Search

This study found COVID-19 vaccination offers added protection against reinfection in children and adolescents with prior infection but variable effectiveness across variants. Findings support vaccination benefits beyond infection-acquired immunity.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Difelikefalin is an FDA-approved KOR-targeted drug for chronic pruritus yet exhibits side effects. Here, researchers solve cryo-EM structure of difelikefalin KOR-Gi, identifying Y320^7.43 as a key bias residue. Substituting D-Phe1 with β-phenylalanine develops beta01 which retains analgesic/antipruritic efficacy via a unique receptor conformation that reduces adverse effects.

Many hospitalised children with acute illness in low- and middle-income countries experience incomplete recovery, readmission, and post-discharge mortality despite guideline-directed care. Here the authors report multiomic profiling to investigate biological drivers of hospital in-patient and post-discharge mortality in 3,101 acutely ill children across nine sites in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Placenta plays a central role in prenatal development, yet it has been notably underrepresented in large-scale tissue-specific genomic and transcriptomic initiatives. Here, the authors generate a comprehensive placental transcriptome reference using long-read sequencing, revealing unexpected transcriptional complexity. Applied to gestational diabetes data, the reference identified pregnancy hormone isoforms mediating effects on newborn birth weight.

Reducing dissipation when generating spin currents remains a central challenge in spintronics. Now, an artificial ferrimagnet is shown to produce spin current output and simultaneously lower magnetic damping.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

The mechanisms driving reversible dedifferentiation events towards a drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state remain to be explored. Here, multi-omics, information-theoretic approaches and dynamic systems modelling highlight the role of the oxidative-stress–mediated NF-κB/RelA axis in driving the transition towards DTP across multiple cancer types.

Daratumumab, an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, was recently approved for patients with high-risk smoldering myeloma to prevent progression to overt myeloma. Here, the authors present results on a Phase II trial of daratumumab in patients of earlier stage to determine response and safety in that population.

Analyses of epidemiological, clinical and molecular data from a prospective cohort of 3,100 patients with esophageal carcinoma suggest intestinal metaplasia as a single precancer pathway preceding the disease.

Chern ferromagnetism is established in twisted bilayer MoTe₂ devices at large twist angles. Here, the authors observe evidence of antiferromagnetic ground states with zero Hall resistance at an intermediate twist angle around three degrees, demonstrating the sensitivity of the magnetic ground state.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Ji, He, Cai, and colleagues report an engineered senescence therapy that exploits lipid metabolic features of senescent cells, repurposing excess lipids as functional resources to improve joint function, and thus alleviating osteoarthritis without eliminating the cells.

Colonic goblet cell-associated passages allow translocation of live bacteria to other organs in early life, potentially leading to beneficial impacts.

Orbital hybridization and quantum confinement are used to realize Ising-like superconductivity in trilayers of gallium, which alone is probably not strongly enough spin–orbit coupled to host such superconductivity under high in-plane magnetic fields.

RNA editing influences gene regulation in cancer. Here, the authors show that EZH2 regulates RNA editing by ADAR1 through remodeling its interactome and nuclear transport, thereby promoting MDM2 expression and prostate cancer progression.

Au nanowires with an unconventional hexagonal close-packed (4H) phase stabilize the 4H-phase high-entropy alloys grown epitaxially on their surface through a facile chemical synthesis. The resulting core–shell nanostructures demonstrate promising overall water electrolysis performance.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.

Accurate characterization of emerging quantum sensors requires an imaging technique that does not depend on defect-specific optical readout. Here, using a NV center in diamond, the authors detect and map boron vacancy defects in hBN via spin cross-relaxation, enabling quantitative nanoscale imaging and spectroscopy without detecting hBN emission.

This study uses brain recordings, self-reports, and facial analysis to decode acute pain in epilepsy patients. Machine learning reveals stable neural markers in mesolimbic, striatal, and cortical regions, plus facial cues, enabling reliable pain detection in naturalistic settings.

Two individuals with KCNT1-related epileptic encephalopathy were treated with a KCNT1-targeting antisense oligonucleotide, leading to significant reductions in seizure frequency and intensity, but also the development of hydrocephalus.

Here, the authors show that the PLA2G6 protein is a component of the IP3R1–GRP75–VDAC1 complex at the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, maintaining the integrity and function of ER–mitochondria contacts.

