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Perineural invasion and cancer-induced nerve injury of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which can be reversed by combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-inflammatory interventions.

Nematicity, the spontaneous breaking of lattice rotational symmetry, plays an important role in kagome metals. Here, the authors report on a nematic phase within seven Kelvin below the charge density wave transition in the bilayer kagome metal ScV₆Sn₆.

Anti-TSLP biologics have shown promise for the clinical treatment of type 2 respiratory disease. Here the authors present a clinical trial of CM326, a monoclonal antibody against TSLP, and show the clinical effects in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP), who present with type 2-dominant inflammation.

Monkeypox or Mpox represents a worldwide health emergency, and efficient vaccines are urgently needed. Here authors present a modified vaccinia virus as vaccine candidate, generated from the Tiantan strain by targeted gene deletion to make it replication-deficient, which elicits robust immune response in both mouse and macaque models, with favourable safety and long-lasting protection profiles in the non-human primates.

Basalt clasts returned by Chang’e-6 suggest a lunar farside mantle potential temperature that is approximately 100 °C cooler than the nearside mantle, according to a petrologic study combined with thermobarometric modelling and remote sensing data.

Maurizi et al. introduce GraphMetaMat, a graph-based AI framework for designing 3D metamaterials with programmable nonlinear responses, enabling the inverse design of new structural and acoustic behaviours despite fabrication defects and limits.

Single-cell RNA sequencing, whole-exome sequencing and spatial transcriptome sequencing of gallbladder adenocarcinomas from 75 patients stratifies the disease into groups with distinct clinical outcomes.

A screen for protein degraders discovers hits by imaging cell survival.

HIV infection is associated with increased risk of more severe Mpox, yet the underlying mechanisms aren’t well understood. Here, the authors reveal increased MPXV replication and immune dysfunction in SIV-MPXV co-infected rhesus macaques and, using proteomics and phosphoproteomics from multiple organs, identify involved pathways.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

Direct human actions such as hunting and bird deterrence at aquaculture sites kill up to 10% of the populations of some shorebird species migrating along China’s coast each year, suggesting that this direct mortality is an overlooked threat to migratory populations.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Hydrogels are essential for stem cell-based tissue regeneration but struggle with hard tissue repair. The authors report a shell-hardened macroporous hydrogel with spatiotemporally programmed mechanics to enhance stem cell-driven bone regeneration.

Silver nanoparticles are used in a wide range of applications but have potential toxicity issues. Here, the authors report on a gut bacterium which can protect nematodes from reproductive harm caused by silver nanoparticles via the production of protective metabolites showing a strategy for mitigating nanoparticle toxicity.

Skyrmions and fractional skyrmions are promising for spintronics applications but are challenging to create, observe, and manipulate, with a limited understanding of their impact on colloid dynamics. Here authors demonstrate the creation and light-actuated transformation of skyrmion textures in nematic liquid crystals, enabling colloidal assemblies and dynamic behaviors.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

High-throughput screening identifies opioid compounds and prodynorphin-derived peptide agonists of the G-protein-coupled receptor MRGPRX2 and informs a homology model that is used for in silico screening to find a small-molecule probe that provokes degranulation in mast cells, which express this receptor.

A dual interfacial hydrogen-bond passivation strategy and a hybrid copper–iodide are used to fabricate deep-blue light-emitting diodes with excellent external quantum efficiency and lifetime.

Here, the authors report immunogenicity and safety of AR-MPXV5, a penta-component mRNA vaccine, in naive and simian immunodeficiency virus infected nonhuman primates (NHPs), and demonstrate protection in naïve male NHPs after immunization with two doses of AR-MPXV5.

Clinical approaches for cancer therapy face several interrelated challenges. Here, Xue et al. presented an integrated wearable flexible ultrasound microneedle patch that serves as a portable platform for convenient and minimally invasive cancer therapy.

Dao-Yuan Tan and colleagues present a real-time acoustic sensing system with hierarchical clustering for monitoring large-diameter aqueduct flow states. A 6 km aqueduct case study demonstrated improved water management and infrastructure reliability.

Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.

Bioplastics are desirable materials for the replacement of petrochemical-derived plastics, but achieving the desired properties can be challenging. Here, the authors report a bioplastic formed from a combination of polysaccharide sources and DNA from living organism waste, with biodegradability and recyclability.

Discriminating between ions with the same charge and similar hydration shells with artificial ion channels is challenging. Here, the authors produced crown ether functionalized covalent organic framework membranes for fast and selective sodium transport.

Kagome materials, such as CsV3Sb5, a rich array of correlated phase, including a time-reversal symmetry breaking phase, which could possibly be the result of loop currents. Attempts to verify this with magneto-optical measurements have yielded mixed results. Here, Farhang et al show that the magneto-optical signals are due to specular optical rotation. ‘

SARS-CoV-2 variants with immune escape capability highlight the need for the development of cross-neutralising vaccines and regimens. Here, the authors assess the immunogenicity and safety of NVSI-06-08, that integrates antigens from multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains into a single immunogen, as a heterologous booster in adults previously vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine.

Clinically significant genetic variation in Asian populations is under-characterized. Here, the authors show the diversity in prevalence and spectrum of human disease and pharmacogenetic variants in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Early and accurate clinical assessment of disease severity in COVID-19 patients is essential for planning the allocation of scarce hospital resources. An explainable machine learning tool trained on blood sample data from 485 patients from Wuhan selected three biomarkers for predicting mortality of individual patients with high accuracy.

Low cadmium (Cd) accumulation in a rice cultivar is shown to be due to duplication of the manganese/cadmium transporter gene. Introgression of this allele into an elite rice cultivar lowered Cd accumulation in rice grain without penalty of grain yield and eating quality when grown in Cd-contaminated soil.

Human NPCs show promise for stroke treatment, but challenges remain in neuron diversity and maturation time. Here, the authors describe the generation of FOXG1 progenitors from iPSCs that quickly mature into functional cortical neurons, enhancing stroke recovery in rats.

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) with large electrically actuated strain can be used in non-magnetic motors, but high stiffness, poor strength and slow response currently limit the application of DEAs. Here, the authors optimize the crosslinking network in a polyacrylate elastomer to enable a DEA with high toughness and actuation strain and use the polyacrylate to build a motor which can be driven under low electric field.

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 causes interstitial pneumonia and viral replication in the lungs of transgenic mice that express a human version of ACE2, confirming the pathogenicity of the virus in this model.