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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

Hepatitis C virus remains a health burden due to the lack of an effective vaccine, hindered by difficulties in replicating the native E1E2 antigen structure. Here, the authors engineer a stabilized E1E2 heterodimer using cryo-EM-guided modifications, enhancing immunogenicity and paving the way for future HCV vaccine development.

Spatial transcriptomics analyses often lose a substantial fraction of molecular signals because standard cell segmentation and deconvolution methods fail to capture expression from fragile cell types, subcellular structures, or extracellular regions. This study introduces RESCUE, a computational approach that recovers these unattributed spatial expression patterns, revealing biologically meaningful signals across diverse datasets and enabling more complete and accurate tissue interpretation.

Kancharla, Kelly et al. identify an acridone antimalarial potent across all major parasite life stages. Lead candidate T111 shows oral efficacy, low toxicity, and synergy with tafenoquine, providing a unique mechanism to overcome resistance.

BRCA2 mutations are well known to increase cancer risk, however, the significance of many variants remains unknown. Here, the authors combine data from two saturation genome editing studies to classify a total of 5926 variants as pathogenic or benign.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Phages install chemically complex DNA hypermodifications as anti-defense strategies. Here, the authors uncover transfer and rearrangement of glycine on dA driven by Mom, a tRNA-dependent DNA aminoacyltransferase encoded by phage Mu.

Germ cell tumours are a complex and heterogenous type of tumour which are difficult to classify using biomarkers. Here, the authors use PhIP-seq to develop an immunosignature panel for classification.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

Computationally designing proteins with interfaces that bind small molecules has posed a long-standing challenge. Here, authors combine deep learning and physics-based approaches to design proteins that bind small molecules, and demonstrate their approach by designing a cortisol biosensor.

Tuft epithelial cells sense airway damage and recruit accessory submucosal gland stem cells to regenerate the surface epithelium, but these progenitors fail to fully repair the surface airway epithelium and instead promote airway remodeling.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis, with pancreatectomy as the only potentially curative option. This Phase II trial assessed distant metastasis-free survival in locally advanced disease using GVAX vaccine, pembrolizumab, and SBRT following chemotherapy.

Membrane-based separation methods are promising for ion extraction, though current commercial membranes have unfavorable selectivity among similar ions. Here the authors design a crown-ether based membrane for preferential separation of potassium ions in mixtures of monovalent and divalent cations.

Divergent white matter metabolic patterns reveal a mechanistic basis for cognitive resilience and enhance prediction of future cognitive decline beyond established aging and dementia biomarkers.

Using data from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a mathematical transmission model accounting for age, sex and sexual activity is able to identify the role of different transmission routes in the spread of the novel clade Ib of mpox.

How motor cortex (M1) circuits adaptively organize action sequences during learning remains unclear. Here, the authors show that M1 somatostatin interneurons actively encode and regulate the temporal structure of action sequences, enabling efficient, task-specific motor execution.

Atopic dermatitis is an immune disease driven by cytokines including IL-4/IL-13. This study shows that a topical ITK/TRK inhibitor blocks an array of T cell cytokines, inhibits NGF-induced basophil activation, and reduces inflammation in human skin explants and dermatitis models, indicating therapeutic potential.

Pulmonary microbiotacomponents in bronchiectasis patients receive repeated antibiotic exposures, whereas previous studies on the effects ofantibiotic treatment focused on typical pathogens rather than commensals. By integrating experimental evolution withsingle-cell resolution, the authors reveal a multifaceted strategy by which Neisseria subflava, a common airwaycommensal associated with bronchiectasis, exploits antibiotic selection to transition towards pathogenicity.

N-desethyl-fluornitrazene is a µ-opioid receptor agonist derived from nitazenes that has supramaximal intrinsic efficacy that produces analgesia with minimal adverse effects in rodent models.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

Melanocytic nevi are small, pigmented benign skin tumours. This large-scale genome-wide association study for nevus count identifies novel genomic regions, highlighting pathways beyond pigmentation and offers new insights into melanoma risk and biology.

