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Elevated adipocyte-derived AFABP in obesity disrupts iron homeostasis in intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which impairs PPARα signalling and blocks ISC differentiation after injury.

Natural variation in the promoter of OsTPS8 contributes to differences in grain chalkiness and seed vigor between indica and japonica rice subspecies by altering trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis and α-amylase levels.

How high-fat diet disrupts brain circuits that regulate food intake is unclear. Here, the authors show such a diet downregulates Hcn1 and Gad2 in lateral septum, which in turn disrupts circuit activity and promotes overeating and obesity in mice.

Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations show that the crystal–melt interfacial energies of MgSiO₃ bridgmanite increase substantially with pressure, potentially forming unusually large bridgmanite crystals and suggesting a new physical mechanism driving magma ocean segregation.

This study reveals that α-lipoic acid (ALA) is reduced in aged mouse and human intestine and ALA supplementation reduces aging hallmarks. Paneth cells play a role in the effects of ALA.

Nutrient-sensing pathways undergo deregulation in aged animals. Here the authors uncover a significant alteration in the composition of intestinal epithelial cells during aging which is caused by changes to the differentiation direction of intestinal stem cells.

Subtle changes in molecular backbone geometry impact intermolecular interactions and performance of organic solar cells. Here, authors show how fused-ring configurations dictate the packing of isomeric small-molecule acceptors and achieve an efficiency of 20.07% for non-halogenated ternary devices.

Transition metal compounds provide a versatile platform for tailoring Mott physics. Here, the authors reveal that hybridization between the lower Hubbard band and the chalcogen band stabilizes the Mott state through bandwidth tuning in the 1T-MX₂ (M = Nb, Ta; X = S, Se) family.

De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 maize FILs provide insights into genomic and phenotypic differentiation of various heterotic groups and the molecular basis of heterosis in maize.

Achieving efficiency by approaching the theoretical limit in silicon heterojunction solar cells remains challenging. Here, the authors fabricate devices using rear-side polishing and progressive RF/VHF PECVD film deposition schemes for doping layers, realizing a certified cell efficiency of 27.0%.

The genetic basis of grapevine thermotolerance remains poorly understood. Here, the authors identify WRKY transcription factor TTC4 as a positive regulator of thermotolerance and reveal its possible upstream repressor SPL13 and downstream target genes HSP18.1 and APX3.

Glasses exhibit ultra-slow relaxation dynamics in the deeply nonequilibrium regime, which remain poorly understood in both theory and experiment. Zhao et al. introduce a unifying empirical framework to characterize these dynamics, based on which they propose a kinetics-based method for dating glassy materials.

Investigation of the reaction process at the single-bond interface is key to understanding the catalytic reaction mechanism. Here, the authors develop a STM-BJ method to monitor the catalytic process from the perspective of single-bond energy.

Two impact-melt fragments in Chang’e-6 lunar soils reveal that the Apollo basin was formed at ~4.16 Ga, implying a non-cataclysmic late heavy bombardment on the Moon between 3.8 and 4.0 Ga.

This study presents ECloudGen, which uses latent diffusion to generate electron clouds from protein pockets and decodes them into molecules. The adopted two-stage training expands the chemical space accessible to generative drug design.

Targeted degradation has the potential to treat diseases associated with pathological protein build up. Here, the authors report on an oligo-PROTAC which degrades FUS, a protein associated with frontotemporal dementia, demonstrating delivery on DNA nanoflowers for increase blood-brain barrier crossing and retention.

Few-layer-thick 2D materials offer desirable electronic, thermal and mechanical properties, but their large-scale layer-controlled synthesis is still challenging. Here, the authors report an edge-feeding synchronous epitaxial growth method to synthesize homogeneous A3-sized graphene films with controlled thickness between 2 and 7 layers.

The functional link between MYC and CTCF in prostate cancer remains to be investigated. Here, the authors highlight the role of MYC in rewiring chromatin architecture by interacting with CTCF protein.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen that can cause outbreaks. In 2019, these authors conducted a genomic surveillance study of A baumannii in an intensive care unit in China, and here they report findings from a follow up study in 2021.

