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Efficient electrical control of domain walls underpins fast, low-energy magnetic memories. Wu et al report field-free domain wall velocities of 1 km s⁻¹ at 20 MA cm⁻² in ferrimagnetic NiCo₂O₄, arising from giant nonadiabatic spin-transfer torque.

Electrically modulated metasurfaces manipulate light fields but suffer from high operating voltages, low tuning sensitivity, and a reliance on telecommunication bands. This work shows designs of electrically modulated plasmonic metasurfaces that enable continuous and reversible wavelength modulation with a tuning sensitivity up to ~ 1 nm/V at a CMOS-compatible voltage below 5 V in the visible and near-infrared light regime.

Ischemic stroke involves complex peripheral and central pathologies. Here, authors develop a spatially tiered strategy using dual stiffness nanoparticles for compartment-specific drug delivery, offering a synergistic treatment paradigm.

The electronic behaviour of complex oxides such as LaNiO₃ depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, making it challenging to identify microscopic mechanisms. Here the authors demonstrate the influence of oxygen vacancies on the thickness-dependent metal-insulator transition of LaNiO₃ films.

Preclinical studies have suggested that PARP inhibitors and anti-angiogenic therapy may favour response to immune checkpoint blockade in ovarian cancer. Here the authors report efficacy and translational data of a phase II trial of anti-PD-L1 durvalumab and cediranib (anti-angiogenic drug) with and without the PARP inhibitor olaparib in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

It remains unclear how opponent serotonin and dopamine signals regulate striatal activity to exert opposing effects on behavior. This study reveals how the complement of serotonin and dopamine receptors expressed by cells in the striatum enable the two neuromodulators to exert opposing functions during reward learning.

Room-temperature multiferroic materials are highly demanded for designing next-generation of spintronic devices. Here, the authors demonstrate an emergent room-temperature ferrimagnetism and polar phase in highly strained La₂CoRuO₆ epitaxial films through engineered 3d−4d cation ordering.

This study from Wei-Guang Li, Tian-Le Xu and colleagues shows that neuropeptide Y released by specific hippocampal inhibitory neurons can switch fear memories into extinction memories by acting on two distinct receptor-defined neuron populations.

Aerogel fibers face intrinsic trade-offs between mechanical robustness and thermal insulation. Here, the authors report ion-mediated, attenuated Coulombic assembly of recyclable heterocyclic aramid nanofibers to programmatically control hierarchical pore structure achieving high tensile strength and ultralow thermal conductivity.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

This study uses the inception loop framework to map neuronal invariances in mouse V1, revealing a bipartite receptive-field organization linked to segmentation and a synaptic-level hierarchy of increasing invariance supported by the MICrONS dataset.

The microwave-to-optical transduction between two superconducting circuits over a 1-km telecom link is implemented. The transduced signal preserves classical coherence with the original microwave signal, showing the feasibility of microwave distribution via optical carriers.

The authors present evidence for the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectricity and superconductivity at amorphous LaAlO3/KTaO3(111) interfaces. Furthermore, flipping ferroelectric polarization reduces interfacial conductivity by more than 1000 times, and simultaneously suppresses superconductivity

In this work, Wu et al. develop and present PolyCLOVER, a framework that integrates multi-stage learning, active learning, and high-throughput experimentation to iteratively discover potent, low-toxicity polymeric antibiotics without relying on external labelled data.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise in tumour immunotherapy but resistance has been seen. Here using pre-treatment hepatocellular carcinoma patient biopsies from patients scheduled for immunotherapy, the authors implicate BCL9 and show that a BCL9-targeting peptide promotes anti-tumour immunity in mouse models through targeting macrophages and promoting anti-tumour T cell responses.

Turley, Buechler and colleagues show that dermatopontin-expressing fibroblasts provide CSF1 to form a supportive niche for skin-resident macrophages. This interaction is important for skin tissue architecture and wound healing.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Conventional carbon synthesis is energy intensive. Here, the authors introduce an energy-autonomous pathway using polyaniline-HClO₄ composites. This rapid reaction yields carbon nanosheets with tunable active sites for electrocatalysis.

Fracto-mechanoluminescence is the emission of light from fracturing solids. Here, the authors show that this emission in Mn halides arises from elastic stiffness, electromechanical coupling, and trap states that activate Mn²⁺ d−d transitions.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

The authors report suspended Lamb-wave resonators using sub-100 nm ultrathin lithium niobate, achieving resonant frequencies of nearly 220 GHz-doubling prior records and holding exciting prospects for terahertz nanomechanics.

Mitochondrial superoxide production is shown to preserve nuclear envelope integrity by controlling lipid peroxidation, with impact on nuclear and organismal ageing in C. elegans.

The authors study a topological insulator (TI) sandwiched between two magnetic TIs. By keeping one of the magnetic TIs insulating, while tuning the other one into a metallic regime, they find half quantized anomalous Hall conductance, a boundary signature consistent with a quantized axion field.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Risk associated with genetically defined forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can propagate by means of transcriptional regulation to affect convergently dysregulated pathways, providing insight into the convergent impact of ASD genetic risk on human neurodevelopment.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses of polycystic ovary syndrome in women of East Asian and European ancestries identify 94 independent susceptibility regions, including 73 novel loci.

A hidden Markov model that uses probabilistic retrospective inference allows for up to one month of unsupervised recalibration in an online cursor-based intracortical brain–machine interface.

Language models can write human-readable code that captures general design rules, generating whole families of quantum experiments at once. A design strategy described here makes results interpretable and scalable, as well as accelerates discovery.

Replacing animal feathers and wool with synthetic materials can ameliorate the ethical and environmental issues associated with the production of clothing designed to retain warmth. Here the authors present synthetic nanofibre textiles that combine wearability, comfort, lightness and thermal insulation.

Industrial hydrogen production in acidic media is constrained by high overpotential and poor durability. Here, the authors report plasma-enhanced deposition of nanoedge enriched molybdenum oxycarbide electrocatalysts that enable efficient, durable, and high throughput hydrogen evolution.

This study demonstrates that resting-state fMRI networks can rapidly reconfigure in response to a single, 10-ms thalamic neural population activity input, revealing how brain networks mediate fast neural information flow and processing.

It is unclear how often genetic mosaicism of chromosome X arises. Here, the authors examine women with cancer and cancer-free controls and show that X chromosome mosaicism occurs more frequently than on autosomes, especially on the inactive X chromosome, but is not linked to non-haematologic cancer risk

Li et al. reveal projection neuron-type-specific dynamics that coordinate corticothalamic communication during reach-to-consume behavior in mice.

PerioGT is a self-supervised learning framework for polymer property prediction, integrating periodicity priors and additional conditions to enhance generalization under data scarcity and enable broad applicability.

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

NbN/AlN/NbN qubits prepared by atomic layer deposition allow for precise control of the tunnelling barrier and stable operation beyond the temperature limit of aluminium-based devices.

Williams et al. report a growth arrest mechanism in residual cancer persister cells through targeted therapy-induced upregulation of type I interferon signalling, which is negatively regulated by apoptotic DNA endonuclease DFFB to allow tumour relapse.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Thermal stability remains a key challenge for organic photovoltaics. Qin et al. now propose a strategy that stabilizes multiple components of the devices, enhancing their resilience under damp heat and thermal cycling conditions.