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Sixteen crystal structures of the non-heme iron enzyme Rv0097 reveal how protein motions are orchestrated in the two-step, α-ketoglutarate-dependent, biosynthesis of isonitrile functional groups from substrate glycyl moieties.

Kang, Lazo de la Vega et al. introduce iCatalog, a precision oncology reporting tool developed to address the needs of a large multi-institutional pediatric study. iCatalog combines a database for patient, sample, and genomic data to enable clinical interpretation of patient-level tumor profiling results.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing profiling of human retinal samples from diverse ancestries create an epitranscriptomic atlas characterizing over 130 cell types. Integration with genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci data provides further insights into gene regulation and disease etiology.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

Reverse iontophoresis offers non-invasive extraction of interstitial fluid but it has proven hard to be used for glucose monitoring. Here, the authors establish the mechanism by which skin surface pH modulates RI through zeta potential changes of keratin, supported by theoretical analysis and numerical simulations

This study proposes a p-block metal coordination strategy to engineer the single-atom Fe sites for improving the selectivity of Fe^IV = O generation in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based Fenton-like reactions

Counterintuitively, the presence of water is found to improve the performance of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes.

The authors identify one emerging H2N2 AIV, reveal the molecular basis of human-type receptor binding of the H2N2 AIV and pandemic strains, and evaluate the public risk of H2N2 AIV by its infection, transmission and mammalian-adaptation features.

In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, the authors examine whether the combination of transcranial direct current stimulation and exposure–response prevention (ERP) is more effective than ERP alone at improving OCD symptoms.

The sodium storage mechanism of K-containing polyanion compounds is intricate and unclear. Here, the authors reveal that the residual K⁺ pillars uphold K-containing polyanion structure upon sodium storage, enabling long-term cycling stability.

Here the authors immobilize quaternary ammonium cations on the surface of Cu catalyst to suppress the carbonate precipitation, achieving a Faradaic efficiency of 50% for ethylene product at 200 mA/cm² from CO₂ electroreduction.

Guan et al. report a simple yet multifunctional molecule which enables direct, photoresist-free patterning of quantum dots under ambient conditions. This advance leads to over 20% efficiency for patterned QLEDs and full-color active-matrix displays, offering a practical route to next-generation display manufacturing.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Volcanic activity played a key role in driving glacial–interglacial/nonglacial cycles by altering global carbon and sulfur cycles, with sulfur emissions causing cooling and possible glaciation, and carbon emissions leading to warming and potential deglaciation, according to integrated Hg–C–S geochemistry of the Lower Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Junggar Basin, China.

A solid-phase hot-pressing method is introduced, which can rapidly produce highly crystalline covalent organic framework platelets in a convenient, solvent-free manner. Fifteen platelets of various linkage types are produced, with a proof-of-concept demonstration of the resulting high-performing platelet type in an atmospheric water harvesting device.

Compact laser-wakefield-driven X-ray sources show promise but suffer from poor conversion efficiency. New research demonstrates high-yield, hard X-rays generated by using carbon nanotube targets, instead of gases.

Authors report on organic molecule called DQPZ-3PXZ that can stably store 5 counter ions during redox reaction and thus can be simultaneously used to construct three symmetric batteries with stable lifespan.

The significance of precatalyst activation and its impact on electrolyte properties in water electrocatalysis is crucial but often overlooked. The authors report an efficient transition metal catalyst for hydrogen production by manipulating both precatalyst reconstruction and electrolyte composition.

The negative electrode reversibility limits the lifespan of Zn metal batteries. Here, authors report an aqueous electrolyte with a reverse micelle structure that improves the reversibility of the Zn metal anode enabling the production of an ampere-hour-level pouch cell with five months lifetime.

Current vaccines are less efficient in preventing infection. Here, the authors show that an intranasal vaccine (DelNS1-RBD) based on a live attenuated influenza virus induces robust levels of neutralizing antibodies and T cells and prevents replication of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants in respiratory tissues.