Organic solar cells processed from green solvents are easier to implement in manufacturing yet their efficiency is low. Chen et al. devise a guest molecule to improve the molecular packing, enabling devices with over 17% efficiency.

This work introduces roll-to-roll fluidics, a method that enhances reagent efficiency and reduces turnaround time, enabling rapid and economical next-generation sequencing.

It is important to understand cellular uptake of nanoparticles, but the effects of cell cycle and autophagy are underexplored. Here, the authors construct a multi-functional, multi-dimensional platform, and use this to characterise the effects of cell cycle- and autophagy-associated cellular accumulation of clinically used lipid-based nanoparticles.

Marginal liver grafts are associated with a higher risk of graft failure due to their increased susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, the authors show the regulatory mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 21 and offer insights into its clinical application in early liver graft injury.

An organic regulator that can tune the crystallization sequence of active layer components has been described, achieving a certified efficiency of over 20% in single-junction organic solar cells, demonstrating remarkable tolerance for active layer thickness of 100–400 nm.

Cunshi Wang and colleagues report StarWhisper Telescope system, an AI agent to control amateur telescope array to make astronomical observations of cosmic transients. The agent is a blueprint for control systems of future telescope arrays where AI-based autonomy will be critical.

A 2.5-billion-year record of oxygen isotopes in sedimentary sulfate reveals the transitional oxygenation of the Earth’s surface and provides constraints on the dynamic, lengthy co-oxygenation of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans.

Social status mediates individual differences in methamphetamine-seeking by modulating dopaminergic pathways. In subordinate rodents, the mesolimbic pathway is stronger, and the mesocortical pathway is weaker, whereas dominant rodents show the opposite pattern.

The authors integrate artificial intelligence with laboratory automation to create a widely applicable autonomous platform for efficient and scalable enzyme engineering.

Reconstructive phase transitions in materials are usually slow due to large activation energy barriers. Here, the authors show a kinetically favorable layer-by-layer mechanism in Ti₃O₅ transformations using machine-learning molecular dynamics simulations.

Wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells suffer from phase segregation. Zhang et al. show that thiocyanate ions overcome the issue by occupying iodide vacancies while regulating crystallization, enabling perovskite/organic tandem cells with 25.06% efficiency.

Congenital scoliosis is a complex genetic disorder characterized by vertebral malformation. Here, the authors demonstrate that loss of dstyk leads to scoliosis in zebrafish due to dysregulated biogenesis of notochord vacuoles and that DSTYK is required for lysosome biogenesis through mTORC1 regulation.

The solvent choice for processing organic solar cells impacts layer morphology and ultimately device performance. By controlling the molecular interactions, Zhang et al. realize a solvent-independent morphology that leads to high device efficiency.

ELD1, a CCHC-type zinc finger protein, is found to modulate alternative splicing of the core oscillator gene OsCCA1 and thereby regulate photoperiodic flowering in rice. This reveals additional links between light signaling and the circadian clock.

Samples from 19 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with a combination of chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade are profiled with single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to identify factors associated with treatment resistance.

GY3 encodes a LOG-like protein that acts as a 5′-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase in cytokinin synthesis. A Gypsy solo-LTR insertion downregulates GY3 expression and shows the potential to enhance grain yield in rice.

CLAPM uses proximity labeling mass spectrometry to monitor proteomes within phase-separated droplets. This approach identifies condensate-specific proteins to assess proteome dynamics in various cell types and a neurodegenerative disease mouse model.

The mantle’s oxygen fugacity has been constant since the Hadean, according to data from the ambient mantle and plume-derived melts. Mantle cooling reduced melting depth, which raised the fo₂ of mantle-derived melts and aided atmospheric oxygenation.

The African swine fever virus represents a threat to global pig production. Here, the authors determine the cryo-EM structures of ASFV RNA polymerase, and suggest that the M1249L subunit may modulate polymerase activity in cells.