Search

The molecular-level mechanism by which manganese enhances cobalt catalysts for Fischer−Tropsch synthesis (FTS) of long-chain hydrocarbons from syngas is not well understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that manganese promotes long-chain hydrocarbon production in Co-based FTS catalysts by binding H at basic O sites on MnO, reducing chain termination on Co and thus promoting C₅₊ products.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Insights into the mechanism by which phosphatidylserine functions as a non-classical inhibitory molecule during T cell exhaustion, and how phosphatidylserine-targeting antibodies enhance T cell responses are explored.

Analysis of ancient human genomes from a Neolithic collective gallery grave in northern France points to population discontinuity and turnover between the third and fourth millennium BC.

It remains unclear why some BRCA-deficient high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) do not respond to platinum-based therapy. Here, multi-omic analysis of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient HGSC attributes co-occurring mutations, DNA repair deficiency and tumor microenvironment features to short survival in these patients.

Baum et al. present a synthesis of field data, remote-sensed data, media reports and process-based modelling analyses examining the effects of the 2021 heatwave in western North America for 32 terrestrial and marine taxa as well as gross primary productivity, streamflow and wildfire activity.

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction is typically studied at laboratory scale under ambient conditions; however, temperature and pressure may have a profound impact on the mechanism of this reaction and on its relevance to industrial applications. This study uses a custom temperature- and pressure-adjustable cell to reveal a chain growth mechanism emerging on copper electrodes at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Using a hydrocarbon-soluble Mg⁰ complex, the heavier tetrel elements silicon, germanium, tin and lead are reduced to their ultimate negative oxidation state −IV. Despite fulfilling the octet rule, tetra-anionic tetrels are highly reactive anions which react as strong Brønsted bases, quadruple nucleophiles or eight-electron reducing agents.

TnpB endonucleases are engineered for improved genome editing.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

In the adrenal cortex, cholesterol used for steroid production is stored in lipid droplets. The authors demonstrate here the importance of the transcription factor HHEX in maintaining glucocorticoid levels and protecting lipid droplets from androgen-induced lipid depletion.

Here the authors report that brown adipocyte-derived vaspin reduces heat-producing activity in brown fat by blocking adrenergic signals, helping to regulate energy expenditure and maintain metabolic balance.

The contribution of ether lipid species in cancer cell fate has not been fully understood yet. Here the authors show that malignant cancer cells employ ether lipids to modulate membrane biophysical properties, enhancing iron endocytosis and ferroptosis susceptibility.

Here they demonstrate a therapeutic intervention elevating levels of CYP450-derived lipids to control the expansion of intermediate monocytes in tissue and peripheral blood, presenting a first in class therapeutic approach for treating chronic inflammatory disease.

Lead toxification in society is a public health crisis. The exposure to lead poisoning gives rise to a multitude of health issues. In this work, a chip-scale photonic platform that enables the highly quantitative detection of lead is demonstrated.

In a phase 1 trial, patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma who were treated with surgery and bespoke neoantigen mRNA vaccines combined with anti-PD-L1 and chemotherapy exhibited marked long-lived persistence of neoantigen-specific CD8⁺ T cell clones, which correlated with prolonged recurrence-free survival at a 3.2-year follow-up.

O-glycosylation is an abundant post-translational modification but its relevance for bioactive peptides is unclear. Here, the authors detect O-glycans on almost one third of the classified peptide hormones and show that O-glycosylation can modulate peptide half-lives and receptor activation properties.

In mouse and rat models of Parkinson’s disease, co-transplanting regulatory T cells (T_reg cells) improves the survival of grafted midbrain dopamine neurons in cell therapies by reducing the inflammatory response caused by surgical injury.

RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs) are critical regulators of RNA biology. Here, the authors describe the Brain-pCLAP methodology, uncover the RBP atlas of the mouse brain and demonstrate the differential binding of the splicing factor RBM5 to Huntington’s disease relevant transcripts in R6/2 mice.

It remains unknown why only some sickle cell disease (SCD) patients develop lung thrombosis. Here, the authors show that an extracellular vesicle-dependent mechanism prevents lung thrombosis in SCD and how a CD39 polymorphism impairs this protection to promote lung thrombosis in subset of patients.

Differentiating DCs express ALDH1A2, which produces retinoic acid and suppresses DC activity. Blocking this pathway with a new inhibitor, KyA33, enhances immune responses and boosts the effectiveness of DC cancer vaccines in mouse models.

The balance between radial progenitors and intermediate precursors to generate upper-layer neurons during the development and evolution of the cerebral cortex is mediated by members of the tuberous sclerosis complex.

This study presents a BRET biosensor that measures how anticancer drugs cooperatively engage PRMT5 complexes in cells, revealing how cellular metabolites such as SAM and MTA enhance drug action and enable precision therapies for MTAP-deleted tumors.

Studying many-body quantum chaos on current quantum hardware is hindered by noise and limited scalability. Now it is shown that a superconducting processor, combined with error mitigation, can accurately simulate dual-unitary circuit dynamics.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Thiorphan is identified as a new and effective drug treatment for spinal cord injury that can be adopted across nervous system disease states in the development of new therapies for human neurological disorders.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate key steps of cell division. Here, the authors perform a comprehensive RNAi imaging screen targeting more than 2,000 human lncRNAs, and suggest a role of chromatin-associated linc00899 in regulation of cell division by suppressing the transcription of microtubule-binding protein TPPP/p25.

While the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved outcomes in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), tumour that develop means of immune evasion become resistant. Here, the authors report that ERBB2 signalling induces loss of MHC Class I expression and subsequently immune evasion in preclinical models of SCLC.

In vivo gene editing hinges on identifying an ideal delivery vehicle from numerous candidates. Here, authors establish the GFP-on mouse model capable of translating successful adenine base editing to a fluorescent readout thus enabling the rapid evaluation of genome editing delivery vehicles.

Circular economy policies influence products, industries, and regions, and the proposed classification framework helps assess their impacts and guides policymakers to make informed decisions and achieve sustainable socioeconomic outcomes, according to a meta-analysis of 128 studies.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

The vagus nerve is known to promote rest and digest, to counter physiologic stresses. Here, authors show that insulin signaling plays a critical role in optimizing autonomic function to maintain metabolic and inflammatory homeostasis.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Here, the authors show that KDM2A regulates cell cycle progression, modulation of H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 chromatin states and gene repression which are critical for survival of differentiating spermatogonia. KDM2A regulates progression through meiosis as well.

Caspase 8 protein expression is largely absent in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Here, the authors generate a caspase 8 deletion SCLC mouse model and show that it promotes a neuronal progenitor-like cell state and pre-tumoral immunosuppression triggered by necroptosis that promotes metastasis.

DNA methylation profiling of 565 meningiomas highlights three groups associated with distinct molecular, clinical and therapeutic features.

Antscan is a publicly accessible database of synchrotron X-ray CT images of ants. The database covers almost 800 species from more than 200 genera and is coordinated with genome sequencing projects that will enable integrative analyses.

The direct contribution of aberrant epithelial cells to lung fibrosis is largely unknown. The authors use murine and human systems to identify how these cells activate fibroblasts, and how reciprocal signals cause them to enter a profibrotic state.

Using a non-human primate model, the authors identified the tissue sites of initial viral rebound after discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy, demonstrating that such rebound preferentially occurs in the gastrointestinal tract-associated lymphoid tissues.

Nuclear DNA damage downstream of mitochondrial ROS is often cited to contribute to cancer initiation and aging. However, here the authors show that although H₂O₂ induces DNA mutations when produced near DNA, it does not when released by mitochondria.