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The reconstruction and control of supramolecular ropes using minimalist building units remains a fundamental challenge. Here the authors demonstrate self-assembly of cyclo-tryptophan-proline dipeptide stereoisomers into crystalline supramolecular triple-helical structures with tunable S- or Z- twists governed by the configuration of tryptophan residues.

Gene correction in the lung is achieved with inhalable mRNA lipid nanoparticles containing an amino acid-derived ionizable lipid identified from screening and structure–function optimization studies.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Political instability, recurrent floods and droughts, and unsustainable crop production weakened food security, contributing to the decline of the Tang Dynasty in the late 9th and early 10th centuries CE, according to a multicomponent hydroclimatic vulnerability model.

Maintaining genome integrity during different life stages is critical. Here, the authors reveal an RNA editing mechanism in the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum that adjusts Mus81 protein function to balance heat-stress survival and sexual reproduction. This stage-specific editing fine-tunes DNA repair for adaptation and reproduction.

This Commission aims to resolve the current dialysis policy challenges in Thailand and generate lessons for the global kidney community by drawing on empirical evidence, systems thinking and multidisciplinary expertise to generate policy goals and recommendations.

Traditional recycling of polyoxymethylene plastic often leads to significant material loss and toxic emissions. Here, the authors introduce an acidic electrochemical process that efficiently converts plastic waste into valuable chemicals with conversion efficiency approaching 90%.

Du and colleagues present SMART, a scalable and computationally efficient framework for integrating spatial multi-omics data to identify tissue domains. The approach shows applicability to large and multi-section spatial profiling datasets.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

Here the authors use CRISPR activation screens to identify metabolite-sensing receptors that affect lymphocyte targeting and infiltration of tumors and engineer CAR T and CAR NK cells with these receptors to enhance solid tumor killing in mice.

Chronic diabetic wounds heal poorly due to impaired tissue repair and persistent inflammation. Here, authors demonstrate that a Smad7-based topical biologic accelerates diabetic wound healing by improving epithelial regeneration and reducing inflammatory neutrophil activity.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

The CCTG PA.7 randomized phase II trial compared chemotherapy with and without dual immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, the authors report long-term survival and exploratory analysis of the CCTG PA.7 trial, identifying a pattern of mutations linked to improved immunotherapy response.

Electrochemical advanced oxidation water treatment processes (EAOPs) can help achieve a sustainable water cycle but remain challenging to scale up and implement. This study presents a flow-through EAOP device design that features good scalability and exhibits high practical application potential.

CREsted is an efficient and user-friendly toolbox for analysis, modeling and design of cell-type-specific enhancers across diverse species.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

A new optical imaging study demonstrates that norepinephrine and the state of arousal influence hemodynamic correlations across cerebral cortex, calling for a conceptual shift in interpreting functional magnetic resonance imaging data.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma has poor survival due to frequent recurrence and limited prognostic markers. Here, the authors identify two prognostic proteomic tumor clusters, validate a classifier across independent cohorts, and introduce EIF4A1 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy.

A memristor chip can provide fast and energy-efficient spectrum analysis by using robust and denoised in-memory computing memory arrays.

Façade-integrated photovoltaics (FIPV) present a promising yet early-stage solution for mitigating building emissions. Combining global building datasets, climate projections and façade-scale simulations, researchers estimate that FIPV could deliver substantial economic and climate benefits.

Carrington and colleagues explore how HLA class I signal peptide polymorphism influences NK cell functionality. They derive a genetically informed SP score metric that predicts CD94/NKG2A–HLA-E binding strength, correlates with human CD56^bright NK responsiveness and associates with disease risk.

Thin and conformal tungsten disulfide (WS₂) layers, which are grown at the wafer scale using thermal atomic layer deposition at back-end-of-line compatible temperatures, can function as both barriers and liners for interconnects.

Analyses of biobank data show that human variation such as age, sex and genetics, particularly at the major histocompatibility complex locus, is associated with viral abundance and supports a causal link between abundance of Epstein–Barr virus and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

A synthetic genetic circuit made up of recombinase-based cell-fate branching devices enables precise control over the ratios of cell types in an offspring population derived from one founder strain, and could be used to build user-defined multicellular aggregates.

Optimized Ullmann coupling reaction of heterotriangulene precursors allows the synthesis of two-dimensional π-conjugated polymers with ordered domains larger than 100 × 100 nm² showing both Dirac cones and flat bands in their electronic structure.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

The growth of high-quality organic single crystals is essential for probing intrinsic optoelectronic properties and molecular packing. Here, the authors present an additive-directed cocrystallization strategy to grow Y6-additive cocrystals with tunable thickness and controlled morphology.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

In this study, long-read RNA sequencing achieves accurate single-nucleotide polymorphism calling, haplotype phasing and allele-specific expression analysis.

The authors mapped the continental-scale fraction of age-dependent leaf area index and revealed a widespread increase in the fraction of photosynthetically efficient young leaves across the majority of Amazon rainforests over the past decades.

An increase in donations, prizes and public–private initiatives suggests many firms want to show commitment to the government’s goals.

Neuromodulation via epidural electrical stimulation both below and above the lesion in three participants with complete spinal cord injury could enable respectively motor activation and sensory perception.

This work shows that XKR8-mediated plasma membrane lipid scrambling facilitates NET formation. Activated by caspase-3, XKR8 links ROS to downstream Ca²⁺ signaling and is essential for effective antifungal immunity.

Mice learning a neurofeedback brain–computer interface task show neuron-specific teaching signals in cortical dendrites, consistent with a vectorized solution for credit assignment in the brain.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Gu et al. introduce a cardiac foundation model that learns from millions of heart signals and textual interpretations, enabling it to handle heart data collected either in hospitals or at home. It offers clear and reliable insights across different devices and settings.

Plant diversity plays a key role in regulating ecosystem processes, yet its influence on global soil carbon release remains unclear. This study suggests that higher plant species richness is associated with greater soil respiration in low- to mid-productivity forests but has little effect in highly productive systems.

A study investigating the emergence of squamous tumours in the upper gastrointestinal tract of the mouse shows that an initial tumour stress response triggers fibroblasts to remodel the underlying stroma, creating a fibronectin-rich precancerous niche that supports tumour survival.