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Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Targeted degradation of proteins has therapeutic potential for a range of diseases. Here the authors report on an endosome-phagosome linking assembly for autophagic degradation of membrane and extracellular proteins, demonstrating degradation of a range of proteins of therapeutic interest.

Quantum light sources are promising for quantum circuits, yet facing an inherent trade-off between multifunction and brightness. By leveraging a strategy based on parity-time symmetry, we demonstrate an on-chip quantum light source with programmable lifetime, achieving a 20-fold tuning range of lifetime and balanced photon-pairs generation rate.

Manganese-based oxides are promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries. Here, authors design a titanium substituted oxide cathode with an optimized structure, achieving long cycle life, good air/water stability, and validation in pouch cells, supported by theory and experiments.

As a result of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), many fluorophores show only weak emission when incorporated into covalent organic frameworks. Here, the authors report the development of emissive COFs from ACQ chromophores by an energy level matching strategy.

Laser plasma instabilities are the main factors contributing to degradation of hohlraum performance in inertial confinement fusion experiments. Here, the authors show asymmetric backscattering within the same laser cone at the SG-100kJ laser facility, unveiling the role of crossed-beam energy transfer and laser polarization.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has become the standard of care in patients with resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (LA-ESCC). Here, authors present a randomised phase II trial reporting the non-inferiority of neoadjuvant camrelizumab (anti-PD-1) and chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin) compared to chemoradiation (nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and radiotherapy in patients with resectable LA-ESCC.

By resonant excitation of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, a deterministic single-photon source is demonstrated. Single-photon purity of 0.9795(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13), and an overall end-to-end efficiency of 0.712(18) are simultaneously obtained.

Time reflection and refraction are experimentally observed in ultracold atoms. To this end, the time boundary is formed by imposing an abrupt change in the coupling strength of the atomic chain. Time boundary effects are robust against material disorder.

All-solid-state batteries offer high energy density and safety but face interfacial and mechanical challenges. Here, authors present a dispersed defect toughening strategy for halide electrolytes, improving mechanical robustness without sacrificing conductivity, advancing practical use of all-solid-state batteries.

A bile acid-bound structure of toxin TcdB revealed the mechanism of inhibition and guided the design of a synthetic bile acid that alleviated Clostridioides difficile infection in mice.

Gong et al. report an all-perovskite photovoltaic-powered battery using ethyl viologen diiodide and its derivative to modify the perovskite solar cell and the battery cathode, enabling an overall energy conversion efficiency of 18.54%. The flexible version powers a wearable glucose monitor for 24 h.

Current Li||I2 batteries suffer from limited capacity and polyiodides shuttling. Here, authors showcase a four-electron all-solid-state Li||I2 battery using a chloride-rich solid electrolyte that enables a solid-phase reversible I^-/I₂/I⁺ conversion, achieving high capacity and enhanced safety.

The microglia–neuron interactions contributing to neuronal hyperexcitability are unclear. Here, the authors show how GABA and C3 signaling coordinate microglial engulfment of inhibitory synapses, driving excitatory–inhibitory imbalance and neuronal hyperexcitability in epilepsy.

The commercialization of organic solar cells has been hindered by the limited device stability. Here, authors show that the connectivity of electron transport network is a key factor determining electron transport and device stability, with polymeric acceptors likely to establish such a network.

Helicobacter pylori FabX, a dehydrogenase/isomerase flavoprotein, is required for unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Here, the authors characterize FabX substrate recognition and catalytic mechanism, and reveal that it contains an atypical [4Fe-4S] cluster, which is essential and participates in the catalytic cycle.

Deviatoric stress induces an intrinsic self-trapped exciton state (STE-2) and enables transitions between two intrinsic STE states in pyramidal ZnO nanocrystals. This approach results in a remarkable shift in emission energy, from 2.34 eV to 2.88 eV.

Optineurin is linked to ALS and glaucoma, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors show that optineurin mutation causes deficits in axonal mitochondria transport and neurodegeneration, enhancing of which achieves axon protection and regeneration.

