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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

The mechanisms driving reversible dedifferentiation events towards a drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state remain to be explored. Here, multi-omics, information-theoretic approaches and dynamic systems modelling highlight the role of the oxidative-stress–mediated NF-κB/RelA axis in driving the transition towards DTP across multiple cancer types.

Analyses of epidemiological, clinical and molecular data from a prospective cohort of 3,100 patients with esophageal carcinoma suggest intestinal metaplasia as a single precancer pathway preceding the disease.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Histone modifications, such as N^ε-lysine acetylation and methylation, play critical roles in regulating eukaryotic transcription. Now, the oxidation of acetyl-lysine to hydroxyacetyl-lysine of a select histone has been identified as a distinct modification catalysed by the human JmjC histone demethylase KDM3A, which plays a role in the cellular hypoxic response.

A first-in-human phase 1 trial shows that intravitreal photoswitch therapy can be administered safely in advanced retinitis pigmentosa, with exploratory signals compatible with light responsiveness following treatment.

Assessment of the physiological trade-offs between short- and medium-chain carboxylic acid-producing bacteria reveals strategies that could optimize valorization of organic waste streams.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

The genetically encoded voltage indicators JEDI3sub and JEDI3hyp enhance monitoring of subthreshold neuronal activity in the awake mouse brain using a variety of two-photon microscopy techniques.

Dutta et al. demonstrate that the tumor suppressor complex BRCA1–BARD1 physically interacts with the RNA–DNA helicase Senataxin (SETX) and upregulates the activity of SETX to resolve harmful R-loops crucial for the avoidance of transcription–replication conflicts.

Aspartate transcarbamylase has been studied as a textbook example of allostery for decades. Here, the authors show that the enzyme breathes like a flexible balloon, with symmetric nucleotide binding compressing or expanding it to regulate activity.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

mRNA–lipid-nanoparticle vaccines do not require type 1 conventional dendritic (cDC1) cells or the WDFY4-dependent cross-presentation pathway for CD8⁺ T cell priming but, instead, engage both cDC1 and cDC2 cells redundantly.

Coronary artery disease has several genetic risk factors. Here, the authors develop a model that combines germline and somatic genetic drivers to predict coronary artery disease risk, identifying high-risk individuals not detected by polygenic risk scores alone.

Two nationwide randomized controlled trials in England with over 4 million participants found that text messages highlighting that people had reached the ‘top of the queue’ increased COVID-19 vaccination rates.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

This study explores the EU’s 2040 climate target. Analysis of over 300 scenarios shows that an 80–93% emissions cut by 2040 (central estimate 86%) is cost efficient, requiring rapid wind and solar expansion, electrification, and limited carbon capture.

In this phase 1/2 trial, patients with Ewing sarcoma received trabectedin and low-dose irinotecan at concentrations known to inhibit the activity of the transcription factor EWS::FLI1, leading to encouraging clinical response rates.

Assessment of how 16 taxonomic groups in a lowland tropical forest resist and recover from anthropogenic disturbance shows the potential of protecting naturally regenerating secondary forests to reverse biodiversity losses.

A global analysis of 1,412 studies shows that one in five women and one in six men experienced sexual violence as children, highlighting the urgent need for evidence-based prevention and intervention programmes worldwide.

Wearable inertial and soft sensors combined with a lightweight learning-based fusion framework achieve long-duration, accurate three-dimensional tracking of shoulder motion with minimal calibration.

A single-cell multiomic atlas of the human maternal–fetal interface across pregnancy reveals cell types, states and spatial niches, developmental tissue architectures and transcriptional programmes, and identifies cell types with roles in pre-eclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth and miscarriage.

Markiewicz-Potoczny et al. report that the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway protects telomeres in the absence of core Shelterin component TRF2 by regulating the stability and abundance of TRF1 at telomeres.

In a phase 1 basket trial, the small interfering RNA zodasiran, targeting ANGPTL3, lowered triglycerides in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia and lowered both triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.

Appel et al. found that deceptive networks reached over 37 million Facebook and 3 million Instagram users during the 2020 US elections, with the majority of this exposure driven by 3 networks and amplified by ordinary users resharing the content.

Widely used, effective methods to prevent adhesions after digit flexor tendon injury are lacking. Here, authors develop a bioresorbable, supramolecular hydrogel as a lubricating barrier to preserve tendon biomechanics and improve functional recovery.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

Cellular responses to stimuli can involve learned behaviors through memory formation. Here, the authors show that cancer cells encode gene expression into cellular memories during therapy resistance via the transcription factor AP-1.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Identification of genetic variants associated with the efficacy and side effects of GLP1 medications could underpin development of precision medicine approaches in the treatment of obesity.

Magrinelli et al. link biallelic PSMF1 variants to phenotypes from parkinsonism to perinatal lethality, implicating proteasomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. PI31 loss in fly and mouse models causes age-dependent motor deficits and neurodegeneration.

The E3 ligase SCF^FBXO42 degrades holoenzyme-free PP2Ac in complex with the coiled-coil protein CCDC6 to maintain cancer cell fitness

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

An artificial intelligence system can produce research papers with minimal human involvement, even passing the first round of peer review for the workshop of a main machine learning conference.

Here authors show in a human stem cell–derived model, neural cultures from children with MPSIIIA exhibit hyperactive excitatory synapses associated with excitation–inhibition imbalance, altered network dynamics, and broad dysregulation of genes involved in synaptic homeostasis.

In vitro propagation of the pathogenic bacterium Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, leads to attenuated virulence and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) truncation. Here, Long et al. show that a strain considered to be avirulent (NMII) can be recovered from infected animals, and these isolates display increased virulence and an elongated LPS due to reversion of a 3-bp mutation in a gene.

Over five years, implementation of the NHS England Lung Cancer Screening Programme achieved high early-stage detection rates and demonstrated that the programme is both feasible and scalable for reaching high-risk and underserved populations.

Single-variant and ultrarare variant burden analyses leveraging exome sequencing data from 22 cohorts identify new risk genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and show cumulative effects of several rare variants on disease risk.

Stable and cell-specific transgene expression can be achieved through in vivo site-specific integration of large DNA payloads using a two-vector system of enveloped delivery vehicles and adeno-associated viruses.

Natural Killer cells are key mediators of anti-tumour immunosurveillance and anti-viral immunity. Here, the authors map regulatory genetic variation in primary Natural Killer cells, providing new insights into their role in human health and disease.

Frank et al. introduce Euclidean fast attention, a linear-scaling framework for 3D data. By leveraging Euclidean rotary encodings, the method overcomes the quadratic cost of standard attention to accurately capture long-range effects in physical systems.

In this phase 2 trial, combination treatment with elraglusib, a cell-permeable ATP-competitive inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP), in patients with previously untreated metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma led to prolonged overall survival compared with GnP only.

varVAMP is open-source software for designing primers for tiled-amplicon sequencing and qPCR. It simplifies primer design for viral pathogens with high genomic variability by including sequence variations into primer sequences.

An evaluation across 193 countries for the 2026 Global Action Plan update showed that countries with strong multisectoral governance and early surveillance adoption achieved long-term improvements in reducing antimicrobial resistance.

A series of spontaneously blinking dyes in the far-red range facilitate single-molecule localization microscopy. These dyes vary in their blinking properties and can be matched to the applications and microscopy modalities as needed.

Bacteria are able to covalently incorporate n:3 polyfluoroalkyl carboxylates into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol, two major components of bacterial lipid bilayers.