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Rare cancers can be challenging to diagnose from imaging due to limited data and previous expert experience. Here, the authors develop the PathPT framework to improve subtyping and tumour localisation.

Diverse AI models empower pathology, but varying downstream performance complicates selection and data barriers prevent joint pretraining. Here, authors propose Meta-Encoder, unifying multiple foundation models to achieve superior cancer detection and molecular predictions.

Mixed urinary incontinence troubles many patients worldwide but lacks effective therapies. Here, the authors present a wireless-powered soft bioelectronic implant to provide on-demand stimulation of the urethral sphincter, leading to improvement in both urge and stress urinary incontinence.

Phagocytic cells engulf bacteria as part of defence against infection, but intracellular bacteria could exploit these cells for transportation to new infection sites. Here the authors describe a neuroinvasion mechanism by which intracellular bacteria infect and metabolically transform a specific macrophage subtype, which then propagates and transports them through the blood-brain barrier without disrupting it.

Chern ferromagnetism is established in twisted bilayer MoTe₂ devices at large twist angles. Here, the authors observe evidence of antiferromagnetic ground states with zero Hall resistance at an intermediate twist angle around three degrees, demonstrating the sensitivity of the magnetic ground state.

RNase MRP is an essential ribonucleoprotein complex in eukaryotes. Here, authors describe how RNase MRP structurally and functionally diverged from RNase P, through specific RNA-protein adaptations, to evolve a novel ssRNA processing activity in eukaryotes.

Difelikefalin is an FDA-approved KOR-targeted drug for chronic pruritus yet exhibits side effects. Here, researchers solve cryo-EM structure of difelikefalin KOR-Gi, identifying Y320^7.43 as a key bias residue. Substituting D-Phe1 with β-phenylalanine develops beta01 which retains analgesic/antipruritic efficacy via a unique receptor conformation that reduces adverse effects.

Immune-related adverse effects often hinder targeted therapies, such as severe diarrhoea caused by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment. Here authors show that EGFR inhibition induces diarrhoea via changes in the jejunal chemokine milieu, facilitating migration of T and B lymphocytes from Peyer’s patches to the jejunum, which results in inhibited intestinal stem cell proliferation via IFN-γ-induced JAK/STAT signalling.

The Hippo pathway relies on TEAD transcription factors, but how TEAD4 dynamically engages DNA was unclear. Here, the authors show that TEAD4 multimerisation stabilizes DNA binding and YAP recruitment, with VGLL4 modulating this process in a stoichiometry‑dependent manner.

Despite the success of CAR T cell-based immunotherapies, patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) face a high risk of recurrence. Here, the authors report clinical outcomes of a phaseI/II study on refractory NHL patients treated with anti-CD19-anti-CD20 CAR T cell product epigenetically reprogrammed with decitabine and CAR T cel properties. In addition, they investigate the persistence and fate of the CAR T cell product, indicating the acquisition of memory-like features, maintained cytotoxicity and reduced exhaustion signature.

Wang et al. report dual cationic imidazole ligands to control perovskite dimensionality, from 0D to parallel 1D, and bridged 1D structures. Bridged 1D/3D perovskite heterostructure enables solar cells with certified efficiency of 27.02% and 30×30 cm² solar modules with efficiency of 21.41%.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii inhibits PD-L1 trafficking to boost anti-tumour immunity and potentiate anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy during colorectal cancer.

Microbial biosynthesis of monoterpene esters remains a major challenge due to the limited repertoire of highly selective alcohol acyltransferases (AATs). Here the authors discovered and engineered AATs for various monoterpene esters using a dual-substrate microbial platform.

This randomized open-label trial shows that hemoadsorption combined with hemodialysis reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage kidney disease compared to hemodialysis (mainly low-flux hemodialysis plus intermittent hemodiafiltration) alone.

Superionic conductors are typically engineered from static crystal structures. Here, authors present how flexible polyanion rotations induce dynamic disorder in lithium sublattice, enabling liquid-like ion diffusion and enhanced ionic conductivity.

Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy involves impaired clearance of dead cardiomyocyte by cardiac macrophages, which exacerbates heart damage. Here, the authors show that enhancing the MARCH2- NR1H2 pathway improves this cleanup process and may represent a new treatment strategy.

Developing high-performance organic ferromagnetic semiconductors is hindered by the coupling between radical generation and molecular assembly during synthesis. Here, the authors use topochemical reduction to enable radical generation in pre-ordered perylene diimide films, maintaining their long-range order and achieving room temperature ferromagnetism and semiconducting behaviour

Metabolic reprogramming toward glycolysis is a hallmark of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, but the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here the authors show that the adipokine, asprosin, drives hypertrophic metabolic remodeling by stabilizing PFKP and activating a YY1–asprosin–PFKP–PDK4–PDH axis.

A hallmark of the interaction between flat band and dispersive band states in quantum materials is the flat band resonance. Here, the authors report the observation of a flat band resonance in the kagome bilayer material CsCr₆Sb₆ originating from the doublet kagome bands of the bilayer unit.

The properties of small-sized carbon dots have been exploited to generate theranostic agents for bioimaging and imaging-guided cancer therapies. Here the authors report the design and characterization of D-π-A sensitized carbon dots for type-I/II photodynamic therapy (PDT), showing PDT-induced anti-tumor activity in preclinical models.

The authors show that the leucine metabolic enzyme AUH promotes fat burn and protects against obesity. AUH drives thermogenesis via Ucp1 mRNA stabilization and PPARγ modification via metabolite HMG-CoA, linking amino acid metabolism to weight regulation.

Bacteria employ diverse nucleases to defend against viruses. Here, authors characterize Upx, a single-protein, dual-nuclease system, and reveal that a specific phage protein relieves auto-inhibition to activate its antiviral function.

Molecular ferroelectrics are promising for human interfaced high frequency acoustic sensing, though existing ferroelectric materials are often brittle making them impractical for sensors. Here the authors describe a stretchable ferroelectric material, using trimethylchloromethyl ammonium cadmium chloride and polyurethane electrospun for high-accuracy speech recognition under stretching.

This work presents a quantum-cutting heterostructure that emits tunable near-infrared light (900-2200 nm) under ultralow-power excitation. It enables AI-assisted multiplexed gas detection, offering a scalable strategy for broadband NIR light sources

The manuscript describes two pathogenic mutations in GTPBP3 that cause defects in mitochondrial tRNA taurine modification, mitochondrial translation, structure and function. Mutant mice reproduce certain clinical features seen in patients and this can be reversed by virus-mediated exogenous expression of Gtpbp3.

A “confined molecular encapsulation” strategy enables one-step fabrication of biomimetic ion-selective membranes. The in-situ formed MOFs with tunable sizes facilitate highly precise ion differentiation.

Authors demonstrate layer-selective conductor–insulator transitions in twisted bilayer graphene driven by hydrogenation, realising an electrochemical interface with two decoupled 2D electron gases that enables configurable logic gates.

Activating endogenous cardiomyocyte proliferation holds great therapeutic promise for cardiac repair. Here, the authors find that RBM22 overcomes the epigenetic obstacles of cardiomyocyte proliferation by recruiting SMARCA4 to promote chromatin accessibility at cell cycle gene promoters, establishing it as a potential therapeutic target for cardiac regeneration.

The authors reveal intrinsic long-range-order noncollinear electric dipole order in the van der Waals crystal WO₂Br₂, enabling pressure-driven 90° polarization rotation via multiple transition pathways and distinctive ultrafast phonon dynamics.

Plasmons in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) benefit from high quality factors but the modulation of their dispersion relation remains challenging. Here the authors report the observation of hybrid plasmon-phonon polaritons in CNT arrays coupled with 2D hexagonal boron nitride, showing frequency-dependent topological transitions and whispering-gallery modes.

Electrically modulated metasurfaces manipulate light fields but suffer from high operating voltages, low tuning sensitivity, and a reliance on telecommunication bands. This work shows designs of electrically modulated plasmonic metasurfaces that enable continuous and reversible wavelength modulation with a tuning sensitivity up to ~ 1 nm/V at a CMOS-compatible voltage below 5 V in the visible and near-infrared light regime.

