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This work presents a compact spectrometer using acoustic Brillouin scattering on a hybrid chip, achieving a 0.56 nm resolution in a 1 mm waveguide without an optical pump.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Isotropic tissue magnification is integrated with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to enable untargeted spatial proteomics at micrometre resolution and with high protein identification rates in multiple tissue types.

Realizing the 1.5 °C target could advance WHO Air Quality Guidelines compliance by decades, preventing over one million deaths and delivering significant benefits. The monetized health co-benefits will exceed mitigation costs in most regions.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

Dicarbofunctionalization of nonactivated alkenes is a simple way to rapidly build molecular complexity, but these transformations have not been extensively explore under metallaphotoredox conditions. Here, the authors develop a nickel/photoredox dual catalytic system for arylalkylation of alkenes.

Artatrovirenols A and B are two natural sesquiterpenoids with a complex tetracyclic backbone, and their chemical total synthesis is challenging. Here, the authors report a concise synthesis of artatrovirenols A and B in 9 and 8 steps, respectively, featuring a bioinspired [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction to construct the tetracyclic core.

This study integrates a nitrite-adsorbing ionophore into a copper/carbon nanotube electrified membrane, enabling ultrafast and highly selective ammonia production from low-concentration nitrate in real water sources. This cooperative adsorption approach tunes the local catalyst environment to achieve high activity, selectivity and stability without using precious metals or complex synthesis methods.

The key regulators driving intrinsic immune responses and neuropathic pain remain elusive. Here, the authors elucidate that ZFP612-mediated epigenetic disinhibition of Il1rl1 within the 3D genome in dorsal root ganglion neurons causes neuropathic pain.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Candida tropicalis is a cause of invasive candidiasis infection in humans that has been increasingly associated with azole drug resistance. In this study, the authors investigate the genetic basis for azole resistance through analysis of whole-genome sequencing and multilocus sequence typing data.

Wilms tumours are the most common malignant kidney tumour type in children, and their low mutational burden has impeded the development of targeted therapies. Here, the authors perform a proteogenomic characterisation of Wilms tumours, revealing molecular subtypes with different clinical features and identifying EHMT2 as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target.

In-depth understanding of organic crystalline semiconductor thin films is critical for the development of many electronic and photonic devices. Here, the authors use combined linear dichroism and polarization-resolved photoluminescence scanning microscopy to unveil the nature of excited states in such systems.

Strong nonlinear optical response of most thin layered materials is often narrowband, especially in the mid-infrared spectral range. Here, authors experimentally observe second harmonic generation in the range of 1.2-5.0 μm from Weyl semiconductor tellurium nanoflakes. The generation efficiency is shown to be two orders of magnitude larger than that of GaSe.

Pan et al. report an attention-inspired architecture for adaptive spatial-temporal information processing based on 0D-2D hetero-dimensional interface between MoS₂ and Ag filament. Wafer-scale device array is prepared for in-memory analog computing and applied to autonomous driving edge intelligence scenarios.

Copper is a CO₂ electroreduction catalyst consisting of at least two distinct active sites. Here, the authors report that the activities toward multicarbon products at these two sites can be independently tuned by modifying polyvinylpyridine to form distinct microenvironments.

A template-free magnetization strategy for inverse programming of hard-magnetic domains embedded in solvent-responsive hydrogel is reported using a photodosage-based printing method, achieving shape morphing into 3D curved surfaces under the actuation of a magnetic field.

The development of moderate magnetic hyperthermia (MH) for tumor ablation while concurrently restoring bone homeostasis shows potential for osteosarcoma (OS) therapy. Here this group combines magnetothermal nanoparticles with MH temperature-controlled borosilicate bioactive glass achieving OS cell impair while activating TNF signaling pathway for therapeutic purpose.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

ProtDAT is a unified cross-attention multi-modal protein design framework that generates protein sequences from descriptive text, yielding superior structural quality and functional similarity compared to current methods.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Characterizing the genetic architecture underlying egg production is important for chicken breeding. Here, the authors integrate RNA and whole-genome sequencing data to better understand the genetic regulation of egg production in chickens.

Analysis of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) by using whole-genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancer samples across 38 cancer types identifies hypermutated mtDNA cases, frequent somatic nuclear transfer of mtDNA and high variability of mtDNA copy number in many cancers.

