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It is unclear whether the linkage between tree species richness and insect herbivory is consistent across climates and forest types. Here, the authors analyse data from forest biodiversity experiments to show a generally positive tree growth–insect herbivory relationship that is modulated by leaf traits.

The genetically encoded sensor hCRAFi-CCR2 enables detection of chemokines binding to the CCR2 receptor, such as the main ligand CCL2 but also CCL7, CCL8, CCL13 and CXCL1. The sensor’s capabilities are demonstrated in cell culture and in various mouse models in vivo.

Various policy instruments are proposed to meet mitigation targets, yet the synergistic and trade-off effects of interactions are less understood. With rich scenarios of policy mixes, the authors demonstrate that in most cases these interactions will delay the achievement of carbon targets in China.

Photonic memristor arrays fabricated from hexagonal boron nitride/silicon heterostructures provide a scalable, silicon-compatible solution for artificial vision systems, featuring broad spectral reconfigurability and promising performance characteristics.

Viruses exploit host cell machinery for replication, but their spatial cues remain elusive. Using nanochip-enabled membrane shaping, the authors discover saddle curvature association of viral proteins, revealing a new spatial regulation mechanism.

The full exploitation of back contact silicon solar cells is crucial to achieve a high performance for potential industrialization. Here, authors incorporate a double-sided light management strategy to reduce optical losses, achieving a total-area efficiency of 27.03% for 350 cm2 solar cells.

Whether multimorbidity accelerates brain Aβ deposition in humans remains largely unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that higher self-reported multimorbidity burden predicts increased brain Aβ accumulation rates in the ADNI cohort.

Optineurin is linked to ALS and glaucoma, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors show that optineurin mutation causes deficits in axonal mitochondria transport and neurodegeneration, enhancing of which achieves axon protection and regeneration.

Monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) contributes to DNA replication but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors identify a conserved tandem Tudor domain of BAHCC1 as a H4K20me1-specific reader, which promotes the recruitment of MCM complex to chromatin for efficient DNA replication.

The transcription factor CREM is a pivotal regulator of NK cell function, making CREM a valuable target to increase the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapies based on this cell population and chimeric antigen receptors.

Metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane and methanogenesis, mediated by a diverse microbial community, drove iron-mineral transformation and may have aided ice sheet melting, according to analysis of Sturtian iron formations from South China

A method for de novo design of peptide macrocyles called RFpeptides has been developed. RFpeptides is an extension of RoseTTAFold2 and RFdiffusion and combines structure prediction and protein backbone generation for rapid and custom design of macrocyclic peptide binders.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The understanding of the “enhanced permeability retention” (EPR) effect which enables cancer nanocarriers to penetrate solid tumors remains controversial. Here this group evaluates a range of intravenously injectable lipid-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles exploring the role of proteins attached to the surface of nanoparticles in transcytosis-dominant cancer drug delivery.

NICER is a broad-spectrum nanovaccine based on a nanovesicle system that can induce an effective immune response via epigenetic regulation to target both cancer stem-like cells and bulk tumour cells to prevent tumour recurrence.

Lipid particles loaded with RNA coding for tumour-unspecific antigens can enhance early responses of type-I interferons, mediating the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as epitope spreading.

Wireless bioresorbable stimulators are promising therapeutic implants that naturally dissolve after use. Here, the authors developed a device that operates for months and enables simultaneous multi-site stimulation, preventing early muscle atrophy and accelerating reinnervation in nerve injury models.

A cost-effective all-in-one halide cathode material with high energy density and exceptional cycling stability can be used to achieve energy-dense, durable cathodes for the next generation of all-solid-state batteries.

Liu and colleagues examine how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants evade CD8⁺ T cell epitope recognition.

Our understanding of how post-translational modification—protein phosphorylation—impacts the complexity of eukaryotic signalling pathways is continuously expanding. Now, protein oligophosphorylation has been characterized as an additional phosphorylation mode. Structural and mass spectrometry methods revealed that NME1 catalysed its own oligophosphorylation, leading to altered protein–protein interactions.

