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The large-scale production of bilirubin has long been a challenge. Here, the authors engineered an in vitro enzymatic cascade through systems-level design, enabling gram-scale synthesis of bilirubin.

A gene-editing-based nanoplatform for knockout of HO-1 in tumours is combined with photodynamic therapy, triggering immunogenic cell death.

CFAP20 has a key role in rescuing RNA polymerase II complexes that have arrested during DNA transcription, limiting the accumulation of R-loops and preventing collisions between the transcription and replication machinery.

Experiments under upper-tropospheric conditions map the chemical formation of isoprene oxygenated organic molecules (important molecules for new particle formation) and reveal that relative radical ratios control their composition

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

CrPS₄, a 2D van der Waals A-type antiferromagnet, is shown to exhibit ideal characteristics of Stoner–Wohlfarth antiferromagnets, such as ferromagnet-like binary switching rather than layer-by-layer flipping as in other 2D A-type antiferromagnets.

The implementation of non-negative matrix factorization–a powerful technique finding hidden patterns in high-dimensional data – remains challenging due to computational complexity. Wang et al. report an in-memory analogy solver, enabling accurate factorization with fast operation at low power consumption.

Chen et al. show that redox signals activate ADAR1 to fix faulty RNA pieces during DNA copying, ensuring smooth replication and protecting genome stability.

Strong paramagnetism is generated in hydrogels rich in carbon–oxygen double bonds simply by coupling with diamagnetic Ca cations. These paramagnetic hydrogels are applied as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and magnetic drug carriers.

Ferromagnets are an integral part of spintronics because of their spin selectivity, but in combination with superconductors selectivity between different Cooper pairs is required. Here, the authors find evidence for this selectivity in a ferromagnet–superconductor–ferromagnet spin valve.

In this phase 3 trial, human immunodeficiency virus-negative Vietnamese adults with tuberculous meningitis were stratified by LTA4H genotype to assess whether this influences corticosteroid response. However, outcomes were not significantly better according to genotype.

Despite the structural significance of boroxines in different classes of materials, their applicability in aqueous media is limited by their hydrolytic instability. Here, the authors discovered a water-stable boroxine structure with excellent pH stability and water-compatible dynamic covalent bonds.

Here the authors adapt yeast mating-type switching for tunable cell differentiation, facilitating synthetic microbial consortia formation and cooperativity. Its biotechnological potential was demonstrated through sequential xylan-to-xylose conversion.

This study finds that native tree extinctions and alien naturalizations are pushing forests towards fast-growing, resource-demanding species. This global shift could affect carbon storage and ecosystem stability, highlighting the need to protect slow-growing trees.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Elevated triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), long linked to cardiovascular disease, were thought to be harmful mainly in their remnant form. Here, the authors show that intact TRLs, not just their remnants, promote atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in a mouse model.

Here the authors characterize the evolutionarily conserved role of the Arp2/3 actin nucleation complex in double-strand break mobility in budding yeast. Arp2/3 has important roles in end resection and Mec1-mediated DNA damage checkpoint activation.

Low efficiency, locus-dependence, and poor heritability affect the application of prime editing to dicot plants. Here, the authors solve these problems by developing an ultra-efficient prime editing (UtPE) system for dicots by integrating evolved PE6 variants, an altered pegRNA, an RNA chaperone, and a geminiviral replicon.

The synthesis of Ag⁺/Mo⁴⁺/Ln³⁺ co-doped double perovskite has yielded exceptional optical properties, including broadband excitation and highly efficient NIR luminescence. These advances demonstrate promise for versatile photoelectric applications and provide critical insights into optimizing lanthanide absorption by two-step enhancement strategy.

Spin ice compounds have localised excitations that behave as magnetic monopoles which move by hopping from site to site, creating a chain of spins. Here the authors show that the hyperfine coupling between electron and nuclear spins is an important part of the mechanism underlying monopole motion.

Here, the authors report tunable luminescence from a single lanthanide ion upon changing excitation conditions through co-doping an energy-modulator ion, thus adjusting the photon transition process of the lanthanide activator ion. Optical encryption has also been demonstrated as an application of this universal strategy.

Global chemical transport simulations reveal an ozone photochemistry regime where the uptake of hydroperoxyl radicals onto aerosol particles dominates ozone production.

In the heavy-fermion metal URu₂Si₂, direct evidence of symmetry change in the crystal structure at the hidden-order transition has been missing. Using synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements, Tonegawa et al. observe lattice symmetry breaking from the fourfold tetragonal to twofold orthorhombic structure.

An allosteric site on the E3 ligase adapter cereblon can be targeted to modulate the efficacy of cereblon in targeted protein degradation applications.

An in-depth analysis of tissue biopsies from patients with multiple myeloma and CAR T cell therapy-associated immune-related adverse events (CirAEs) after treatment with commercial BCMA-targeted CAR T cell therapy shows that CD4⁺ CAR T cells mediate off-tumor toxicities and that high CD4:CD8 ratio at apheresis, robust early CAR T cell expansion, ICANS and ciltacabtagene autoleuce treatment are independently associated with the development of CirAEs.

Short-lived halogens have a substantial indirect cooling effect on climate and this cooling effect has increased since pre-industrial times owing to anthropogenic amplification of natural halogen emissions.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

In the LUMINA-1 trial for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, garetosmab, an activin A monoclonal antibody, did not lead to significant changes in heterotopic ossification lesion activity in pre-existing lesions in period 1. Garetosmab prevented the formation of new lesions in both periods 1 and 2.

Transition metal oxides constitute a promising class of catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, but they are found generally to be less active than Pt. Now, computational analyses and high-throughput experiments are used to understand the reasons behind the lower activity, and strategies to improve them are proposed.

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a painful disease of unknown etiology characterized by extraskeletal bone formation after injury. Here the authors show that TGF-β is increased in HO lesions, where it promotes the early stages of HO pathology, and demonstrate that TGF-β inhibition ameliorates HO in mice.

This study surveyed key informants across 26 countries on burning plastic for waste management and energy needs. It finds high awareness of this practice, with potential drivers including inadequate waste collection and a lack of affordable fuels.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is a severe disorder characterized by heterotopic ossification, and is caused by mutations in ACVR1. Here, the authors show that expression of mutant ACVR1 in fibro/adipogenic progenitors recapitulates disease progression, and that this can be halted by systemic inhibition of activin A in mice.

Higher-order (fifth and seventh order) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy is demonstrated to break the diffraction limit for label-free super-resolution vibrational imaging for live cells such as HeLa and buccal cells.