The study reveals a ‘chemocentric’ strategy for identifying charged molecular glue degraders, through discovering a bromodomain-binding molecular glue degrader prodrug that is metabolically activated in cells to recruit the YPEL5-CTLH E3 ligase.

Global travel hubs could be key in future pandemic surveillance efforts. Here, using a global metapopulation model calibrated to epidemiology, phylogeography and air travel, the authors show that traveler-focused genomic surveillance at key hubs can speed up detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants under resource constraints.

The electronic behaviour of complex oxides such as LaNiO₃ depends on many intrinsic and extrinsic factors, making it challenging to identify microscopic mechanisms. Here the authors demonstrate the influence of oxygen vacancies on the thickness-dependent metal-insulator transition of LaNiO₃ films.

Chimaeric antigen receptor macrophages including the MyD88 activation domain target mesothelin for treatment of lung cancer brain metastases.

Room-temperature multiferroic materials are highly demanded for designing next-generation of spintronic devices. Here, the authors demonstrate an emergent room-temperature ferrimagnetism and polar phase in highly strained La₂CoRuO₆ epitaxial films through engineered 3d−4d cation ordering.

The Human Development Multiomic Atlas catalogues single-cell accessibility and gene expression data from human fetal cells across 12 organs, enabling the inference of syntactic rules for motifs that govern cell-type-specific transcription factor binding and chromatin accessibility during human development.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

Remote sensed information and population data for continental Africa are used to assess how migration acts as an adaptation response after drought event. The effect on mobility is amplified with drought frequency and poverty.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Argon-42 is a background in experiments that search for dark matter or neutrinoless double-beta decay. Now, the isotope’s abundance is measured by combining a laser-based atom trapping technique with isotope pre-enrichment.

Identification of genetic variants associated with the efficacy and side effects of GLP1 medications could underpin development of precision medicine approaches in the treatment of obesity.

Chen, Cai et al., present a rigorous human-in-the-loop framework for evaluating the medical performance of AI-generated responses to real clinical questions, using a scale aligned with physician career stages. Although some models perform at levels comparable to early-career physicians, substantial rates of incompetent answers and hallucinations demonstrate that unmonitored clinical deployment remains risky, underscoring the continuing need for expert oversight.

Yu et al. identify HELDR as a lncRNA co-amplified with EGFR in glioblastoma to promote a KAT7-activated malignancy programme, which can be potentially targeted with anti-EGFR therapy for improved therapeutic outcomes.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

A low-cost, modular self-driving laboratory platform (RoboChem-Flex) is designed to democratize autonomous chemical experimentation. This platform combines customizable hardware with Python-based control software to make advanced Bayesian optimization more accessible. Photochemical, biocatalytic and thermal processes are demonstrated, showcasing a broad range of potential applications in both fully closed-loop and human-in-the-loop approaches.

It remains unclear why some BRCA-deficient high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) do not respond to platinum-based therapy. Here, multi-omic analysis of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient HGSC attributes co-occurring mutations, DNA repair deficiency and tumor microenvironment features to short survival in these patients.

Decreased brain volumes and increased NfL levels can be observed earlier than disease diagnosis in short-tandem-repeat-associated neurological diseases.

The authors mapped the continental-scale fraction of age-dependent leaf area index and revealed a widespread increase in the fraction of photosynthetically efficient young leaves across the majority of Amazon rainforests over the past decades.

Bistable superlattice switching between two lattice configurations with sharply contrasting periodicities has been observed in monolayer TaIrTe₄, a dual quantum spin Hall insulator.

The authors provide experimental evidence that Eu substitution in the spacer layer of Nd_1-xEu_xNiO₂ thin films enhances the superconducting gap, driving the system toward a strong-coupling regime. The Eu substitution also introduces exchange coupling between Eu 4f magnetic moments and Ni 3d_x²−y² electrons, leading to magnetic-field-enhanced “re-entrant” superconductivity.

Deep learning-based modeling of interphase DNA-FISH images enables accurate detection of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) across cell lines, xenografts, and patient tissues, overcoming the traditional requirement for mitotic cells in metaphase spreads.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Most patients with B-cell leukemia respond to chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy, yet many relapse due to loss of CAR T function. Here, the authors show that the metabolism of CAR T from short- and long-term responders is different, which may explain why CAR T lose functionality.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited efficacy in recurrent high-grade astrocytoma (rHGA). Here the authors report the results of a Phase 1/randomized Phase 2b trial of laser interstitial thermal therapy followed by anti-PD1 pembrolizumab in patients with rHGA.