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Cryogenic Li | |Cl₂ batteries face severe interfacial instability. Here, authors demonstrate a solvation reconfiguration strategy to build a robust interphase, enabling stable cycling of Li | |Cl₂ batteries for over 1100 cycles at –40 °C.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Available genomic prediction models lack scalability and interpretability. The authors introduce a deep learning framework that incorporates GWAS derived SNP weights into a hybrid CNN Transformer architecture, improving prediction accuracy and interpretability in soybean, maize, rice, and wheat.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Radiotherapy response in colorectal cancer (CRC) is often limited and recurrence is common. Here, the authors show that the kinase NEK8 induces radioresistance by lactate-mediated immunosuppression and that inhibiting NEK8 restores antitumor immunity and improves radiotherapy sensitivity in preclinical CRC.

Authors reconstruct the molecular evolution of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in East Asia. SFTSV splits into two lineages with diversity driven by segment-specific reassortment; transmission occurs via distinct networks.

Han et al. report a highly conductive composite electrode with low equivalent sheet resistance of 1.5 Ω sq-1. A self-masking method is developed to prevent shunting caused by uneven grid surfaces, enabling flexible organic solar cells with efficiencies of 15.20% (4 cm² devices) and 14.24% (16 cm² devices).

High yield and wide adaptation rice are crucial for grain supply and food security. Here the authors report OsPI4Kγ7 which contributes to different “adaptability-yield” trade-offs in japonica and indica, and provides an alternative breeding strategy for raising grain yield in different latitudes.

Lithium dendrites are a major barrier to the use of high-energy lithium metal batteries. Now, a highly adhesive polymer electrolyte is designed to suppress lithium dendrites by confining lithium in a continuous nucleation state through strong interfacial binding interactions.

Pathological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) are not fully understood. Here authors show that stress-induced Sgk1 upregulation in basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to the hippocampus as a key mechanism underlying the delayed PTSD-like avoidance behavior in mice.

Extreme environments host diverse microbes, yet their global diversity remains underexplored. Here, the authors analyze both isolate genomes and metagenomes from various extreme habitats to construct a microbial genomic catalog, and use protein language models to identify antimicrobial peptides active against drug-resistant pathogens.

Raised serum urate levels are a risk factor for gout, a common form of inflammatory arthritis. Here Li et al.conduct a multistage genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese population and identify three novel loci likely associated with the progression from hyperuricemia to gout.

This study reveals how the Vip1-Vip2 binary toxin assembles and enables protein translocation into target cells, providing structural insights into binary toxin action and suggesting strategies for developing next-generation bioinsecticides.

Protein complexes are the machinery of life, yet mapping their structures across different species is challenging. This study presents an atlas of 1.1million cross-kingdom structures, revealing 181,671 high-confidence complexes that uncover new higher-order structures and evolutionary links.

High-nickel layered positive electrodes suffer from lattice oxygen loss and inherent lattice strain. Here, authors report a self-derived subtractive strategy to form a coherent spinel-phase shell with tunable thickness to confine active oxygen intermediates and suppresses interfacial side reactions.

Cryo-EM structures of ZYG11B-EloB-EloC-substrate complex reveal architecture of CRL2^ZYG11B E3 ligase. ZYG11B forms both monomeric and dimeric assemblies, and functional assays show that dimerization enhances substrate ubiquitination and degradation.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune condition and treatment options have limited efficacy. Here, by analysis clinical samples and employing preclinical models, the authors show that cGAMP levels are elevated in the plasma of patients with SLE and that loss of cGAS ameliorates symptoms in an imiquimod-induced lupus model. Importantly, they identify prasugel as a cGAS inhibitor with promising therapeutic potential.

Persistent luminescence is promising for photodynamic therapy in deep-seated tumors, but the uncontrollability of light within the body complicates precise spatiotemporal regulation. Here, the authors report X-ray preactivated elimusertib-loaded tumor-targeted photodynamic nanoparticles with controllable “on-off-on” afterglow properties for the treatment of deep-seated tumors.

Fe3GaTe2 is a room temperature van der Waals ferromagnet, which, despite having a centrosymmetric crystal structure, has both a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and hosts topological spin textures. Here, Xia, Luo, Malik and coauthors unravel this mystery, showing the critical role of field cooling in the breaking of inversion symmetry in Fe3GaTe2.

Ground-level ozone is harmful, and efficient removal in humid air remains difficult. Ultrafine cobalt oxide confined in a metal-organic framework delivers sustained complete conversion across wide humidity by enabling interfacial hydrogen transfer.

The development of Tat clusters has advanced the intracellular delivery of functional antibodies at low concentrations, but the variety of proteins that can be successfully delivered remains limited. Here, the authors report that by reversibly modifying the surface of functional proteins with anionic peptides, various protein cargoes (otherwise difficult to deliver) can be delivered into living cells by synergetic electrostatic interactions with the cationic cell-penetrating peptide clusters TAT₃.

The cellular origin and developmental trajectory of DICER1 syndrome-associated tumors are currently unknown. Here, the authors employ a lineage-traceable genetically modified mouse model for DICER1 syndrome to identify universal fibroblasts as the likely cellular origin of mouse Dicer1 sarcoma and map their developmental trajectory, findings that are validated in human DICER1 mesenchymal tumors.

