosphere is not well constrained. Here the authors construct a high-resolution record of foraminiferal species richness history spanning this transition that reveals differential diversity trends depending on foraminiferal habitat and life mode.

A low-cost, modular self-driving laboratory platform (RoboChem-Flex) is designed to democratize autonomous chemical experimentation. This platform combines customizable hardware with Python-based control software to make advanced Bayesian optimization more accessible. Photochemical, biocatalytic and thermal processes are demonstrated, showcasing a broad range of potential applications in both fully closed-loop and human-in-the-loop approaches.

Recently, the dose escalation stage of the GLORIA trial investigating NOX-A12 (L-RNA aptamer-based CXCL12 inhibitor) in combination with radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma was reported. Here, the authors report the preclinical rationale and an expansion arm of the GLORIA trial combining NOX-A12, radiotherapy and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Remote sensed information and population data for continental Africa are used to assess how migration acts as an adaptation response after drought event. The effect on mobility is amplified with drought frequency and poverty.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

In-flight observations show that the use of lean-burn combustion succeeds in reducing soot emissions from aircraft—yet contrail ice crystals still form and nucleate on volatile particles.

A single-cell multiomic atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface across pregnancy reveals cell types, states and spatial niches, developmental tissue architectures and transcriptional programmes, and identifies cell types with roles in pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth and miscarriage.

A brain–machine interface is used in monkeys to investigate the biophysical underpinnings of cortical high gamma-band activity, a signal that is often studied in the context of many brain functions.

As a key AI hardware foundation, state-of-the-art electronics still face core scalability and compatibility limitations. Pradhan et al. present a LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ heterostructure device integrating transistor, memristor, and memcapacitor, enabling complex circuits for reservoir computing and reconfigurable synaptic logic.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), a very rare and understudied sarcoma, presents serious challenges for both diagnosis and treatment. Here, the authors employ multi-omics profiling on 30 refractory DSRCT patients to improve the diagnosis and identify potentially actionable targets for individualized DSRCT treatment.

Genetic analyses in more than 15,000 individuals from across the Americas, including individuals with autism and family members, define the genetic landscape of autism in Latin American populations and identify significant overlap with other ancestries.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

The Human Development Multiomic Atlas catalogues single-cell accessibility and gene expression data from human fetal cells across 12 organs, enabling the inference of syntactic rules for motifs that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility during human development.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Synchrotron experiments show that the anomalous hyper-diffusive atomic motion in metallic glasses corresponds to a regime of medium-length-scale order, resulting from internal stresses developed throughout the glass transition.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

Researchers reveal that TNF alpha unmasks a metabolic impairment in the enteric malate-aspartate shuttle. This dysfunction acts as a key pathological bridge linking intestinal inflammation to the neurodegeneration seen in Parkinson’s disease.

Here authors show in a human stem cell–derived model, neural cultures from children with MPSIIIA exhibit hyperactive excitatory synapses associated with excitation–inhibition imbalance, altered network dynamics, and broad dysregulation of genes involved in synaptic homeostasis.

Here authors show Trisomy 21 alters fetal brain development by increasing activity of the RNA-editing enzyme ADARB1, leading to premature RNA editing of key genes involved in early synaptic signaling.

Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.

Over five years, implementation of the NHS England Lung Cancer Screening Programme achieved high early-stage detection rates and demonstrated that the programme is both feasible and scalable for reaching high-risk and underserved populations.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

It remains unclear why some BRCA-deficient high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) do not respond to platinum-based therapy. Here, multi-omic analysis of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient HGSC attributes co-occurring mutations, DNA repair deficiency and tumor microenvironment features to short survival in these patients.

Natural products inspire the development of pseudo-natural products through combinations of fragments of compound classes that are chemically and biologically distinct. Here, the authors report a library of 244 pseudo-natural products, evaluate them in the cell painting essays and identify the phenotypic role of individual fragments.

An analysis of rare disease cohorts from the UK, the USA, Italy and the Netherlands identifies a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by biallelic variants in RNU2-2. Individuals with this disorder have substantially reduced levels of U2-2 small nuclear RNA in blood.

Identification of genetic variants associated with the efficacy and side effects of GLP1 medications could underpin development of precision medicine approaches in the treatment of obesity.

The HIV-1 RNA-binding protein rev facilitates nuclear export of viral RNA. Here, the authors use native mass spectrometry to study the interactions between rev-derived peptides and rev response elements of HIV-1 RNA, providing mechanistic insights into rev recognition and recruitment.

Methane emission occurs in natural wetlands on a large scale, but the corresponding trace element emissions have not been studied. Here, the authors study selenium and arsenic emission in a pristine peatland and show that this causes large amounts of those trace elements to enter the biogeochemical cycle.

Using single-cell tissue imaging and spatial proteomics to study mitochondria–lipid droplet coupling in hepatocytes, PLIN5 phosphorylation is identified as a mediator of lipid flux and nutrient stress responses.

A dispersive sensing technique, termed the radiofrequency electron cascade, can perform singlet-triplet readout of two exchange-coupled electron spins in a natural silicon planar metal–oxide–semiconductor quantum-dot array.

Chromatin plays a central role in gene regulation, but chromatin systems are only known for a few model species. This study analyses chromatin regulatory landscapes in brown algal lineages to elucidate the structural organization and evolution of chromatin in these multicellular eukaryotes.