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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

In this study, the authors show that the monoclonal antibody, FNI9, potently inhibits neuraminidases across H5N1 viruses spanning almost 30 years of evolution, protects mice from lethal challenge, and targets an H5N1-conserved NA epitope predicted to have low mutational escape and high fitness cost.

This study identifies extensive lateral interdigitations in the kidney’s ascending thin limb and demonstrates that Claudin-10b regulates both epithelial architecture and urine-concentrating function in this distinct nephron segment.

Single-variant and ultrarare variant burden analyses leveraging exome sequencing data from 22 cohorts identify new risk genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and show cumulative effects of several rare variants on disease risk.

The study finds that IPMK and InsP₆activate HDAC3 to preserve gut integrity. Loss of IPMK impairs this axis, causing leaky gut, while InsP₆ restores HDAC3 function, offering a potential therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

A monolithically integrated photonic ski-jump enables scalable, diffraction-limited 2D beam scanning from photonic chips, achieving ultrahigh spot rates, compact footprints and applications spanning displays, sensing and quantum photonics.

Catabolism of extracellular glutathione by γ-glutamyltransferases supports tumour growth and survival, and pharmacological targeting of these enzymes slows tumour growth.

A pan-haematologic cancer approach, involving analysis of data from 256 patients across 5 cancer types and 13 clinical trials, revealed predictive biomarkers for understanding the response or non-response of patients to CAR-T therapy.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Microbes naturally grow exponentially, but linear growth may be desirable for some therapeutic applications of genetically modified microorganisms. Here the authors engineered linear growth in E. coli by making division dependent on the asymmetric inheritance of a protein aggregate.

Several recent publications have attempted to detect novel unannotated microproteins using mass spectrometry proteomics. Here, the authors reassess these claimed microprotein detections, finding that many are poorly supported, while a subset represents likely genuine discoveries of novel proteins.

Two-step thermochemical cycles provide a clean and sustainable route for producing hydrogen and oxygen, yet their practical deployment remains limited by the high temperatures ( > 1500 °C) typically required for most redox-active oxides (RAOs). Here, the authors report Pr3ZrO8 as a new RAO capable of efficient redox cycling within an intermediate temperature window.

From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

Aperiodic composite crystals were discovered that emulate 2D moiré materials, demonstrating a potentially scalable approach for producing moiré materials for next-generation electronics and a generalizable approach for realizing theoretical predictions of higher-dimensional quantum phenomena.

Chen et al. show that redox signals activate ADAR1 to fix faulty RNA pieces during DNA copying, ensuring smooth replication and protecting genome stability.

N input and warming alter plant traits and mycorrhizal communities, reducing belowground C inputs and stable soil organic C while accelerating decomposition, highlighting root–mycorrhizal interactions as key regulators of soil C under global change.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Transcriptomic and clinical data analyses from multiple cohorts of patients with cancer receiving immunotherapy find that PD-1 blockade potentiates tumor-specific IgG1 plasma cell responses that complement cellular immunity and contribute to clinical benefit.

Chen et al. present EMRAge, a biological age measure built using electronic medical records, and OMICmAge, a multi-omic signal superimposed on DNA methylation. Both measures show strong associations with disease and mortality in validation cohorts.

Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) can boost the precursor exhausted T cell population thought to be essential for efficacy of immune checkpoint therapy. Here the authors enhance this cellular network using Flt3L to expand cDC1s and then map the movement of T cells and DCs between tumors and lymph nodes.

Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is driven by somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and may progress to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Here authors show that the two conditions share a similar pattern of bone marrow remodeling, characterized by the emergence of inflammatory mesenchymal stromal cells and IFN-responsive T cells, reinforcing their shared etio-pathology.

The lowest-frequency gravitational wave background may be shaped by supermassive black hole binaries that scatter nearby stars or dark matter. In this case, the NANOGrav 15-year dataset favours dense galactic centres with 10⁶ solar masses per cubic parsec.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A suite of TadA-derived cytosine base editors was optimized to improve efficiency, reduce sequence bias, expand PAM compatibility and minimize artefacts, enabling precise genetic interrogation of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in zebrafish.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

Asthma exacerbations remain hard to predict with routine tests. Here, the authors show that simple blood sphingolipid-to-steroid ratios predict five-year exacerbation risk and can underpin a practical, low-cost assay that outperforms standard clinical measures.

This study reveals that the ability to maintain a stable body weight predicts longevity in mice. By tracking weight dynamics throughout life, the authors identify genetic loci linked to body weight, energy homeostasis and healthy aging.

A multimodal deep learning model combines molecular sequence, structure and biochemical properties to predict immunogenicity in an interpretable way, providing a framework for smarter molecular prediction and hypothesis generation.

Growth of high-quality III–V semiconductors for electronics and optoelectronics usually requires an atomic-lattice matched substrate. Here, the authors use templated liquid-phase crystal growth to create single-crystalline III–V material up to ten micrometres across on an amorphous substrate.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Oriented growth is an important pathway for crystal growth. Here, the authors show that gibbsite nanoplates form mesocrystals through directed sliding and staggered stacking, as demonstrated by in situ microscopy and molecular simulations.

Cosmic rays flying through superconducting quantum devices create bursts of excitations that destroy qubit coherence. Rapid, spatially resolved measurements of qubit error rates make it possible to observe the evolution of the bursts across a chip.

Genomic analyses applied to 14 childhood- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders identifies five underlying genomic factors that explain the majority of the genetic variance of the individual disorders.