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Models of turbulent flows are often simulated in the laboratory, in sampling areas with dimensions <1 m. Here, the authors exploit a natural snowstorm to quantify turbulent flows, exploring the complex dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer around a 2.5-MW utility-scale wind turbine.

Vocal fold cancer tumours lose some of their malignant traits when mechanically stimulated by physiological stretch or vibrations, mimicking the opening and closing of vocal folds and phonation.

An optical archival storage technology based on femtosecond laser direct writing in glass addresses the practical demands of archival storage.

This work developed an all-fibre-coupled THz reflection single-pixel imaging system capable of real-time, in vivo, and in situ imaging. It achieves a five-fold improvement in throughput over the state of the art, reaching 30,000 pixels per second.

The lowest-frequency gravitational wave background may be shaped by supermassive black hole binaries that scatter nearby stars or dark matter. In this case, the NANOGrav 15-year dataset favours dense galactic centres with 10⁶ solar masses per cubic parsec.

Despite the growing literature and widespread interest in transformational adaptation, its definition remains contested. The results of a global expert survey reveal broad agreement on 13 key elements that should be included in defining transformational adaptation.

The propagation of structured light in free space is bound to the existing solutions of Helmholtz equation. Here, authors propose a hydrodynamic formulation of optics to design and generate well-known beam families and introduce additional specialized modes. The formalism is experimentally validated through optical tweezers and free-space communications.

Mitosis and apoptosis spread as trigger waves through the Xenopus cytoplasm. The present work shows that wave speed is robust to cytoplasmic concentration and dilution, thanks to a near-exact balance of diffusion, concentration, and crowding effects.

Muscularis macrophages, housekeepers of enteric nervous system integrity and intestinal homeostasis, modulate α-synuclein pathology and neurodegeneration in models of Parkinson’s disease, and understanding the accompanying mechanisms could pave the way for early-stage biomarkers.

This study identifies key neurocognitive domains that distinguish patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals using machine learning. Analyzing data from 1,304 participants, it demonstrates that verbal learning and emotion identification effectively classify conditions, promoting efficient neurocognitive profiling strategies.

We demonstrated high-speed VCSEL in-memory neural networks that deliver billion optical convolutions per second for massively parallel edge intelligence at ultralow energy and latency.

Noradrenergic circuits support and balance aggressive behavioural states in predatory nematodes, distinguish predatory from non-predatory nematode species and are associated with the evolution of complex behavioural traits.

A microwave-assisted process is developed for the rapid and scalable manufacture of pure-phase metallic MoS₂ nanosheets, enabling practical electrochemical devices for energy applications.

Spatial multi-modal data analysis using embeddings from diverse foundation models (spEMO) represents a transformative approach that unifies embeddings from pathology foundation models with those from large language models to advance spatial multi-omics research.

Coherent control of plasmon wavepackets is essential for quantum information processing using flying electron qubits. Here, the authors demonstrate a method to isolate and select electron channels contributing to a plasmon using a cavity formed by local constrictions, enabling precise control of plasmon eigenstates.

Liang et al. estimate the prevalence of text modified by large language models in recent scientific papers and preprints, finding widespread use (up to 17.5% of papers in computer science).

Inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations can result in diverse clinical phenotypes. Here, the authors characterise a heteroplasmic tRNA^Ala mutation (m.5019A>G) in mice and demonstrate that macrophages carrying this mutation display altered function and metabolism in vitro, along with increased type I IFN release following LPS challenge in vivo.

Ferroelectric ordering of moiré excitons and collective photon emission emerge in WSe₂/WS₂ heterobilayers near the Mott state driven by strong dipolar interactions and a transition to symmetry-broken ferroelectric phases.

Genes encoding key epigenetic regulators, including Lysine Demethylase 6A (KDM6A), are frequently mutated in bladder cancer. Here, the authors show that loss of KDM6A promotes formation of extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA), genomic instability, and metabolic reprogramming, driving resistance to cisplatin chemotherapy while simultaneously enhancing sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Relativistic jets observed from transient neutron stars throughout the Universe produce bright flares for minutes after each X-ray burst, helping to determine the role individual system properties have on the speed and revealing the dominant launching mechanism.

