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Aerial surveys over the Permian Basin found 500+ major methane leaks, many recurring. A few sites leaked continuously and offer quick mitigation wins. These super-emitters may produce ~50% of regional emissions, underscoring the need for frequent monitoring.

In Eastern Asia, vegetation greening, especially in perennial drylands, has increasingly reduced dust emissions since the early 2000s, with effects amplified over long timescales, underscoring the mitigating capacity of land-surface change for multi-decadal dust trends.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Employing intrusions with varying SiO₂ to represent the different layers of the continental crust (CC), a bulk CC δ^98/95Mo of −0.116 ± 0.011‰ is established, pointing to long-term mass balance between crustal growth and destruction.

A comprehensive atlas platform integrating transcriptional and epigenetic data enables more precise engineering of T cell states, accelerating the rational design of more effective cellular immunotherapies.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

The existence of phosphatases specialized in regulating the axon initial segment (AIS) was unclear. Here, the authors show that a PP2A-B55 subunit is selectively enriched at the AIS and contributes to its local phospho-regulation.

The authors report on engineering metazoan fatty acid synthase variants with tunable selectivity to obtain short- and medium-chain fatty acids, alcohols and aldehydes. Pairing these optimized enzymes with a yeast strain designed for efficient β-oxidation yields high production levels of medium-chain fatty acids.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The Greenland shark, the longest-living vertebrate, inhabits the dim, frigid depths of the Arctic Ocean. Despite its extreme lifespan, this study finds that its vision remains intact and well-adapted for life in dim light, revealing remarkable preservation of sensory function across centuries.

Wei et al. perform spatial transcriptomic profiling on synovial tissue biopsy samples from individuals with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis, finding TGFβ signaling and fibrogenic fibroblast activation drive a treatment-refractory tissue phenotype.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Man-made ammonia emissions have harmful effects on human health and ecosystems, yet global mitigation strategies remain underexploited. A study now finds that emissions could be halved cost-effectively by 2050 through targeted and prioritized measures, with benefits far outweighing costs.

As Nature Aging celebrates its fifth anniversary, the journal asks some of the researchers who contributed to the journal early on to reflect on the past and the future of aging and age-related disease research, the impact of the field on human health now and in the future, and what challenges need to be addressed to ensure sustained progress.

Amorphous films with tunable thermal conductivity are needed for semiconductor/aerospace fields. Amorphous Al(Ti)N nanoparticles have negligible effect on thermal conductivity of Si₃N₄ 2 W m⁻¹K⁻¹, while incorporating crystal TiN phases increases to 15 W m⁻¹K⁻¹.

Most genetic risk variants for brain disorders lie in non-coding regions and are difficult to interpret. Here, the authors develop BASIC, a method integrating bulk and single-cell eQTLs, to reveal cell-type-specific effects and improve gene discovery and disease colocalization.

Multi-template PCR enables parallel DNA amplification but suffers from sequence-specific biases. Here, the authors develop a 1D-CNN model predicting amplification efficiency directly from the DNA sequence and discover adapter-mediated self-priming as a key cause of uneven amplification during PCR.

Bacteria possess many types of antiviral immune systems, some of which are present also in eukaryotes. Here, Leão et al. explore the diversity and distribution of antiviral defense systems in archaea and their evolutionary relationships with bacterial and eukaryotic immune systems, supporting that Asgard archaea played important roles in the origin of eukaryotic innate immunity.

A majority methylammonium and iodine edge termination is observed by electron ptychography in the perovskite methylammonium lead iodide, and the stability of its edges and internal defects depends on the concentration and type of vacancies present.

Wang, Huang, Nelson, Gao, and colleagues perform a head-to-head comparison of multiple platforms for imaging spatial transcriptomics, determining their relative sensitivity, specificity, and ability to identify major cell types in clinical pathology samples.

Therapeutic options for patients with renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) are limited. Here the authors report the results of a phase II clinical trial of anti-PD1 nivolumab plus anti-CTLA4 ipilimumab in RMC, associating the activation of a myeloid mimicry program in tumor cells to the rapid disease progression and hyper-progression observed in treated patients.

A growing number of compounds are reported to extend lifespan, but it remains unclear whether they reduce mortality across the entire life course or only at specific ages. Here the authors introduce an analytic tool that pinpoints when, for how long, and to what extent presumptive anti-aging treatments alter mortality risk.

The neural mechanisms driving seizure development in peritumoral brain regions remain incompletely defined. Here, using patient tissue, glioma mouse model, and computational simulation, the authors identify early pathological activities that are predictive of tumor-associated seizures.

Together with a companion paper, molecular details of immune responses in a pig-to-human xenotransplantation are identified through dense longitudinal multi-omics profiling of the xenograft and the host recipient, across the 61-day procedure.

