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Three-body low-energy s-wave states play an important role in few-body physics and associated universal phenomena, yet their experimental observation in nuclear system has been elusive. Here, the authors identify the three-body s-wave properties in neutron-rich ¹⁰He nuclei with improved statistics and sensitivities.

DNA damage burden and inadequate repair in CUX2⁺ cortical layer 2/3 excitatory neurons contributes to selective vulnerability in neuroinflammatory injury.

Preclinical studies have suggested that PARP inhibitors and anti-angiogenic therapy may favour response to immune checkpoint blockade in ovarian cancer. Here the authors report efficacy and translational data of a phase II trial of anti-PD-L1 durvalumab and cediranib (anti-angiogenic drug) with and without the PARP inhibitor olaparib in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

The gut microbiome-kidney crosstalk has been previously linked with metabolic and kidney diseases. Here, the authors show that microbial amino acid metabolism interacts with host kidney function to influence cardiorenal physiology in the early stages, with potential implications for long-term risk of cardiovascular disease in human populations.

Starburst galaxies are seen to host galaxy-scale winds, which are super-fast and could be powered entirely by the thermal pressure of gas heated by supernovae.

Using blood-based genome sequence data, non-genetic and genetic factors associated with control of Epstein–Barr virus during persistent infection are reported.

XRISM spectroscopy of the nucleus of the Circinus galaxy indicates elemental abundances suggestive of a dominant enrichment from core-collapse supernovae with progenitors below 20 solar masses; more massive stars may directly collapse into black holes.

Researchers show that a disease-causing Tau mutation disrupts the autophagy-lysosome pathway in human neurons, leading to Tau accumulation, and that enhancing autophagy can partially restore protein clearance.

Analysis of sequencing data from rare disease cohorts identifies biallelic variants in RNU2-2 underlying a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy associated with reduced U2-2 abundance and clinically distinct from the dominant RNU2-2 disorder.

A genetic study in over 300,000 males reveals that Y chromosome loss affects type 2 diabetes risk differently in East Asians and Europeans. Multi-omics data suggest that this may be due to impaired glucose metabolism in Y-deficient pancreatic β cells.

Integration of mosquito and non-human primate surveillance and viral metagenomics reveals yellow fever virus outbreak dynamics at an urban–forest interface in Brazil.

How animals detect external touch while their sensory organs are in constant motion remains unclear. Here, the authors show that specialized receptors in rat whisker follicles are structurally tuned to ignore self-motion and respond only to touch.

The electronic flat band in kagome lattices offers a promising platform for exploring electron-correlated and topological phenomena, yet its potential for device functionality remains underexplored. Here, the authors investigate Co₃Mo films, revealing enhanced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, large coercive field, and anomalous Hall effect mediated by kagome lattice flat bands close to the Fermi level, positioning Co₃Mo as a candidate for topological magnetic devices.

The factors contributing to the onset of Barrett’s esophagus, a precancerous stage of the highly lethal esophageal cancer, remain elusive. Here, the authors identify inherited mutations in the VSIG10L gene as a key etiologic determinant affecting esophageal biology and facilitating the development of Barrett’s esophagus.

Deep-learning models typically require large parameter spaces and extensive training data. Here the authors demonstrate that learning the fundamental biological rules of RNA base pairing can be achieved just from sequences alone (no need to train on structures) with surprisingly little data, and with a model with only 21 parameters.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Early-life exposure to allergens triggers a distinct local mode of dendritic cell activation in neonatal skin without requiring migration to lymph nodes, which shapes responses to allergens in later life.

Astrocytes can have protective or detrimental effects on neurons during injury, but the molecular mechanisms that determine these different states are unresolved. Here the authors identify a pathway via neuronal EphB1 that induces neuroprotective signalling in astrocytes through ephrin-B1 mediated STAT3 activation, which is impaired in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

The cell biological mechanisms that govern myelin sheath extension remain incompletely understood. Here, the authors find that calcium signaling in oligodendrocytes is required for the actin-dependent extension of myelin sheaths.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

A large cross-population atlas of gene–environment interactions reveals how age, sex and lifestyle shape genetic effects, heritability, prediction accuracy and disease biology, with implications for personalized medicine and drug development.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

The spike protein of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher affinity for ACE2 than Delta, and a marked change in its antigenicity increases Omicron’s evasion of therapeutic and vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies.

Kinematic measurements of the Perseus galaxy cluster reveal two drivers of gas motions: a small-scale driver in the inner core associated with black-hole feedback and a large-scale driver in the outer core powered by mergers.

Applications of optical laser-based techniques are limited by the long wavelengths of the lasers. Now, observations of phonons and thermal transport at nanometre length scales are reported with an all-hard X-ray transient-grating spectroscopy technique.

Researchers develop a new way to selectively remove ion channel proteins by recruiting the body’s own NEDD4-2 enzyme using custom nanobodies, offering a precise and general strategy for future drug development.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

Factors limiting CNS remyelination with age are poorly understood. Here the authors show that aged Treg lose capacity to support CNS remyelination in mice, which can be restored in a young environment.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Predicting the West Antarctic Ice Sheet's response to future warming is hindered by a lack of historical evidence. Here, based on geomorphological evidence from and cosmogenic dating of Ellsworth Mountains' deposits, the authors show that at least a regional ice sheet survived Pleistocene interglacial cycles.

The contribution of myelin plasticity to autism spectrum disorder remains poorly understood. Here authors demonstrate that mutations in Nlgn3 lead to hypomyelination and reduced parvalbumin interneuron activity, while enhancing myelination ameliorates autism-like sensory processing deficits.