Nie et al. show that myocardial CCDC25 detects doxorubicin-induced neutrophil extracellular trap DNA and activates reactive oxygen species production and autophagy, leading to cardiotoxicity. Targeting CCDC25 exerts a cardioprotective effect without impacting the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in lymphoma and breast cancer models.

Carbon dioxide reforming can be used to valorize hydrocarbon-containing CO₂ streams without the use of external reductants, but existing methods remain inefficient. Here, an HZSM-5-encapsulated nickel catalyst is introduced that features a remarkable methane dry reforming activity combined with high methane utilization.

Nitric oxide reversibly breaches vascular basement membrane barriers, facilitating nanoparticle penetration into the tumour interstitium through explosive eruptions.

Propane dehydrogenation is an important reaction for the production of propylene, although effective catalysts are generally constructed from precious metals. Here, the authors report a high-performing earth-abundant alternative system for this reaction based on a particular form of cobalt on siliceous zeolites.

Using site-specific chemical crosslinking strategies, Ai, Tong and Deng et al. captured structural intermediates of ubiquitin E3 ligase RNF168-mediated H2A K13 and K15 monoubiquitination and adjacent dual monoubiquitination in the DNA damage repair response; the structural analysis revealed a helix-anchoring mechanism.

CD47 blockade can trigger T cell-mediated destruction of immunogenic tumors. Here the authors show that, by reprograming tumor cell metabolism toward OXPHOS for ATP production, tumor cell-intrinsic type I IFN signaling is required for CD47-SIRPa blockade efficacy.

Mechanical stiffness and self-healing properties are difficult to combine in synthetic hydrogels. Using polymer entanglements in co-planar nanoconfinement, stiff and self-healing hydrogels are fabricated, with applications in biology and engineering.

Cunshi Wang and colleagues report StarWhisper Telescope system, an AI agent to control amateur telescope array to make astronomical observations of cosmic transients. The agent is a blueprint for control systems of future telescope arrays where AI-based autonomy will be critical.

Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness depends on including virus strains in the vaccine that closely match those circulating in the upcoming season. In this study, the authors develop a computational model of influenza virus evolution to predict future circulating strains and therefore support vaccine strain selection.

The use of a dimensionally graded 2D perovskite interface and passivation results in perovskite solar cells with very low photovoltage loss.

Recently, there have been proposals to extend the concept of time crystals to topological order. Here the authors observe a prethermal topologically ordered time crystal on a superconducting quantum processor, where discrete time-translation symmetry breaking manifests for nonlocal rather than local observables.

The implementation of synthetic Abelian gauge fields in quantum simulators can result in chiral edge currents. The impact of non-Abelian gauge fields on chiral dynamics of ultracold atoms is now explored using a momentum-space lattice technique.

Early life experience modulates stress resilience in later life. Here the authors show that maternal care triggers microglia-derived IGF-1 levels, which suppresses the neuronal C/EBPβ-DRP1 axis, promoting stress resilience in adolescent mice.

Yuan and colleagues show that ERMAP expression on cancer cells delivers an ‘eat me’ signal to Kupffer cells by binding to Gal-9–dectin-2 on Kupffer cells and triggering phagocytosis.

Unlocking the complexities of protein structures and interactions within subcellular organelles is challenging. Here, the authors introduce SPACX, a method for spatially resolved protein complex profiling using biocompatible chemical cross-linking, enabling the analysis of protein conformation, interactions, and translocation in living cells.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

Quantum devices offer the potential to simulate quantum phenomena, which are otherwise computationally intractable. Here, Shi, Sun, Wang and coauthors use a superconducting quantum simulator to study spin-transport at infinite temperature.

This study demonstrates a WAKL4 receptor-like kinase that is rapidly and specifically induced by Cadmium. It reveals a unique mechanism conferred by the WAKL4-NRAMP1 module that enables plants to actively respond to Cadmium and limit its uptake.

Quantum speed limits are fundamental constraints on the speed of quantum state evolution. Here, the authors observe the known maximal quantum speed limits for few and many-body states on a superconducting quantum processor and identify the minimal quantum speed limits, which are less common than maximal ones.