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Dutta et al. demonstrate that the tumor suppressor complex BRCA1–BARD1 physically interacts with the RNA–DNA helicase Senataxin (SETX) and upregulates the activity of SETX to resolve harmful R-loops crucial for the avoidance of transcription–replication conflicts.

mRNA vaccines hold promise as cancer therapeutics. However, production complexity and prohibitive manufacturing costs limit the applicability of these vaccine platforms. Here, the authors present an engineered linear Cap-independent mRNA vaccine design that achieves stable in vivo expression and elicits robust anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical mouse models.

The crystal structure of the CHS-CHIL complex reveals a gating mechanism that enhances CHS activity and specificity. This conserved regulatory paradigm, validated by engineering a CHIL variant, offers strategies to improve flavonoid production in plants.

Drivers of fungal metabolic diversity are incompletely understood. Here, the authors conduct a global genomics study of over 1,000 pathogenic fungi to show that geography shapes the metabolic diversity in Aspergillus flavus revealing how climate drives fungal chemical adaptive evolution.

The electrochemical oxidation of glycerol is a promising strategy for sustainable clean energy, although it still faces several challenges. Here, the authors report a catalyst that can spontaneously generate a strong built-in electric field, thereby simultaneously enhancing both hydrogen evolution and glycerol oxidation reaction processes for low-voltage hydrogen production.

In C. elegans, a p38 MAPK–ATF-7 pathway upregulates hypodermal CATP-3 during potassium scarcity, integrating neuronal signals to maintain homeostasis, enhance survival, and link potassium regulation to lifespan and immunity. This conserved mechanism is distinct from osmotic stress responses.

The mid-infrared (MIR) range of the electromagnetic spectrum can be indirectly accessed by frequency upconversion. Here, authors propose a phase-matching-free scheme for broadband and efficient upconversion, covering wavelengths from MIR to ultraviolet with high-order harmonics generated from a NbOI₂ crystal. MIR imaging is demonstrated with a standard silicon camera.

Periodontitis treatment is challenged by senescent stem cells in the periodontal niche. Here, authors develop a multifunctional hydrogel that alleviates hypoxia and stem cell aging, and restores microbial balance to accelerate regeneration.

Femtosecond laser pulse-induced coherent helicity switching of magnetic vortices in permalloy disks on picosecond timescales is reported.

In a prospective multi-centre cohort in China, people living in areas of high soil selenium had a 35% increased risk of incident diabetes over a 3-year study period, with a stronger effect seen for men.

You, Hu et al. discover a population of COTL1^high NK cells regulated by GITRL⁺ macrophages and demonstrate their functional importance in mediating anti-tumour immunity in cancer with impaired tumour-specific MHC-I expression.

Florets of indica rice open earlier than japonica rice, hindering utilization of the cross subspecies heterosis. Here, the authors show that an OsMYB8-OsJAR1 module regulates diurnal floret opening time divergences between the two subspecies.

Imaging genetics links genetic variations to brain structures and functions, however the computational challenges posed by high-dimensional imaging and genetic data are significant. Here, the authors develop a scalable genome-wide association analysis framework for imaging data.

Immune checkpoint therapies (ICT) are promising for treating various cancers, but response rates vary. Here the authors show, in mouse models, that tumor-infiltrating mast cells colocalize with regulatory T cells, coincide with local reduction of MHC-I and CD8 T cells, and is associated with resistance to ICT, which can be reversed by c-kit inhibitor treatment.

Biological nitrogen fixation is vital for sustainable agriculture, yet nitrogenase engineering is hindered by limited insight into their essential metallocluster cofactor assembly and transfer. Here, by capturing the nitrogenase biosynthetic component NifEN in multiple structural states, a tunnel-and-switch mechanism that coordinates receipt, maturation and delivery of the FeMo-cofactor precursor is revealed.

A simple cut can wake up a dormant plant. New research uncovers how a wound instructs buds to resume cell division and sugar transport, driving them to sprout.

Two-dimensional boridene supports neuromorphic optoelectronic computing through anomalous electrical anisotropy. Its low-temperature deposition supports back-end-of-line-compatible fabrication of twelve-inch wafer arrays.

Fanjiang Kong, Zhixi Tian, Xingliang Hou, Baohui Liu and colleagues report the cloning and functional characterization of J, the locus underlying the long-juvenile (LJ) trait that has enabled tropical cultivation of soybean. They show that J, an ortholog of Arabidopsis ELF3, downregulates the expression of E1, thereby promoting flowering under short-day conditions.

Reversed forks must be protected from uncontrolled nucleolytic degradation. Xie et al. reveal a collaborative defense mechanism orchestrated by Myb/SANT-like DNA-binding domain-containing protein 4 and the breast cancer susceptibility proteins (BRCA1/2)–DNA repair protein RAD51 pathway, which synergistically preserve the integrity of reversed forks.

