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A soft robotic probe enables continuous in utero monitoring of fetal physiological parameters, including heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, temperature and electrocardiogram data, during open or fetoscopic surgery to provide real-time information on fetal condition and distress.

To preserve tumour architecture, cellular heterogeneity and the dynamic crosstalk that influences cancer, Fong and colleagues advocate for coordinated, cross-disciplinary and sustained efforts to promote the widespread adoption of tumour explants.

Transcriptomic screening identifies pairs of cell-surface proteins that mediate repulsive interactions between axons and dendrites of non-cognate partner neurons, thereby contributing to correct synaptic partner matching.

Here, the authors present Gut Phage Biobank (GPB), containing 104 isolates that target abundant or disease-associated gut bacteria, revealing extensive viral diversity, and provide in vivo evidence for their effects in modulating the microbiome with potential therapeutic applications.

In Drosophila, changing the expression of a small set of cell-surface proteins in just one type of olfactory neuron rewires its connections almost entirely to a new postsynaptic partner neuron type, altering the fly’s odour response and courtship behaviour.

Photo-rechargable energy storage cells can provide plug-free power for various applications. Here the authors integrate a photo-absorbing dye complex with LiFePO₄nanocrystals as a lithium-ion battery cathode in a two-electrode system demonstrating its photo-charging and galvanostatic discharging.

Mg-Li alloys are attractive for their low density, yet typically suffer from limited strength and rapid corrosion. Here, both these issues are addressed in a Mg-Li-Al alloy by friction stir processing followed by liquid CO₂ quenching, resulting in a durable microstructure.

The immune-checkpoint molecule TIM-3 regulates microglial homeostasis, and its microglial-specific deletion reduced cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.

Genetic variants can affect protein function and promote tumour progression by driving aberrant subcellular localization. Here, the authors characterise potential shuttling-attacking mutations (SAMs) across cancers using a deep learning model and experimental validation, and find how SAMs disrupt critical signalling interactions involved in cancer progression.

The APOE4 allele is a major genetic risk factor for the development of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this manuscript, Butovsky and colleagues suggest that APOE4 impairs the microglial response in AD by inducing TGFβ-mediated checkpoints.

Biocompatible core–shell quantum dots and superconducting nanowire single-photon detector enable non-invasive one-photon excitation fluorescence imaging at 1,880 nm for in vivo imaging at 1,100 μm depth.

Light-sheet microscopy in the NIR-II window enables rapid volumetric imaging of tissues at impressive depths in vivo without invasive preparations owing to the reduced light scattering and tissue autofluorescence at these wavelengths.

Comparative analysis of whole-genome sequencing of six zokor species that live at different altitudes show the contribution of deletions and inversions to adaptation to high altitude in these subterranean rodents.

Biocompatible rare-earth nanoparticles with an emission maximum at 1,600 nm enable sensitive in vivo imaging.

This study presents a stable and efficient photoelectrochemical system for nitrate reduction to ammonia using metal catalysts on GaN/Si photoelectrodes, offering valuable insights into catalyst design for sustainable ammonia production driven by solar energy.

Yin et al. identify miR-155–IFN-γ signaling that regulates a protective microglial subset in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. These microglia enhance plaque compaction, reduce dystrophic neurites and synaptic degradation, and improve cognition.

Here, the authors introduce optical phase change materials based on Ge-Sb-Se-Te which breaks the coupling between refractive index and optical loss allowing low-loss performance benefits. They demonstrate low losses in nonvolatile photonic circuits and electrical pixelated switching have been demonstrated.

The gut microbiota and microglia play critical roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, the authors show that Bacteroides fragilis contributes to AD pathogenesis in mouse models by suppressing immune-mediated microglial clearance of amyloid beta.

Regenerative heart valve prostheses rely on interactive materials that can adapt to the remodeling process, but these materials are often based on complex designs. Using 1,1’-thiocarbonyldiimidazole chemistry, the authors propose a double network hydrogel formulation for heart valve regeneration.

A designed copper alloy with Ni₂MnSn nano-magnetic Heusler phases exhibits a yield strength of up to 1.5 GPa, and the attenuation degree of electromagnetic waves reaches 110 dB within the frequency range of 10 kHz to 3 GHz.

Challenges with brine management often result in the abandonment of desalination project plans. Minimizing or eliminating brine discharges from desalination plants can enable a wider adoption of a technology that is needed as climate change stretches fresh water supplies.

How soybean, a temperate origin crop, adapted to a tropical environment remains unclear. Here, the authors report Tof16, an ortholog of LHY, and the previously identified J locus, control soybean yield under short-day condition and loss of function of these two genes contributes to the adaptation to tropics.

Patients undergoing treatment with PD-1 blockade can experience inflammatory arthritis as an adverse event. Here, the authors use single-cell RNA sequencing to identify IL1B^hi macrophages in PD-1-inhibitor-induced arthritis, but not rheumatoid arthritis.

The leaf out advancement across temperate China increases nonerosive precipitation but decreases erosive one, sharpening the heterogeneity of moisture gradients, as revealed by remote sensing, reanalysis data and a coupled land-atmosphere model.

Here, authors present PhenoSV, a phenotype-aware machine-learning model for the functional interpretation of various types of structural variants (SVs) and genes within or outside SVs, facilitating the extraction of biological insights from coding and noncoding SVs.

RAB17 and LMO4 modulate ferroptosis by regulating GPX4 expression through the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway.

A multimodal model for the stratification of breast cancer risk based on clinical metadata, mammography and trimodal ultrasound images performed as well as or better than radiologists at tumour classification and at differential diagnosis.

Multiplexed imaging of three types of infrared-light-emitting nanoparticle allows for the tracking of a nanoparticle-based cancer vaccine and of the elicited responses from intratumoural antigen-specific T lymphocytes in mice.

Human motions often contain information that is useful for orthopedic/neural disease diagnosis, rehabilitation, and prevention. Here, the authors show a badge-reel-like stretch sensing device with a grating-structured triboelectric nanogenerator for joints/spine bending or stretching sensing.

Fluorescent tracers facilitate the identification and subsequent collection of tumour draining lymph node biopsies, enabling important clinical assessment. Here, the authors present a molecular gold nanocluster NIR-II fluorescent imaging probe and demonstrate its utility to visualise draining lymph nodes in breast and colon cancer mouse models.

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has substantial impacts on the global climate. This Review outlines ENSO relationships with Africa, outlining their dynamics, impacts on precipitation and projected changes in the future.

Mid-IR optics can require exotic materials or complicated processing, which can result in high cost and inferior quality. Here the authors report the demonstration of high-efficiency mid-IR transmissive lenses based on dielectric Huygens metasurface, showing diffraction limited focusing and imaging performance.

Renewable biomass conversion may afford high-value products from common materials, but catalysts usually require expensive metals and exhibit poor selectivities. Here, authors employ nickel-iron oxide and nitride electrocatalysts to produce H₂ and to convert glucose to glucaric acid selectively.

Imaging in the second near-infrared window has attracted attention due to superior penetration depth and low signal interference. Here, the authors describe a new organic nano fluorophore with high quantum yield and demonstrate its use for in vivo imaging.