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Progression-free survival with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors remains suboptimal in EGFR L858R-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), highlighting the need for strategies to delay resistance. Here this group reports a single-arm, phase II study evaluating first-line double-dose firmonertinib in 33 patients with L858R-mutated locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC.

Bioresorbable piezoelectric materials are key for bioelectronic–tissue integration but remain challenging to realize. Here, the authors develop flexible Rochelle salt/PLLA nanofibers that enable effective nerve regeneration and wireless monitoring of intestinal motility.

This study demonstrates that the reduced serum serine in patients with chemotherapy or women with poor sleep, is linked to the decline of ovarian function. Serine supplementation prevented ovarian damage in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, without affecting chemotherapy efficacy.

Conventional organic polymeric resists and chemical solutions used in microlithographic techniques can damage sensitive materials. Here, the authors report the application of inorganic selenium molecules as a lithographic mediator and encapsulation layer during the processing of various sensitive materials, such as perovskites and black phosphorus.

To overcome inefficient recycling of carbon fibre waste, the authors develop a rapid, commercially attractive solid-flames upcycling technique that converts waste fibres into graphene-grafted carbon fibres and graphene powders.

The mechanisms and kinetics behind the anti-sintering behavior of supported metal nanoparticles under ultrafast heating remain unclear. Here, in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy and theoretical analysis reveal an ultrafast-heating–induced metastable state that suppresses thermal sintering while enhancing crystallinity of the metal nanoparticles and their interfaces.

Tumor-associated macrophages play central roles in the cellular immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors implicate the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 in glioma progression by regulation of the ISG15/FASN modulated lipid metabolism in macrophage.

Climate change is altering how plants balance carbon gain and water loss. This study maps global leaf-level water-use efficiency over the past two decades, showing it is highest in regions that are cold or dry, increasing worldwide, and strongly influenced by atmospheric dryness.

Metal-cation-free CO₂ electroreduction in strong acid minimizes reactant loss and salt precipitation yet struggles with CO₂ activation and hydrogen evolution competition. Here, the authors report bioinspired sharp gold triangles with a proton-blocking layer that polarize CO₂ and suppress hydrogen evolution.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Cryogenic transport measurements of CsV₃Sb₅ nanobeams show a zero-field Josephson diode effect and radio-frequency rectification with power-dependent quantized voltage output.

The mechanism of transitions in sex determination systems are often poorly understood. This study looks at the amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri, and finds repeated transpositions of the gene tesD have created new sex-determining regions, driving turnover of the sex determination system.

Strong paramagnetism is generated in hydrogels rich in carbon–oxygen double bonds simply by coupling with diamagnetic Ca cations. These paramagnetic hydrogels are applied as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and magnetic drug carriers.

Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

Using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry and quantum chemistry, this study uncovers a previously missing process by which aldehydes in engine combustion form organic acids, a finding critical for accurate emissions modelling and mitigation strategies.

Multislice electron ptychography reveals that gradient-distributed ions induce progressive lattice distortions from bulk to surface, driving monoclinic γ-WO3 electrochromic materials to transform into tetragonal and cubic phases and forming the gradient-distributed colour centers.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

This study provides structural insight into the dynamic catalytic mechanism of OsSPS3, a key enzyme in plastoquinone-9 biosynthesis. OsFBN5 enhances the activity of the OsSPS3 dimer by shifting its catalytic mechanism from alternating to synchronous.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

Si, Dong, Xing and colleagues present ReTagX, a bright and compact array tag that restores photobleached signals via reversible and fluorogenic labelling, enabling long-term and high-resolution imaging of protein dynamics in living cells.

Chen et al. identify a brain-to-bone communication axis whereby extracellular vesicles from aged brain neurons transport WDFY1 protein to distal bone, driving bone-fat imbalance and promoting osteoporosis.

Reducing the embodied carbon emissions of building material stock is essential for mitigation. Using a high-resolution multiyear dataset in China, researchers show the historically massive contributions of these emissions during past decades of rapid urbanization and the potential risks for future climate goals.

A peptide-based PD-L1-targeted nanorobot disrupts cancer cell membranes via pH-responsive fibril formation, and enhances T cell infiltration and immune activation, inducing a potent anticancer response in animal models of colorectal cancer.

Therapeutic suppressor tRNAs are engineered to broaden their target range in vivo.