Surface reconstruction caused by adsorbate evolution mechanism leads to poor oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Here, the authors introduce a hydroxy-silicon proton acceptor as OER catalyst which greatly accelerates the deprotonation process in OER and prolong the cycle life of zinc-ion batteries.

Achieving low charge overpotential in Li-O₂ batteries is critical yet highly challenging. Here, the authors report an orbital reconstruction strategy to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics by employing PdCo nanosheets, improving charge kinetics and energy conversion efficiency.

Difficulties in elucidating active sites and the role of the support hamper the development of high-efficiency two-electron oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. Here, the authors develop hybrid single-atom catalysts by rational experimental and theoretical screening for hydrogen peroxide production.

Chromatin topology can impact gene regulation. Here, Wu et al. show that evolutionary changes in chromatin structure, particularly CTCF loops, can drive distinct transcriptional landscapes and isoform diversity contributing to human-specific traits.

AspCl doping in Sn–Pb perovskite solar cells improves their performance and stability.

Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of kidney failure in the world and cellular insulin resistance is an important driver of this disease. Here, Lay et al identify multiple insulin-resistance driven “common” and “cell-specific” kidney cell pathways and molecules that may be good therapeutic and biomarker targets.

Heat extremes threaten the health of urban residents with particularly strong impacts from day–night sustained heat. Observation and simulation data across eastern China show increasing risks of compound events attributed to anthropogenic emissions and urbanization.

Producing light olefins from polyethylene (PE) is challenging. This study reveals a PE self-confined cracking mechanism over zeolites, achieving exceptional olefin yields (>70%) independent of zeolite properties, enabling efficient plastic recycling.

The molecular and cellular causes of glaucoma are not well understood. Here, the authors integrate GWAS with genetic regulation and single cell expression from multiple eye tissues to identify genes and key cell types that affect glaucoma pathogenesis.

In a first-in-human trial of a triple combination of broadly neutralizing antibodies in people living with HIV, 83% of participants maintained virologic suppression for the duration of antibody therapy, with 42% showing virologic suppression for at least 38–44 weeks, despite the decline of serum antibody concentrations to low or undetectable levels.

The H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) remain dominant in live poultry markets in China, and H9N2 AIVs with HA-Q226L, PB2-V/K627 and NP-N52 mutations can be transmitted between guinea pigs and between ferrets via direct contact and respiratory droplet.

CD47 blockade can trigger T cell-mediated destruction of immunogenic tumors. Here the authors show that, by reprograming tumor cell metabolism toward OXPHOS for ATP production, tumor cell-intrinsic type I IFN signaling is required for CD47-SIRPa blockade efficacy.

High-quality genomes and single-cell atlases of auditory cortices from microbat and megabat species identify neuronal populations related to ultrasound perception and implicate complexin-1 as a key component of ultrasound transmission in mammals.

The stability of perovskite solar cell remains the biggest challenge that hinders its commercialization. Here Li et al. incorporate crosslinkable molecules to form a crosslinked perovskite film and increase the device operational stability by 590 times to 400 h under standard Xenon lamp without filters.

Genetic testing is crucial for precision cancer medicine. Here, the authors develop a one-pot ERA-CRISPR assay to detect variable same-site indels, using an engineered AsCas12a variant with improved mismatch tolerance and broadened PAM scope.

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial young adults with chronic diarrhea were randomized into treatment and placebo groups to evaluate the effects of the probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P9 strain administraiton. The primary endpoint was the diarrhea symptom severity score. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses reveal a modest yet statistically significant reduction in diarrhea severity.

2D materials are known for their ability to remove heavy metal ions from water, however their adsorption mechanism is not well-understood. Here the authors prepared metallic 1T/1T′ phase 2D transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets, with activated sulfur sites, for rapid removal of Pb²⁺ ions.