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Eroglu et al. report that epicardial progenitor cells expressing the tight junction protein CLDN6 give rise to cardiomyocytes to contribute to cardiac muscle regeneration following heart injury in salamanders.

Genomic analyses of heartworms from multiple continents suggest a deeper evolutionary origin in canids than previously recognised, with evidence of both ancient dispersal events and more recent introductions linked to human movement.

The authors demonstrate boiling suppression in a water film confined within nano/micro-structured surfaces, enabling steam generation at the boiling point without bubble formation. Leveraging this discovery, they develop a dew-point evaporative cooler capable of reducing hot air from 437 °C to 23 °C.

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the survival of drug tolerant persister cells following chemotherapy remains elusive. Here, multi-omics analysis and experimental approaches show that the germ-cell-specific H3K4 methyltransferase PRDM9 promotes metabolic rewiring in glioblastoma stem cells.

Semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, may offer neuroprotective benefits after stroke, but its effects in large vessel occlusion (LVO) are unknown. Here the authors show, in a phase 2 randomized trial, that semaglutide is safe after endovascular therapy and may improve recovery in patients not receiving intravenous thrombolysis.

Lagerpetids, bipedal archosaurs that are thought to be related to dinosaurs, are instead a sister group to pterosaurs, and although they have no obvious flight adaptations they share numerous synapomorphies with pterosaurs across the entire skeleton.

Mutation profiling of pediatric cancers can help determine treatment options, however, large-scale datasets are rare. Here, the authors describe an institutional application of targeted sequencing to pediatric solid tumours, and identify potential therapeutic implications for identified mutations.

Current polygenic risk scores for prostate cancer do not leverage biological mechanisms and remain inadequate for patients with African ancestry. Here, the authors employ a deep learning model to identify 2,407 non-coding polymorphisms with greater frequency in African American individuals that may affect enhancer activity in prostate cancer-related pathways, leading to more accurate polygenic risk scores.

Xenotransplantation of a genetically edited pig kidney with a thymic autograft into a brain-dead human for 61 days with immunosuppression resulted in stable kidney function without proteinuria, and xenograft rejection was treated and reversed by the end of the study.

This study examined auditory predictive processing at the single-neuron level in the inferior colliculus of genetic and environmental rat models of autism. Authors identified sex- and etiology-dependent alterations across auditory midbrain divisions, revealing early differences in sensory computations.

Functionally distinct T-cell populations can be generated from T cells that received the same stimulation by altering the viscoelasticity of their surrounding extracellular matrix.

The authors previously pinpointed OLAH (oleoyl-ACP-hydrolase) as a driver of life-threatening viral diseases. Here, the authors identify increased IL-18Rα expression on CD8⁺ T cells, which acquire a reduced cytotoxic signature, correlates with severe respiratory viral infection of influenza A virus, RSV and COVID-19.

The authors analyse rare protein-coding genetic variants for association with 18,780 traits in the UK Biobank cohort.

Yang et al. show that transcription–replication collisions lead to large tandem duplications, which are frequent in female-enriched, upper gastrointestinal tract and prostate cancers and are associated with poor survival and mutations in specific genes, such as CDK12.

Functional CRISPR screens in patient-matched pre-treatment and post-treatment glioblastoma models identify the PTP4A–ROBO1 axis as a driver of tumorigenicity and enriched ROBO1 expression in recurrent glioblastoma that can be targeted with CAR T cell therapy.

As Nature Aging celebrates its fifth anniversary, the journal asks some of the researchers who contributed to the journal early on to reflect on the past and the future of aging and age-related disease research, the impact of the field on human health now and in the future, and what challenges need to be addressed to ensure sustained progress.

An orally bioavailable small-molecule active-site inhibitor of the phosphatases PTPN2 and PTPN1, ABBV-CLS-484, demonstrates immunotherapeutic efficacy in mouse models of cancer resistant to PD-1 blockade.

During filamentous growth in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, a reduction in ribosome concentration leads to a decrease in macromolecular crowding. Inhibition of ribosome biogenesis can trigger filamentous growth in this pathogen.

An effective CRISPR RNA occlusion strategy enhances mismatch detection when using Cas13.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Biodegradable plastics could help reduce plastic waste pollution, but their role in the global plastic industry and environmental impacts remains unclear. This Perspective evaluates their contribution to plastic waste accumulation, greenhouse gas emissions, aquatic ecotoxicity, cumulative energy demand and water footprint through 2050.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Analysis of species distribution models in a pan-African database comprising chronometrically dated archaeological sites over the past 120,000 years shows major expansion in the human niche from 70 ka, driven by adaptation to diverse habitats.