Concrete durability is crucial for infrastructure longevity. Here the authors use atomistic simulations to show how aluminum alters the bonding and surface energetics of cement hydrates, explaining its paradoxical dual role in durability.

Understanding how biosilica forms is crucial to our knowledge of this important biomaterial. Now, the role of collagen as structuring agent for the metre-long spicules of a primitive glass sponge has been revealed and found to have an unusual peptide motif.

Reduced order modeling is of paramount importance for accelerating engineering design and characterization. Here, authors propose a SHallow REcurrent Decoder-based Reduced Order Model (SHRED-ROM) to reconstruct high-dimensional, parametric and complex dynamics from limited sensor measurements.

Epistasis can be quantified using the chimeric formula, which mixes additive and multiplicative scales. Here, the authors show that this formula does not appropriately quantify higher-order epistasis.

Data obtained from the MicroBooNE liquid-argon time projection chamber are used to exclude the single light sterile neutrino interpretation of the LSND and MiniBooNE anomalies at the 95% confidence level.

The spin Seebeck effect (SSE) converts thermally induced magnetization dynamics in magnetic materials to spin currents, but is so far an inefficient process. Here, the authors achieved resonant enhancement of the SSE voltage 700% larger than previously observed in Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ by tuning the magnon lifetime via doping in \({{\rm{Lu}}}_{2}{{\rm{BiFe}}}_{4}{{\rm{GaO}}}_{12}\).

Visual experience synchronizes V1–LM theta oscillations, strengthens V1 → LM connectivity, and drives dendritic spine remodeling in WT mice, the processes disrupted in Fmr1 KO mice, revealing impaired inter-areal binding in Fragile X syndrome.

Surgical sterilization alone cannot control global stray and feral domestic cat populations. Here, Godin et al. show that a single-dose injectable female sterilant administered before puberty safely and completely prevents pregnancy after maturity.

“Methanol is an ideal feedstock for sustainable biomanufacturing. Here, the authors metabolically engineered a methylotrophic yeast for efficient production of the biodegradable plastic monomer L-lactate, which might support a circular economy.”

Conventional design of perovskite heterojunctions face challenges in precisely controlling interfacial phase purity at nanoscale. Here, the authors introduce dimethyl sulfide as a soft Lewis base additive in organic cation solution, achieving certified efficiency of 26.48% in stable solar cells.

Real-time recognition of microrobot state remains challenging due to their small size and imaging limitations. The authors integrate flexible RF antennas into shape-reconfigurable soft microrobots, enabling remote detection of shape transformations.

The carrier envelope offset phase (CEP) of a short laser pulse is tuned to control electrons on attosecond timescales, while rotational states are associated with much longer nanosecond timescales. Here, the authors introduce CEP control in rotational air lasing, unveiling nontrivial contribution from rotational states.

A high-resolution transcriptomic and epigenomic cell-type atlas of the developing mouse visual cortex from embryonic to postnatal development is presented, providing a real-time dynamic molecular map associated with individual cell types and specific developmental events.

China’s crowded coasts must balance seafood demand with conserving migratory shorebirds that rely on tidal flats along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. This study suggests that well-managed mariculture feeds shorebirds and limits overharvest, benefiting seafood production and biodiversity.

Ginhoux, Dutertre and colleagues provide a comprehensive analysis of dendritic cell subsets and states across human tumoral and juxtatumoral tissues.

Inversion of C3 stereochemistry of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) has to occur at some point during their biosynthesis; however, the mechanism has remained unresolved. Here, the authors report an oxidase–reductase enzyme pair encoded within a gene cluster and demonstrate their collaborative role in inverting MIA C3 stereochemistry.

There is still a need for effective HIV vaccines. In this phase I clinical trial, the authors show that an HIV-1 vaccine candidate, ConM SOSIP.v7, is well-tolerated in HIV-negative adults and that it elicits a strain-specific neutralising antibody response that differed between female and male participants.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Mineral carbonation could enable gigatonne-scale CO₂ removal. Here, the authors use molecular simulations to map a full CO₂ mineralization pathway at a wetting surface, revealing key reactive sites and optimal pH conditions for efficient carbonation.

Transcriptomic screening identifies pairs of cell-surface proteins that mediate repulsive interactions between axons and dendrites of non-cognate partner neurons, thereby contributing to correct synaptic partner matching.

The authors significantly enhance the high-temperature energy storage performance of bismuth sodium titanate-based relaxor ferroelectric multilayer ceramic capacitors via entropy modulated strain heterogeneity.

Long-distance migration and dispersion is a common characteristic of nearly all classes of telencephalic GABAergic neurons, which diversify extensively after birth in the cortex and striatum, but show limited postnatal changes in the septum, preoptic area and pallidum.