Traditional nanopore sensors use barrel-shaped protein channels. Here, the authors report on a study into the use of globular protein, ferritin, as a nanopore sensor, demonstrating membrane insertion and sensor application, showing the potential of non-barrel-shaped proteins for nanopore sensing.

Mitochondrial genomes of bilateral animals exhibit high variability in architectural rearrangement rates, but the reason for this disparity remains unknown. This study provides evidence that purifying selection mediated by locomotory capacity and species ecology is a major driver of mitogenomic architectural evolution.

Current thermal wax refining methods are energy intensive. Here, the authors report a photothermal process using a nanoscale zero-valent iron catalyst and sunlight to refine low-grade waxes into high-grade waxes with narrow distributions.

Inborn errors of cell death (IECD) with autoinflammatory manifestations could be induced by excessive T cell death. Here the authors characterize IECD patients with autoinflammatory manifestations who possess overactive RIPK1 variants which promote T cell death, secretion of TNF and IFN-γ along with activation of monocytes and macrophages which promotes further autoinflammation.

The α-C–C cleavage of ketones provides a versatile route for C–C bond formation but remains challenging, particularly for selective cross-coupling between distinct ketones. Here the authors report a nickel- and photocatalysis-enabled deacylative coupling via bimolecular homolytic substitution to forge diverse C(sp³)–C(sp³) bonds.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

cf-EpiTracing enables automated profiling of histone modifications in cell-free DNA from human plasma, allowing identification of the cells of origin and disease diagnosis.

The MoSi₂N₄ family is an emerging class of van der Waals materials with interesting properties. Here, the authors report a systematic characterization of point defects in monolayer WSi₂N₄ and MoSi₂N₄, showing their influence on the electronic properties of the materials.

Both endogenous and exogenous signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here, the authors uncover that endogenous VEGF signaling safeguards pluripotency and prevents extra-embryonic differentiation in primed hESCs via activation of transcription factor NANOG and suppression of BMP signaling activity.

As Nature Climate Change celebrates its 15 year anniversary, we look back at some of the journal’s published works. In this Viewpoint, seven early-career researchers discuss how these papers influenced their research and careers.

Zinc isotopes in basalts along a 1,100-km transect of the Gakkel Ridge record widespread mantle recycling of surface carbonates via ancient oceanic subduction, explaining the unusually carbon-rich nature of the Arctic asthenosphere.

Here the authors show that microtubules guide the spatial distribution of cellulose synthase complexes in cotton fibers and produce a gradient of cellulose microfibrils that creates patterned cell wall mechanics that support tip-biased elongation.

Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are essential to generate effective anti-tumor immune responses; however, they are often dysfunctional within the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors report that the impaired function of cDCs in late-stage tumors is associated with a reduction of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), suggesting strategies to augment PPP as a therapeutic option to increase cDC-mediated anti-tumor response.

Studying RNA in cellular condensates requires precise tools. Here, the authors developed an orthogonal RNA aptamer system for simultaneous RNA visualization and targeted degradation, revealing new roles for specific RNAs in stress granule and NP body dynamics.

How do avian eyes fulfill the intense metabolic activity of thick, high-acuity retinas in the absence of direct vascular support? The study finds that birds’ rapid, oscillating saccadic eye movements pump glucose from the pecten to the avascular retina, sustaining nutrient supply and boosting visual responses in the brain; especially when driven by dynamic visual stimuli.

Tight regulation of thymic T cell development is critical for immune homeostasis and leukemia prevention. Here, the authors identify USP10 as a MYC-induced deubiquitinase stabilizing SOX4 in early T cell development and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression, while USP10 inhibition delays leukemogenesis in mice.

This study reveals that Amphotericin B activates glucocerebrosidase to remodel late endosomal lipid and protein composition, promoting respiratory viral entry. This highlights a risk of secondary viral infections during antifungal therapy.

AlphaFold’s success in protein structure predictions has led to similar attempts to predict interactomes. Here, the authors demonstrate that AI-based screens are very limited in discovering truly novel interactions compared to experimental screens, exposing open challenges in interaction prediction.