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Vaginal birth, exclusive breastfeeding and early contact with siblings promote colonization of the infant gut with bifidobacteria capable of producing aromatic lactates, a microbial and metabolite signal that is inversely related to the risk of allergen-specific sensitization and dermatitis later in life.

This study presents a scalable and sustainable electro-membrane crystallization-assisted general recycling technology that efficiently recovers high-purity lithium, manganese, nickel, and cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries.

Groundwater viruses are less well studied. Here, using large-scale sequencing, the authors uncover extensive, largely uncharacterized viral diversity in groundwater, showing that viruses infect dominant microbes, encode genes linked to carbon, nitrogen and sulfur pathways, and thus shape subsurface microbial communities.

Regulation of the electronic structure in aromatic systems has a significant influence on their chemical reactivity. Here, the authors employ single-molecule junctions to precisely tune the position of a hydrogen atom through the electric field.

A rationally designed assay detects granzyme A activity by integrating peptide-based GzmA-targeted inhibitors and probes with chemiluminescent reporters to monitor inflammatory bowel disease.

A membrane system operating without electricity and inspired by natural fractal transport patterns achieves exceptional nanofiltration performance, offering a simple and reliable source of potable water for decentralized communities.

Trends in global H₂ sources and sinks are analysed from 1990 to 2020, and a comprehensive budget for the decade 2010–2020 is presented.

The method for separating Cl₂ based on the Bernoulli principle enables efficient electrochemical chlorine evolution under universal pH conditions in a three-phase system. This enables assembly of a membrane-free system that can resist the influence of pH changes in the electrolyte.

Intramolecular proton relays are proposed to enhance oxygen evolution for heterogeneous (hydro)oxide electrocatalysts, but molecular-level evidence remains limited. Now it has been shown, using an aza-fused microporous polymer with Ni–Fe sites, that adjacent Ni³⁺–OH sites relay protons from Fe⁴⁺=O, accelerating the water nucleophilic attack pathway and achieving high turnover frequencies with pH-tunable kinetics.

Reconstruction of metal-organic frameworks occurs under reaction conditions, hindering mechanism understanding. Here, the authors identify the alkaline reconstructed β-Ni(OH)₂ with residual ligand that can catalyze the deprotonated anion of hydrogen peroxide at high current densities.

Schizophrenia is a complex brain disorder with its underlying protein changes generally not well understood. Here, authors show widespread alterations in the prefrontal cortex, marked by reduced energy production and disrupted synaptic function.

The notoriously slow kinetics in CO₂ desorption hinders the development of efficient CO₂ capture technologies. Here, the authors discover that nanostructured TiO(OH)₂ as a catalyst is capable of dramatically increasing the rates of CO₂ desorption from spent monoethanolamine.

Catalysts enhance electrode reactions in static batteries but are inadequate for aqueous flow batteries. Here, authors develop carbon quantum dot catalytic electrolytes that function both in electrolyte and at-interface to improve reaction kinetics and low-temperature adaptability in Zn-Br systems.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Experiments under upper-tropospheric conditions map the chemical formation of isoprene oxygenated organic molecules (important molecules for new particle formation) and reveal that relative radical ratios control their composition

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Achieving wireless and high charge density neural stimulation remains challenging. To address this issue, the authors develop a sonocapacitor from piezoelectric-dielectric composite nanospheres and two-dimensional cellulose.

While Prussian blue (PB) nanozymes are typically employed as antioxidants, their reactive oxygen species-generating capability remains unexplored. Here, the authors predict by molecular dynamics and identify explicit hydroxyl radical generation in highly crystalline cesium-doped PBs.

Nanozymes often suffer from self-depletion, limiting their long-term efficacy for practical applications. Here, the authors report Cu-Fe twincrystal nanozymes that leverage the continuous electron-donating role of Cu²⁺ ions to achieve sustain enzymatic activity and prolonged antifungal effects.