DNA polymerase ζ (Pol ζ) maintains continuity but impairs accuracy during DNA replication. Here, the authors report a mechanism by which human cells precisely control the essential, yet mutagenic, activity of Pol ζ to ensure both continuation and fidelity during DNA replication challenges.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic, metabolomic and proteomic analyses of human liver samples highlight the role of lipid-associated macrophages in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

Mei (Prunus mume) is a woody tree that produces ornamental blossoms which symbolize spring in East Asia. Here, Zhang et al. resequence wild and domesticated mei to reveal considerable admixture and introgression from other Prunus species and identify loci associated with floral traits.

Targeting histone acetylation modulators (HAMPs) is a promising avenue of drug discovery in cancer research. Here, the authors integrate multi-dimensional genomic profiles to systematically investigate recurrent genomic alterations in HAMPs, identifying potential therapeutic targets for precision epigenetic treatment.

Inflammatory conditions often affect colorectal cancer patients, and their effect on their ongoing treatment is a pressing medical question. Here authors show that inflammation interferes with local anti-tumour immune response and inhibits response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy via immunosuppressive neutrophil leukocytes.

Ohmic contacts to n-type molybdenum disulfide can be created over a temperature range from millikelvins to 300 K using a window-contacted technique, which leads to evidence for fractional quantum Hall states at filling fractions of 4/5 and 2/5 in the lowest Landau levels of bilayer molybdenum disulfide devices.

The advent of isolated attosecond XUV pulse sources marks a new era in attosecond science, pivotal for the investigation of core electron dynamics. Here the authors discover that the coherent Raman coupling between the cation states leads to extra timedelay between different transition channels by applying the attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy on the investigation of complex dynamics of strong field ionization of Krypton.

In a model of acute kidney injury the authors show that Pannexin1 can mediate a leak of Calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum leading to mitochondrial calcium overload and pro-senescence signals, and ultimately driving fibrosis and kidney disease progression

Hydrogen from off-grid electrolysis could be China’s cheapest, near-carbon option by 2045–2050 -sooner with subsidies. Under current conditions, grid-connected systems show low-carbon benefits only in selected provinces.

On-demand access to information encoded in nucleotides lies at the heart of DNA/RNA applications. Here the authors develop a real-time method using nanopore sequencing, SUSTag-ORCtrL, to directly read DNA tags and access stored data without PCR.

This study reveals that wheat migration as a strategy for climate adaptation lacks sustainability in the North China Plain. Irrigation and fertilization management provide mitigation opportunities to reduce negative environmental impacts and avoid carbon leakage.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

Genes and circuits involved in sleep and sexual arousal have been extensively studied in Drosophila. Here the authors identify the sex determination genes fruitless and doublesex, and a sex-specific P1-DN1 neuronal feedback that governs the interaction between these competing behaviors

Studies of quantum oscillations provide a valuable probe into the electronic structure of topological semimetals. Matusiaket al. demonstrate that quantum features in ZrSiS can be probed with greater sensitivity using diffusive thermopower than magnetization and electrical resistivity approaches.

It remains difficult to identify non-trivial band topology through electronic transport in narrow-gap topological materials. Here, the authors demonstrate that an inverted band leads to a four-fold splitting of non-zero Landau levels and an anomalous zero Landau level peak in the density of states of ZrTe₅, hence can serve as an indicator to explore non-trivial topology.

DNA methylation data of whole blood from Han Chinese individuals are used to map mQTLs, finding that cis- and trans-mQTLs show distinct patterns of East Asians (EA) ancestry-specific colocalization with complex trait variation.

This study presents prime-editing-based inversion with enhanced performance, a prime editing-based system that enables efficient and precise genomic inversions from kilobase to chromosome scale, offering a powerful tool for chromosomal engineering, disease modeling and studying three-dimensional genome architecture.

This study quantitatively identifies contaminant loss as the dominant limitation for silica microcavity Q factors. Through laser polishing and thermal annealing, a record-high Q of 8.28 × 10⁹ is achieved, enabling fully stabilized soliton microcombs with >60.6 dB repetition-rate phase-noise suppression.

Ion transport in nanochannels is governed by distinct regions, including the ‘real first interface’ (RFI), whose role remains unclear. Here, the authors design a diblock DNA probe to isolate and reveal the charge-driven contribution of the RFI to ionic current regulation.