The variability in clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection is partly due to deficiencies in production or response to type I interferons (IFN). Here, the authors describe a FIP200-dependent lysosomal degradation pathway, independent of canonical autophagy and type I IFN, that restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication, offering insights into critical COVID-19 pneumonia mechanisms.

K11/K48 branched ubiquitin chains regulate protein degradation and cell cycle progression. Here, the authors report the structural basis of how such a branched ubiquitin chain is recognized by the human 26S proteasome, revealing a multivalent binding mode that underlies selective recognition.

Cardiac fibrosis arises from persistent myofibroblast activity. This study reveals how chromatin factors control scar-forming cells in the heart and shows that inhibiting KAT5 can reduce harmful cardiac fibrosis.

A combination of genome-wide functional screening, imaging and chromatin profiling identifies a new class of highly prevalent genomic elements that help retain extrachromosomal DNA copies in dividing cells and persist across generations.

In this Consensus Statement, an international panel of experts present an overview of the latest developments in the field of cholangiocarcinoma. A set of consensus recommendations and research priorities is provided.

Glutaredoxins are small redox proteins that use glutathione as a cofactor. In maize, a glutaredoxin named MSCA1 controls the activity of transcription factor FASCIATED EAR4 through dimerization, regulating inflorescence meristem development.

Retinal morphology is emerging as a key biomarker for disease. Here, using AI to create a high-resolution map of retinal thickness from optical coherence tomography images, the authors demonstrate spatial associations with genetic variation, metabolites and disease, with the parafovea showing the highest enrichment

How reduced blood flow plays a role in progressive white matter loss during aging and associated cognitive decline is unclear. Here the authors show that selective constriction and rarefaction of capillary–venous networks contribute to age-related hypoperfusion and white matter damage in mice.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

The molecular mechanisms underlying tumour initiation remain elusive. Here, the authors use spatiotemporally controlled oncogene activation and tumour suppressor inhibition with multi-omics to unveil the role of YAP-mediated oral epithelial progenitor cell reprogramming into tumour-initiating cells.

The detection and modelling of nine X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions from a nearby tidal disruption event shows that these eruptions arise in accretion disks around massive black holes, left behind by tidally disrupted stars, and that an orbiting body colliding with this disk is a plausible explanation for the X-ray variability.

Gain-of-function perturbation screens across 488 barcoded cell lines identify context-specific activation lethalities. The authors show that cells with MAPK, PI3K and WNT pathway activation are vulnerable to mutations that lead to further activation, suggesting a new strategy for treating tumors driven by these oncogenic pathways.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Genetic circuits can be engineered to generate predefined outcomes, however host context is a crucial factor in performance. Here the authors characterise twenty NOT gates in seven different bacteria to understand and predict interoperability and portability across hosts.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XEC variant, a recombinant of JN.1 progeny, shows increased viral fitness and pathogenicity. Here, the authors show that the nucleocapsid mutation R204P enhances inflammation and suggest a growing role of non-spike mutations in viral evolution.

There is an unmet clinical need for simple, accessible biomarkers to select patients who are more likely to respond to immune checkpoint therapy. Here the authors show that a lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with better overall and progressive-free survival, as well as higher rate of response, in a multi-cancer cohort of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Cancer and aging are associated with each other, but underlying mechanisms contributing to this correlation are unclear. Here the authors identify a dysfunctional T cell state that is distinct from typical T cell exhaustion and only occurs in the tumor microenvironment during later life.

Nguyen et al. show that the splenic environment provides sequential signals via lymphotoxin and retinoic acid that guide cDC2A development and retention.

Rudensky and colleagues demonstrate a context-dependent differential requirement for Foxp3 for T_reg cell transcriptional and functional programs.

The enzyme ABHD18 is shown to have a key role in cardiolipin metabolism in mitochondria, offering a potential route for a small-molecule treatment of the rare genetic disease Barth syndrome.

Analyses of strain-resolved metagenomics with isolate sequencing data of skin samples from residents at nursing homes suggest that skin is a reservoir for Candida auris and other multidrug-resistant bacterial species.