Many diseases are caused by single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, the authors present CRISPR base editors that use the base excision machinery for single-base transversions.

Topsoil nitrogen stocks declined over a ten-year field warming experiment in a permafrost ecosystem due to enhanced plant nitrogen uptake, nitrogen leaching and gaseous losses, suggesting that permafrost soil nitrogen stocks are vulnerable to warming.

Here the authors spatially map human pediatric low-grade gliomas using imaging mass cytometry, focusing on immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations and their functionality in tumor–immune interactions and tumor progression.

We show that gain-of-function cancer mutations in the KBTBD4 E3 ligase promote neodegradation of substrates via a shape-complementarity-based mechanism, which converges with the mechanism of action of the UM171 molecular glue degrader and can be blocked by HDAC1/2 inhibitors.

Silencing of endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs) is mediated by KAP1. Here, the authors describe the molecular mechanism by which KAP1 induces structural reorganization and multimerization of HP1α and maintains inaccessible chromatin at ERVs in mouse embryonic stem cells.

A neural network model improves time-lapse super-resolution imaging of live cells.

In a prespecified interim analysis of the randomized, double-blind phase 3 COMPASSION-15 trial, patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric/GEJ cancer treated with the anti-PD-L1/CTLA-4 bispecific Ab cadonilimab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with patients treated with placebo plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment.

S-acylation of adipose triacylglyceride lipase, the rate-limiting enzyme of lipolysis, is shown to be required for lipolysis and lipid droplet homoeostasis in mice.

A long-lived photoinduced metastable state in a quasi-one-dimensional cuprate, Sr₁₄Cu₂₄O₄₁, is reported.

Ziwen Liu et al. report Cytoland, an approach to train robust models to virtually stain landmark organelles of cells and address the generalization gap of current models. The training pipeline, models and datasets are shared under open-source permissive licences.

Allele-preferential transcription factor binding can influence pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma risk loci function. Here, the authors show allele-specific JunB and JunD binding at chr1p36.33 and propose a role for KLHL17 in protein homeostasis by mitigating inflammation.

In situ spectroscopic analysis of operating solid oxide electrochemical cells has proved to be difficult owing to high-vacuum requirements. Ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on single-chamber cells now suggests that surface reaction kinetics and electron transport on the electrodes are co-limiting processes.

Catalytic asymmetric dearomatizations of electronically unbiased naphthalenes remains a long-standing challenge in organic chemistry. Here, the authors describe a silver-mediated enantioselective aza-electrophilic dearomatization approach that couples readily accessible vinylnaphthalenes in conjunction with azodicarboxylates to afford chiral polyheterocycles via formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions.

Preparing room temperature phosphorescent materials from biomass is important but challenging. Here, the authors report the use of liquid monomer 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate for dissolution of lignin and subsequent solvent-free preparation of lignin-based RTP materials.

Ruthenium-based catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction under high current exhibit poor stability. Here, authors develop a doped ruthenium oxide nanocrystal, which improves water splitting performance by stabilizing lattice oxygen and limiting the ruthenium site valence oscillation.

In Drosophila and mouse models of cancer cachexia, Liu et al. show that tumour-derived cytokines induce hepatic gluconeogenesis, which in turn leads to dysregulation of metabolism and drives cancer cachexia.

Particle bombardment is a widely used tool for plant genetic engineering, but its low efficiency has been a bottleneck since its commercialization. Here, the authors design a flow guiding barrel to modulate particle and gas flow dynamics inside the gene gun and show its ability to enhance plant transformation efficiency.

Heusler compounds have been predicted to host topological order with other emergent properties, which yet awaits for experimental evidence. Here, Liu et al. report a direct observation of topological surface states on half-Heusler compounds LnPtBi.