Chemical language models trained on known metabolites can identify previously unknown metabolites from mass spectrometry-based metabolomics data with high accuracy.

Here, combining data from a clinical trial and animal models, the authors show a role for a gut-acylcarnitine axis in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension, and identify isovalerylcarnitine as a key microbiota-derived modulator and potential target for the precision prevention of hypertension.

Hu and colleagues show how biologically informed representations clarify TGF-β driven EMT regulation, highlighting phase-specific coupling in either G1 or G2/M of the cell cycle.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Xu et al. report that CDK10 drives immune evasion by reducing nucleic acid sensors-mediated innate immune response in tumor cells and that its inhibition improves response to immune-checkpoint blockade in preclinical cancer models.

By integrating NMR and cryo-EM, this study resolves how the bacterial flagellar filament assembles despite a symmetry mismatch, revealing that ultra-weak interactions and a rotary cap mediated mechanism enable processive elongation.

This study introduces ChemAHNet, a deep learning model that predicts stereoselectivity and absolute configurations in the asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins with two prochiral centers, providing a broadly applicable tool for catalyst and substrate design.

By unifying ultra-high optical gain and broadband electro-optic dynamics in an Er-doped lithium niobate thin-film platform, the authors demonstrate an exciting monolithic integration of amplification and modulation on a compact photonic chip. This exciting work showcases record performance for on-chip amplifiers while enabling self-amplified 50 Gbps digital encoding and pre-amplified RF front-end signal recovery.

Next-generation autonomous systems call for robust perception capabilities in diverse environments. Dun et al. report an ultraviolet-to-mid-infrared photosynapse array with 65,536 pixels and efficient in situ processing capabilities for dynamic trajectory recognition under challenging conditions.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with enhanced risk to develop endometrial cancer (EC). Here, the authors show that oleic acid, increased in MS, promotes endometrial cancer by supporting the stability of the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism ODC1 and polyamine accumulation.

Bulk superconductivity has been observed up to 96 K in pressurized bilayer nickelate single crystals which were synthesized under ambient pressure.

Avena fatua (wild oat) is a herbicide resistant weed species for many crops worldwide. Here, the authors report its genome assembly, reveal evolutionary history through population genetics analyses, and identify expanded GST genes in conferring herbicide resistance.

This study presents LoopID, which profiles proteins at targeted interacting enhancer–promoter (E-P) pairs, identifying the histone demethylase JMJD2 as a regulator of E-P interactions through biomolecular condensate formation independent of its catalytic activity.

The rapid degradation during operation of perovskite solar cells may be caused by the limited durability of passivation by ammonium-terminated ligands. Here, the authors reveal the depassivation mechanism of perovskites induced by violet/ultraviolet light, validated in cells with 26.44% efficiency

We report the first experimental demonstration of a topological photonic Dirac vortex mode in terahertz fiber, enabling unprecedented broadband single-mode single-polarization transmission.

The study demonstrates a cost-effective hyperspectral tomography system for continuous monitoring of ozone and its precursors, using drones and light-emitting diodes. It provides high-resolution, all-day data, aiding in understanding pollution dynamics and identifying pollution sources.

Access to clean water is crucial, especially in underdeveloped areas. Here, authors develop electrically conductive membranes using carbon nanotubes and poly(vinylidene fluoride), achieving higher water permeance and improved antifouling, reducing costs and energy use

The extreme hot and dry conditions of 2023 reduced soil respiration and enhanced net forest carbon sequestration in Canada, offsetting wildfire emissions, according to satellite-based and in situ observations of CO₂ fluxes.

The heat shock protein GP96 has been utilized as a potent adjuvant in vaccine formulations. Here, the authors present a viral vaccine platform based on the design of SARS-CoV-2 and HPV antigens fused to the N-terminus of GP96 and show that this vaccine design favor intact antigen delivery to the lymph nodes and induces potent long-term humoral and T cell responses after mice immunization

In mitochondria transplantation, the limited activity and yield of mitochondria constrain their clinical application for mitochondrial diseases. Here, authors develop a method for producing mitochondria-enriched extracellular vesicles, which offer high-quality, abundant mitochondrial material for transplantation.

Previous studies on biodistribution of microplastics showed discrepancies. This study provides quantitative data to date on how nanoplastics distribute and eliminate from the body using carbon-14-radiolabelled particles in rats.