Exposome analyses across 34 countries showed that social exposures were associated with faster functional brain aging and physical exposures with faster structural brain aging.

Meningiomas are common brain tumors with variable behavior. This study reveals high STING expression across multiple cell types in the meningioma microenvironment. STING agonism triggers tumor cell death via programmed necrosis and pyroptosis, enhancing survival in preclinical models.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Lee et al. report a mechanism regulating mRNP export mediated by N⁶-adenosine methylation, METTL3 and NUP93 with potential implications for nephrotic syndrome and other human diseases.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

An improved strategy for siting food and energy production is needed to avoid further habitat loss. This paper presents a multi-sector framework that can empower land use planners to find synergies across conservation and development sectors.

Tropical thunderstorms cause rapid fluctuations in photovoltaic generation that stress electricity grids. Decentralized electric vehicle charging balances these fluctuations and enables large-scale solar energy deployment in tropical cities.

BRD2 is key for RNA polymerase II recruitment at promoters, becoming critical in the absence of BRD4 or upon pause-release inhibition. Depletion of MOF or deletion of BRD2’s intrinsically disordered region mimics transcriptional defects caused by BRD2 loss.

Emerging multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a global health threat in the treatment of gonorrhoea. This study reports the discovery and characterization of a promising antigonorrhoea agent that addresses antibiotic resistance.

Appel et al. found that deceptive networks reached over 37 million Facebook and 3 million Instagram users during the 2020 US elections, with the majority of this exposure driven by 3 networks and amplified by ordinary users resharing the content.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

TDP-43 pathology is a key event in ALS/FTD and selectively affects specific neurons in the motor cortex. Here, the authors report which neuron types are affected and demonstrate that transcriptomic changes are cell-type specific.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Hominin fossils from the Ledi-Geraru Research Project area, Ethiopia, suggest that early Homo and Australopithecus species co-existed in the region more than 2.5 million years ago.

As soft electronic waste becomes an urgent concern, biodegradable yet high-performance devices are emerging as a promising solution. Here the authors fabricate durable and multifunctional soft robotic fingers in which both polymers and inorganic electronics are fully compostable.

3D seismic image reveals inward dipping volcano stratigraphy down to magma reservoir at Axial volcano, SE Pacific, caused by emptying of magma reservoir. It also shows injected melt sills within the stratigraphy, indicating that the upper crust is formed by melt sill lava flow interaction.

Synchronous activation of climbing fibres engages disinhibitory circuitry to promote large dendritic calcium signals in Purkinje cells that are necessary to promote cerebellar learning.

Genome-wide analysis coupled with long-read sequencing identifies a repeat expansion in GOLGA8A associated with high risk for atypical frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions.

Currently polyphosphate kinases (PPKs), which catalyse phosphoryl transfer between polyphosphates and nucleotides, have restricted nucleotide substrate profiles. Here the authors discover and characterise a PPK capable of phosphorylating all eight common ribonucleotides.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Age-related microbiome changes increase medium-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, driving GPR84-mediated myeloid inflammation, impaired vagal signalling and hippocampal dysfunction; targeting this gut–brain pathway restores memory in aged mice.

Over five years, implementation of the NHS England Lung Cancer Screening Programme achieved high early-stage detection rates and demonstrated that the programme is both feasible and scalable for reaching high-risk and underserved populations.

Whole genomes of 185 atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) isolates reveal 30 LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) subtypes in 3 major lineages, varying in insertion site preference and their complement of non-LEE encoded effector genes.

It remains unclear why some BRCA-deficient high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) do not respond to platinum-based therapy. Here, multi-omic analysis of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient HGSC attributes co-occurring mutations, DNA repair deficiency and tumor microenvironment features to short survival in these patients.

The authors simulate phytoplankton macromolecular composition—proteins, carbohydrates and lipids—under present and future scenarios. They show increased protein allocation in subtropical phytoplankton but declines in high-latitude populations under warming, with implications for marine food webs.

Androgen activity in the male embryonic hindbrain prolongs hindbrain differentiation in male individuals and drives sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma, an aggressive childhood brain tumour.