Native crystallographic defects are often introduced during synthesis of battery materials, but has been overlooked. Here, using in situ synchrotron X-ray probes and electron microscopy, the authors have revealed their adverse effect during battery operation.

PFAS and OH-PCBs are associated with health effects. Here, the authors present an association between OH-PCB exposure and increased risk of multiple sclerosis, while increased PFAS levels were associated with reduced risk of disability worsening.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

The authors report long-lived pump-induced conductivity suppression in metallic Ti₃C₂ MXenes using ultrafast terahertz and reflectance spectroscopy. The effect is attributed to strong photothermal heating and slow heat dissipation.

Anion-exchange-membrane electrolysis needs durable carbon supports, yet native defects corrode under harsh operating conditions. Here, the authors report that oxide-hybridized carbon serves as a durable catalyst support while facilitating the supply of reactant hydroxide ions.

The relative contribution of lipid catabolism on fasting-induced longevity was unknown. Authors showed lifespan extension from fasting depend on silencing lipid catabolism upon nutrient replenishment through phosphorylation of NHR-49 by KIN-19.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

The surface of Mars exhibits intriguing outcrops of layered Fe sulfate minerals that transformed through heating. This study combines lab analyses and remote sensing at Mars to advance the understanding of active chemistry and geothermal processes.

This study proposes a p-block metal coordination strategy to engineer the single-atom Fe sites for improving the selectivity of Fe^IV = O generation in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-based Fenton-like reactions

An integrated observation-driven and model-driven approach demonstrates that, from 2005 to 2021, periods of high atmospheric methane growth were linked to trends and variations in OH levels driven by fluctuations in air pollutants, especially during extreme events.

New hominin fossils from the Grotte à Hominidés at Thomas Quarry I (ThI-GH) in Casablanca, Morocco, dated to around 773 thousand years ago are similar in age to Homo antecessor, yet are morphologically distinct.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Concrete durability is crucial for infrastructure longevity. Here the authors use atomistic simulations to show how aluminum alters the bonding and surface energetics of cement hydrates, explaining its paradoxical dual role in durability.

Seawater electrolysis is highly promising for hydrogen production, yet it suffers from severe chloride-induced corrosion. This study reports a Co-based anode with triple defense that achieves durable seawater oxidation for 3000 h.

The development of advanced electrocatalysts with high efficiency and longevity is essential to alleviate the energy crisis. Here, the authors report an atomic editing strategy to access atomically dispersed, heteronuclear triatomic Fe and Co sites to endow improved activity and stability.

LIG3α forms a complex with XRCC1 during single strand break and base excision repair. Here, the authors show that LIG3α displays higher affinity for nicks than XRCC1 and binds with its N-terminal ZnF domain more avidly to an undamaged nucleosome.

Hydroxy fatty acids (HFA) accumulated in the seed of Physaira species are useful in various industrial applications. Here, the authors report three chromosome-level genomes of Physaria species and reveal variation of FAH12 causing the disparity in hydroxylation activity among the three species.

Rathmell and colleagues show that metabolic reprograming of regulatory T cells is associated with severity of critical illness in patients with and without sepsis.

Chan and colleagues report that tumor ecosystem and microbiome features are associated with response to anti-PD-L1 avelumab plus chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering interferometry reveals a highly entangled electronic phase in Nd₂Ir₂O₇, enabling extraction of its entanglement structure and confirming the cubic-symmetry-breaking order predicted from complementary Raman spectroscopy.

The Chamaeleon I dense cloud was observed with JWST as part of the Early Release Science programme ‘IceAge’. Here the authors present the detection of dangling OH features at ~2.7 μm, providing a tracer of icy grain morphology.

Nanoemulsion modular assembly is emerging as a versatile strategy for synthesizing diverse functional mesoporous nanomaterials. This Review highlights the capabilities of nanoemulsion modular assembly for precise control over pore size, structure, composition and morphology, as well as discussing possible applications of functional mesoporous nanomaterials.