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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Zhang, Huang, Wang, Long et al. report that NAT10 enhances serine uptake and biosynthesis in an ac4C-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting stemness and progression in acute myeloid leukaemia.

The precise synthesis of enantiomerically enriched helicenes has attracted considerable interest in material science and chiral catalysis, but synthetic strategies for helical chirality remain relatively limited. Here, the authors report a chiral scandium(III)-catalyzed ring-expansion and kinetic resolution of racemic helical fluorenones with α-diazo esters.

Challenges in simplicity and accessibility limit the current widespread applicability of neuromuscular models. Here, the authors present a readily fabricated, organised human motor assembloids-on-a-chip approach for neuromuscular research and hypoxia disease modelling.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune condition leading to extreme muscle weakness due to autoantibodies targeting the neuromuscular junctions. Here authors assign a critical role for platelets in amplifying the pro-inflammatory response in AChR+ immunotherapy-naïve MG (nMG) patients and thus contributing to disease pathology.

Arginine addiction induced by argininosuccinate synthase (ASSN1) deficiency has been exploited to treat ASS1-deficient cancers. Here, the authors show an alternative therapeutic approach where ASS1 activity is increased by the pesticide spinosyn A and is shown to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation.

The authors achieve a high electrocaloric effect in barium titanate ceramics with a defect dipole engineering strategy. As a result, defect dipole engineering enables BaTiO₃ to achieve an electrocaloric effect over a wide temperature range.

This study introduces a kinetic decoupling–recoupling strategy to overcome kinetic limitations in plastic recycling. A tandem catalytic reactor, utilizing zeolite catalysts, converts polyethylene into ethylene and propylene with yields of up to 79%, offering a promising pathway toward efficient closed-loop recycling of polyolefins.

Model thiophene-decorated nickel porphyrins are synthesized to examine how sulfur promotes CO₂-to-CO conversion and tandem CO₂-to-C₂ product conversion in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction. Combined theoretical and experimental analyses show that thiophene substituents generate a ligand hole character that modulates the nickel-centred electronic structure, enhancing overall catalytic performance.

Securing edge devices is challenging. The authors present a solution using reconfigurable physical unclonable functions built with carbon nanotube transistors, offering robust security against machine learning attacks and brute force cracking.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

Subnanometer metal clusters are limited by structural heterogeneity and dynamics under reaction conditions. Here, AI-driven multiscale modeling reveals collective activity of diverse Cu/CeO₂ sites via coordination-adsorption balance.

The potential of leveraging diverse geometric configurations of the catalysts to achieve divergent synthesis remains largely untapped. Here, the authors report a stereodivergent three-component borylfunctionalization of alkynes, enabled by ligand-modulated geometric variations in nickel catalysts.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) models to replace human decision-making in medical intervention need thorough testing. Here authors present the results of a clinical trial, NCT05600855, in which daGOAT, a conditional autonomous artificial intelligence agent successfully makes the decision whether to prescribe an immune suppressive drug to prevent severe acute graft-versus-host disease following HLA-mismatched haematopoietic cell transplantation.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

In a phase 1 trial, the co-infusion of CD19-targeting and BCMA-targeting CAR-T cells in adults with treatment-refractory lupus was safe and had promising efficacy, with most patients achieving remission after 3 months.

Liquid films are essential in semiconductor lithography but microscopic behaviors of photoresist within these films remain unclear. This study uses cryo-electron tomography to reconstruct photoresist structures, achieving 99% defect reduction.

Pseudokinases are non-canonical protein-kinase-like proteins deficient in kinase activity, few of which have enzymatic activity that differs from phosphorylation. Now a pseudokinase-enabled cyclization activity for the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides has been observed. Here pseudokinases can catalyse a Michael addition for (ene)thioether crosslinking through a sandwich-like substrate-assisted process.

Resistance drift, also known as the temporal change in electrical resistance, hampers the application of phase-change materials for neuromorphic computing. Here an amorphous CrTe₃ thin film with no resistance drift in the working temperature from −200 °C to 165 °C is reported.

A core-shell hydride 3CeH₃@BaH₂, which exhibits fast H⁻ conduction at ambient temperature and becomes a superionic conductor above 60 °C, is used to construct an all-solid-state rechargeable H⁻ battery.

Luminescent cerium(III) compounds with 5d-4f transition have received extensive interest in phosphor, photocatalysis, and electroluminescence, but pushing emission beyond 700 nm is challenging. Here, the authors report a series of molecular Ce(III) complexes with S-coordinating dithiobiuret ligands that emit at 725 nm with 31% quantum efficiency.

Terahertz control of polar skyrmions—topological textures of electric dipoles—is key for fast optoelectronics. Now, ultrafast excitation of polar skyrmions is achieved across two orders of magnitude of temperature in an oxide heterostructure.

Polymeric semiconductors suffer from high exciton binding energy. Here, the authors report a crystal structure engineering strategy for producing poly(triazine imide) with the capability of spontaneous exciton dissociation into free charges, enabling efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting.

Communication between room-temperature and cryogenic environments is a bottleneck to the scaling of cryogenic devices. Here, the authors introduce a technique for in situ writing and erasing of circuits at low temperatures, enabling reversible construction of patterns without a photoresist.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The hydrovoltaic effect offers a promising route for ion sensing but is limited by a long response time. Here, the authors leverage rapid ion transport within nanochannels to achieve a high voltage output of 4.0 V with a response time of just 0.17 s.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

This study introduces the Cattle Cell Atlas, a single-cell expression resource including 1,793,854 cells from 59 tissues. Integrative analyses leveraging this atlas provide insights into the biology underlying bovine monogenic and complex traits.

Giotto Suite provides a comprehensive, flexible and scalable platform for technology-agnostic spatial omics analysis using R.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Iron carbide catalysts—especially the Fe₇C₃; phase—show great promise for efficient CO₂ hydrogenation to olefins. Here, the authors report the first stable, nearly pure Fe₇C₃ catalyst for CO₂-to-olefins conversion, overturning conventional models that posit the necessity of Fe₅C₂–Fe₃O₄ coexistence.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer were safely treated with the CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate SHR-A1904, leading to encouraging objective response rates.

The continuous dilute CO₂ electrolysis is promising for industrial applications but limited by high resistance of mass transport. Here, the authors report a localized mass transport channels coupling CO₂ concentrating and converting process to synthesize highly selective and stable C₂₊ products.

Regulations on the amount of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances allowed in drinking water are getting more and more stringent, and detecting small amounts is challenging. A sensing platform based on a remote gate field-effect transistor allows a sensitivity higher than that required by the US Environmental Protection Agency to be reached.

Combining hydrogen-atom transfer for prochiral radical formation, organic-dye-modulated single-electron transfer and an engineered thiamine-dependent enzyme, a photobiocatalytic platform is developed for assembling C(sp²)–C(sp³) bonds via benzylic C(sp³)–H and aldehyde C(sp²)–H oxidative cross-coupling under mild conditions.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

This study identifies TriDTCs as a family of terpene cyclases responsible for harzianol I and wickerol A biosynthesis in Trichoderma fungi and are found to regulate Trichoderma’s chlamydospore and Aspergillus oryzae’s sclerotia formation through producing harzianol I.

Vascular calcification, a key risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, involves smooth muscle cells shifting to osteogenic phenotype. Here, the authors show that NEXN inhibits this process and protects against calcification by stabilizing SERCA2.