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Fungal diseases threaten crops worldwide. By resolving the cryo-EM structure of fungal succinate dehydrogenase, researchers designed an inhibitor with broad antifungal activity, strong field performance, and reduced environmental toxicity.

Zhang, Huang, Wang, Long et al. report that NAT10 enhances serine uptake and biosynthesis in an ac4C-dependent mechanism, thereby promoting stemness and progression in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Techniques for determining chiral purity are important, but can be challenging to achieve by eye. Here, the authors report the development of dyes with visual chiral recognition capabilities by changes in the coassembly process and therefore variable steric hindrance.

This study reports that the gene SMPED1, located in a previously identified dichogamy-determining region in Alpinia species, controls the timing of sex-organ synchrony, improving our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of plant sexual diversity.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a significant clinical challenge where less invasive treatment strategies that also address the pathophysiology of SUI are desirable. Here, Fang et al. engineer an injectable, thermo-responsive composite hydrogel incorporated with programmed stem cells that provides structural support to the atrophic urethral sphincter and promotes urethral sphincter regeneration, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis as a treatment strategy for SUI.

The interfacial energy losses at the perovskite/electron selective contact interface remain an obstacle for perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells to approach its theoretical efficiency limit. Here, authors employ a cage-like diammonium chloride molecule to modulate interfacial dipole.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Peng et al. show that DLL1-expressing muscle myoblasts not only regulate NOTCH signaling in neighbor cells but also send a retrograde signal to themselves via the DLL1 intracellular domain.

A combination of adenovirus-vectored and subunit protein intranasal vaccine enhances immune response against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models and humans.

For fertilization, sperm migrate through the utero-tubal junction (UTJ) and bind to the zona pellucida (ZP). Here the authors identify sperm expressed GALNTL5 as a GalNAc binding factor required for migration though the UTJ and attachment to the ZP.

Nasal colonization by Staphylococcus aureus is linked with depression in a human cohort and shown in a mouse model to cause decreased serotonin and dopamine in the brain.

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease (PVOD) is a fatal disease characterised by remodelling of pulmonary veins and haemosiderin accumulation in macrophages. Here the authors examine the lack of GCN2 in PVOD as this has been observed in human disease and deficiency of GCN2 in mouse and rat PVOD models alters transcriptome profiles and increases macrophage ferroptosis.

Lampreys are jawless vertebrates that can offer unique insights into vertebrate evolution. Here they generate a comprehensive cell atlas of the lamprey, uncovering 70 distinct cell types across 14 tissues, and identify pancreas-like cells in the lamprey small intestine.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

Pd catalysts are promising for methane-to-methanol conversion, but structure–performance links remain unclear. This study uses facet-controlled Pd nanocrystals, revealing {111}-facets enhance methanol yield via optimal intermediate adsorption.

This study introduces WtCoxG, an efficient genetic analysis method for time-to-event data, which improves statistical power by addressing case ascertainment and leveraging external allele frequency information.

Xu et al. identify the MondoA–TXNIP signalling axis as a regulator of antitumour immune surveillance in response to lactic acid in the tumour microenvironment.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

A bioinspired system combining cobalamin with microscale zero-valent iron achieves near-complete conversion of 1,2-dichloroethane to ethylene, offering a cost-effective and sustainable approach to pollutant remediation and resource recovery.

Lithium doping in spiro-OMeTAD negatively affects the long-term performance of perovskite solar cells. Qin and team map the degradation mechanism under repeated voltage cycling and how lithium-free dopants improve stability.

Liver proteome dysregulation contributes to the development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), a major global health challenge. Here, the authors develop an approach to specifically identify the liver nascent proteome under various physiological and pathological conditions, revealing key regulators involved in hepatic steatosis.

This work reveals an unusual T⁴ temperature dependence of the electronic thermal conductivity at ultralow temperatures and a strong violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law in the topological compensated semimetals TaAs₂, NbAs₂, and NdSb.