The anterior cingulate cortex encodes affective pain behaviours modulated by opioids; targeting opioid-sensitive neurons through a new chemogenetic gene therapy replicates the analgesic effects of morphine, providing precise chronic pain relief without affecting sensory detection.

Capsular polysaccharides are bacterial virulence factors, yet their transport mechanism remains unclear. Here, the authors reveal the structure and dynamics of the Wza–Wzc complex, uncovering how a trans-envelope channel assembles to guide capsular polysaccharide synthesis and export.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Hueholt et al. find that considering how the rate of temperature change contributes to ecosystem risk helps inform future hypothetical design of climate intervention scenarios

The authors model near-ground and within-canopy microclimates in a tropical montane rainforest. They show that short-distance shifts towards dense vegetation or vertically downwards in canopies reduce velocities, highlighting that structurally complex ecosystems may provide short-term climate refuges.

Bicycling offers great benefits for urban residents in low- and middle-income countries, yet pathways to scale its adoption remain poorly understood. This study reveals the current state of bicycling infrastructure and policy, as well as key barriers, through fieldwork in four cities.

Cicadas generate sound through the interplay of tymbal buckling and body resonance, but a unified framework explaining the diversity of calls across species has been absent. In this study, the authors conceptualize the cicada’s sound-generation mechanism as a naturally occurring metastructure, characterized by periodically arranged ribs and inherent frequency filtering.

Lipid nanoparticle based mRNA vaccines are known to induce robust CD4 + T cell responses. Here the authors establish a role of endogenously derived antigen processing in the optimal priming of CD4 + T cell responses to mRNA lipid nanoparticle vaccines.

The researchers showcase a silicon-photonics-based analog approach for large-scale image processing that can be deployed for high-speed image compression and de-noising using an auto-encoder framework with minimal power consumption.

Although N₂O emissions from wastewater treatment plants have been studied extensively, emissions of NH₃ have been largely considered irrelevant. Analysis of such emissions from a sludge drying pan, a commonly used method, shows that NH₃ emissions are in fact substantial and should not be overlooked.

Suspensions of particles at high volume fractions are subject to discontinuous shear thickening or even turn into solid upon impact, yet the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, Han et al. follow the propagation of shear bands at jamming fronts in three dimensions and show no sign of densification.

Electrochromic materials are widely explored in energy-saving smart windows, yet combining fast switching, neutral black coloration, and robust long-term durability remains challenging. Here the authors report a solution processed n-doped poly(benzodifurandione) affording an electrochromic black window that overcomes these limitations.

It is important to understand the mechanisms of thermally induced battery degradation and any safety hazards. Here, the authors use high-speed synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography to shed light on the structural and thermal dynamics associated with thermal runaway and failure of commercial Li-ion batteries.

A capillary flow printing technique can be used to fabricate printed carbon nanotube thin-film transistors with submicrometre channel lengths on rigid or flexible substrates.

On the basis of neural firing rates a specific class of neuron is identified in the medial entorhinal cortex that linearly encodes information on running speed in a context-independent manner and that is distinct from other functionally specific entorhinal neurons.

The perceived toxicity of organometallic reagents has limited their use in living systems. Now it has been shown that balancing flexible chelation with biocompatible ligands without precluding chemical reactivity enables organonickel-mediated S-arylation inside cells. This reaction enables deep chemical surveys of reactive proteins and covalent tracking of intracellular viral and bacterial pathogens.

It remains unknown why only some sickle cell disease (SCD) patients develop lung thrombosis. Here, the authors show that an extracellular vesicle-dependent mechanism prevents lung thrombosis in SCD and how a CD39 polymorphism impairs this protection to promote lung thrombosis in subset of patients.

Woven lattices offer a pathway to highly compliant and tunable mechanical metamaterials. Here, authors present a geometric design framework for woven lattices that encodes topology and compliance, allowing for arbitrary complexity and enabling programmable large-deformation and failure responses.

This Resource paper presents a global SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree of 4,471,579 high-quality genomes consistently constructed by Viridian, an efficient amplicon-aware assembler.

dSHERLOCK is a nucleic acid platform for the quantification of double-stranded DNA targets using CRISPR/Cas and isothermal amplification and is applied to quantify pathogen C. auris in clinical surveillance swab samples.

Unlike human athletes, these dogs do not need to slow down when racing round a tight bend.