The rapid rise of artificial intelligence pushes the need for more efficient computing. Here, authors propose an electrically reconfigurable, all-optical logic processing unit based on the combination of Kerr nonlinearities and high-entropy MXene surface terminations. They achieve an accuracy of 97.7% for digit recognition on the MNIST dataset.

Genome annotation typically requires costly experimental assays across diverse cell types, limiting its scalability. Here, authors introduce BioSeq2Seq, a deep learning framework that leverages DNA sequence and run-on sequencing (RO-seq) data to accurately predict histone modifications, functional elements, gene expression, and transcription factor binding sites.

Autophagy has been reported to have an important role in glioblastoma temozolomide resistance but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors identify RFC4-STK38-BECN1 complex as a driver of autophagy activation and subsequent temozolomide resistance in preclinical models of glioblastoma.

Sodium-ion batteries require electrolytes that withstand high voltages and low temperatures for commercial use. Here, authors design a non-flammable sulfonamide solvent with a melting point as low as −86 °C, enabling stable, conductive interphases on both electrodes. This electrolyte allows 1-Ah pouch cells to retain capacity at −60 °C/−70 °C and achieve long cycling stability (up to 81.6% after 1000 cycles at 4.2 V).

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

High-latitude soils are future soil organic carbon loss hotspots, with losses dominated by particulate organic carbon (POC). The fraction of POC in total SOC (f_POC) is a key indicator, emphasizing the climate importance of preserving POC.

Microalgae‑based hydrogen production faces challenges including oxygen sensitivity, high water demand, and low efficiency. The authors develop a symbiotic hydrogel system that enhances hydrogen production by using coaxial 3D bioprinting to spatially separate microalgae and bacteria.

Ti/Co dual-doped LaFeO₃ perovskite rapidly removes humic acid from water, and its magnetic, Fenton-active design enables easy recovery and quick in situ regeneration with H₂O₂ for stable long-term reuse.

Ovarian cancer is common among women and is the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. Here the authors identify two previously unknown genetic variants that increase the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in Han Chinese women.

The immune mechanism of radioresistance in cancer patients remains to be explored. The authors here show that CXCL13 is upregulated in tumor regions upon radiation, which recruits immune suppressive CXCR5⁺ monocytes. Blocking CXCR5/CXCL13 interactions facilitate tumor control following radiation.

Achieving high power scaling in ultrawide bandgap electronics remains challenging. Here, the authors present a Ga₂O₃ module using a high permittivity interface that enables fast megawatt pulsed switching with improved thermal performance.

Studying RNA in cellular condensates requires precise tools. Here, the authors developed an orthogonal RNA aptamer system for simultaneous RNA visualization and targeted degradation, revealing new roles for specific RNAs in stress granule and NP body dynamics.

Inborn errors of cell death (IECD) with autoinflammatory manifestations could be induced by excessive T cell death. Here the authors characterize IECD patients with autoinflammatory manifestations who possess overactive RIPK1 variants which promote T cell death, secretion of TNF and IFN-γ along with activation of monocytes and macrophages which promotes further autoinflammation.

Leveraging multi-element symbiosis, protective interfacial nanolayers are engineered in an intermetallic alloy. This results in a high fatigue limit of ~1,100 MPa, far exceeding that of conventional intermetallic alloys.

Accurately mapping diverse cell types in complex tissues remains a challenge for spatial transcriptomics. Here, the authors present UCASpatial, an entropy-weighted algorithm that enables ultra-precision deconvolution to resolve fine-grained immune landscapes and explore intercellular mechanisms.

Both endogenous and exogenous signaling pathways are involved in the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here, the authors uncover that endogenous VEGF signaling safeguards pluripotency and prevents extra-embryonic differentiation in primed hESCs via activation of transcription factor NANOG and suppression of BMP signaling activity.

Here, the authors report a bacterial anti-phage defense system that targets the phage DNA entry phase. This system is termed HXS and consists of four proteins that function together to inhibit phage DNA entry providing broad-spectrum activity.

Colour-tuneable room temperature phosphorescence is challenging to achieve, but has potential in applications. Here, the authors report the study of carbazole and benzindole derivatives within a unified framework, allowing materials with a range of phosphorescence colours.

Single-cell transcriptome profiling has been reported for human thymi, but high-resolution spatial information is still lacking. Here the authors use Stereo-seq to report spatial transcriptomic and proteomic information from human fetal and pediatric thymi to provide a useful resource, and to define transcription factor networks regulating rare thymic cell types.

Bacteria of the genus Fusobacterium are associated with diverse diseases, but taxonomic ambiguities complicate species-level identification. Here, the authors describe practical methods for Fusobacterium species identification, which allows a reinterpretation of disease associations.

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

This work enables seamless fiber-to-fiber and fiber-to-chip mode-field conversions and establishes a universal multi-dimensional parallel communication architecture for next-generation high-capacity data transmission and management.

China’s growing wastewater sector uses substantial water and energy, straining limited resources. This study shows that optimizing treatment processes nationwide could cut 2035 water and energy footprints by up to 25% at modest extra cost.

You, Hu et al. discover a population of COTL1^high NK cells regulated by GITRL⁺ macrophages and demonstrate their functional importance in mediating anti-tumour immunity in cancer with impaired tumour-specific MHC-I expression.