The function and regulatory mechanism of mRNA acetylation modification in cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here the authors identify that targeting tumor N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) RNA acetyltransferase NAT10 improves anti-tumor response via MYC/CDK2/DNMT1/dsRNA/type I IFN pathway, and show the synergic anti-tumor effect of NAT10 inhibition with aPD-1.

Efficient electro-optic conversion is central to photonic computing, and thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) offers this capability. Here, the authors demonstrate computing circuits on the TFLN platform, enabling the next generation of photonic computing systems featuring both high-speed and low-power.

Developing potent and biocompatible antioxidative nanomedicines is beneficial for reversing ischemic reperfusion injury, but hindered by a lack of understanding of biological action mechanisms. Here, the authors report bioactive organic-inorganic covalent selenium hybrid nanoparticles, and elucidate their mechanisms of action in suppressing reperfusion-induced injury of ischemic stroke.

Strontium ruthenate is an odd-parity superconductor that could support Majorana fermions. Ying et al. report that the critical temperature doubles near lattice dislocations in this material compared with its bulk, arising from effects that could be found in other unconventional superconductors.

Using data from the UK Biobank, the authors develop a comprehensive human metabolome–phenome atlas, including a browsable web tool, to uncover unique metabolite–trait and metabolite–disease associations with time, and discuss potential causal relationships.

Bone marrow adipose tissue is linked to skeletal and metabolic health. Here, the authors use deep learning and GWAS to identify genetic determinants of bone marrow fat and reveal a causal link between femoral fat content and osteoporosis risk.

Achieving a balance between molecular packing density, charge transport efficiency, and defect passivation remains a challenge for perovskite solar cells. Here, authors synthesize self-assembled molecules with flexible head groups and rigid linkers, achieving maximum device efficiency of over 26%.

The mechanism underlying abnormal pain perception in autism remains unclear. Here authors show that histone lactylation decreases Dock4, an autism-related gene, to modulate heat pain by impairing Dynein-mediated Nav1.7 membrane trafficking, providing insights into thermosensor-independent mechanisms.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial, patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer were safely treated with the CLDN18.2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate SHR-A1904, leading to encouraging objective response rates.

The ability to resist compaction has widespread implications for reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology. Here the authors present a class of thin-film crosslinked composite reverse osmosis membranes that resist physical compaction at ultrahigh pressures.

Electronic correlation, geometric frustration, and topology are known to individually drive intriguing properties in materials. Here, the authors explore these interactions in the quasi-kagome Kondo Weyl semimetal Ce₃TiSb₅, revealing unconventional Hall effects that underscore the complex interplay of these factors, with implications for understanding topological and magnetic phenomena

This study details a process of duplicated (homoeologous) chromosome ‘scrambling’ in newly formed rice polyploids, indicating the possibility of natural ‘allo-to-autopolyploid’ evolution, with implications for polyploid crop breeding.

The authors highlight inconsistencies and divergencies in the literature reporting data on indirect calorimetry for studies on whole-body energy homeostasis, and propose harmonization of standards to facilitate data comparison and interpretation across different datasets.

Accessing strong correlation effects in Kagome materials remains challenging. Here, the authors realize a Kagome Kondo lattice in CsCr₆Sb₆ exhibiting flat, isolated Kagome bands at the Fermi level.

The immune response involves multiple cell state transitions and complex gene expression changes. Here, the authors establish scIVNL-seq to survey time-resolved RNA dynamics of immune cells during Salmonella infection, revealing distinct RNA control strategies and cell activation patterns underlying immune responses.

Polyol oxidation to dicarboxylic acids is hindered by conflicting needs for C–H activation and product desorption. This work resolves the issue using fully exposed Ptn clusters on hydroxyapatite, enabling efficient and selective catalysis.

A deep generative model is developed for de novo molecular design and optimization by leveraging electron density. Wet-laboratory assays validated its reliability to generate diverse bioactive molecules—orthosteric and allosteric, inhibitors and activators.

The mechanisms linking neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders remain unclear. The authors show a pancreas–hippocampus feedback loop whereby metabolic and circadian factors drive behavioral fluctuations, with potential relevance for bipolar disorder.