Non-Annex I countries—mostly developing countries under the UN climate framework—excluding China accounted for approximately 61% of hydrofluorocarbon emission growth during 2011–2020, while China’s emissions have been overestimated since 2017, according to atmospheric observational data and inverse modelling.

A nonlinear Hall rectenna based on the type-II Weyl semimetal niobium iridium tetratelluride (NbIrTe₄) can offer 27th-order nonlinear frequency comb generation and high-bandwidth mixing exceeding 100 GHz.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Li, Li, Yang and Huang et al. show that ultraviolet-induced ribotoxic stress activates ZAK signaling to phosphorylate the Integrator subunit INTS12, thus promoting Integrator recruitment to CSB-bound, stalled RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and facilitating Pol II removal during efficient transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair.

Aqueous batteries suffer from poor performance in extreme cold. Here, authors design an electrolyte enabling a high-energy zinc-sulfur battery that operates at –50 °C, offering a promising solution for low-temperature energy storage.

Various cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can trigger endocytosis independently of specific lysosome-targeting receptors (LTRs). Here, the authors present CPP-mediated lysosome-targeting chimeras (CPPTACs), a versatile platform that enables the efficient degradation of cell surface proteins without dependence on specific LTRs.

The monolithic integration of a magnetoelectric antenna with a magnetic tunnel junction yields a device that converts electromagnetic waves into a d.c. voltage at sub-microwatt power levels, achieving a wireless detection sensitivity exceeding 90 kV W⁻¹.

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction typically requires high-concentration CO₂ sources to reach high levels of activity. Here, molecular azobenzene-derived coordination polymers with integrated nickel catalyst capture low-concentration CO₂ and convert it to CO with high activity and single-pass conversion efficiency.

Here the authors present NCATS-SM0225, a small molecule that inhibits ERAD and selectively kills cancer cells by binding VDACs, disrupting calcium homeostasis, and triggering the PERK-STIM1 pathway to degrade ERAD regulators.

This study demonstrates a low-energy photon device based on the kagome metal RbV₃Sb₅. It demonstrates that Fermi surface reconstruction, driven by a phase transition, leads to the emergence of van Hove singularities near the Fermi level.

In this study, Marlin et al. provide insights into the potential use of subunit vaccines that induce a high level of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Farside ground truth information gathered by Chang’e-6, integrated with orbital and nearside sample data, refines global lunar chemical maps and provides a framework to guide future exploration.

The authors demonstrate mode-multiplexed holography using current-addressed OAM components in VCSELs to increase channel capacity. Monolithic nanoprinted holograms within 100×100 μm^2 footprint enable dynamic displays with a refresh rate of ~1.93 GHz.

The authors find that O-GalNAc transferase 2 (GALNT2) restricts viral infection, probably through the regulation of the proteolytic processing of viral glycoproteins via its O-linked glycosylation activity, impairing virus–cell fusion.

The authors demonstrated a chiral R-PbI₂ interface in metal halides heterostructure that yields 68% spin-injection efficiency and 29% polarization in photocurrent. This precision engineering provides a vital pathway for efficient opto-spintronics.

This study highlights the Wheat Spatial Omics Consortium, which aims to build a spatiotemporal single-cell atlas of wheat in response to different treatments, thereby contributing to the development of sustainable and climate-resilient wheat.

Achieving room-temperature blackbody-sensitive photodetectors with an ultrabroadband response is challenging. Here, the authors report a bioinspired detector using the 2D flat-band quantum material Nb3I8 that enables sensitive detection from the shortwave to the very long-wave infrared.

Phage therapy is emerging as a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating various infections. However, there have been no prior studies on the use of bacteriophages for peritonitis in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Authors present a successful case of treating refractory peritonitis in a 71- year-old male patient on peritoneal dialysis using bacteriophages combined with antibiotics.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

A versatile nano-adaptor is used to construct multi-specific nano-antibodies for treatment of tumours in mice.

Biogenic–anthropogenic interactions increase the formation and prevalence of secondary organic aerosol coatings on urban black carbon in Nanjing, China. These coatings amplify radiative effects, according to a model–data analysis for 2023.

The impact of fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) on device longevity has been overlooked. Here, the authors employ thermal evaporated yttrium oxide to strengthen structural stability of FTO, achieving maximum efficiency of 26.48% and 28.47% in regular and all-perovskite tandem structures, respectively.

Fang and colleagues show that the metabolite succinate can inhibit succinylation, and consequently protection from ubiquitin-mediated degradation, of the transcription factor FOXP3, with consequences on T_reg cell-suppressive function and IBD pathology.