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From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

Cue-evoked striatal dopamine release in mice encodes bidirectional trajectory errors, spatially and temporally separated from value coding, reflecting the relationship between the speed and direction of ongoing movement relative to optimal goal trajectories.

Donahue et al. show that ageing is associated with changes in ER morphology. ER-phagy drives age-associated ER remodelling through tissue-specific factors.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Cosgun et al. show that, in B cell leukemia, β-catenin expression is maintained at low levels through glycogen synthase kinase 3B (GSK3β)-mediated phosphorylation. Inhibition of GSK3β results in β-catenin–Ikaros–NuRD complex formation, leading to B-ALL cell death through MYC repression.

Hepatic glycogenolysis is essential for protein glycosylation and rhythmic secretion by the liver. Disruptions to hepatic glycogenolysis, caused by congenital diseases or physiological factors such as obesity, caloric restriction and changes to meal timing, alter hepatic protein secretion.

Arterial development is critical for proper blood flow, but the mechanisms mediating this process at the organ level remain unclear. Here, they show that a subpopulation of endothelial cells is important for formation of arterial endothelium in the intestine.

Calcium imaging of mouse hippocampal neurons while mice learn a reward-based task over several weeks provides insight into the evolution of the hippocampal reward representation during extended periods of experience.

KRAS mutations are keenly associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and represent a potential therapeutic target. Here the authors present the findings from a phase I clinical trial testing pooled KRAS mutant peptides in combination with immune checkpoint blockade in patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Here, the authors show that 2’-O-methylated RNA fragments from ribosomal RNA naturally block TLR7 and TLR8, helping to avoid avoid harmful self-RNA detection and autoimmunity.

The substantia nigra and all Parkinson’s disease deep-brain stimulation targets are selectively connected to the somato-cognitive action network rather than to effector-specific motor regions.

Researchers identified three distinct white matter hyperintensity progression patterns, validated in both patients and healthy individuals. Each pattern links to different vascular risks and outcomes, improving stroke prediction.

Media representations depict cities in illuminating ways. This study finds that representations of cities in Soviet-era newsreels grow more than expected with city size and are further biased in favor of some specializations and geographical locations.

Genome-wide association analyses using data from 19 biobanks identify variants influencing risk of thyroid diseases and yield polygenic risk scores associated with features of aggressive thyroid cancer.

Pseudaminic acids (Pse) are a family of carbohydrates found within bacterial lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Now, monoclonal antibodies have been developed that recognize diverse Pse across several bacterial species, enabling mapping of the Pse glycoproteome and demonstrating therapeutic potential against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii in in vitro and in vivo infection models.

Ultraviolet observations of an ultra-massive white dwarf with the Hubble Space Telescope reveal small amounts of carbon on the surface, identifying it as a merger remnant.

González-Gualda, Reinius et al. demonstrate that platinum-based chemotherapy-induced senescence promotes malignancy in ovarian and lung cancer via TGFβ ligands, with evidence in mouse models validated in clinical samples. Concomitantly blocking TGFβ signaling with chemotherapy reduces tumor burden and increases survival in mice.

This paper reports the excess mortality estimated during the evolving consecutive waves of COVID-19 in countries participating in the European Mortality Monitoring Network (EuroMOMO) in 2020-2023 and how they compare to recent influenza seasons.

A multiancestry phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in the UK Biobank genomes increases power to detect genetic associations with complex traits across human populations.

Lucerastat was well-tolerated, but did not reduce neuropathic pain, abdominal pain, or diarrhea compared with placebo. Lucerastat reduced biomarkers of Fabry Disease at 6 months, and these reductions were maintained at the 18-month interim analysis.

Here the authors show that endogenous or therapeutically delivered GDF-15 activates brainstem neurons that trigger splenic β-adrenergic signaling. This, in turn, suppresses autoreactive T cells and reduces neuroinflammation, identifying a possible target for multiple sclerosis treatment.

Vassy, Dornisch and colleagues developed a genomics-based prostate cancer risk model to support a randomized clinical trial of precision screening in a national healthcare system.

Under continued global warming, lakes will increasingly be covered by white ice, in particular towards the end of the ice cover season when fatal winter drownings occur most often and light limits the growth and reproduction of primary producers.

Here, the authors introduce a cryogenic scanning probe photoelectrical sensing technique, termed exciton-resonant microwave impedance microscopy, to measure the excitonic responses in monolayer MoSe2 and identify exciton polarons and their Rydberg states.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

The authors use data on the entire Finnish population to develop a machine learning model for predicting COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Important predictors are proxies of socio-economic status, and those at high risk for COVID-19 consequences are less likely to get vaccinated.

The corpus callosum is essential for coordinating sensorimotor, associative and executive functions. Here, the authors show a GWAS of corpus callosum morphology implicates prenatal growth pathways, immune-driven thinning, and genetic overlap with cortical and neuropsychiatric traits.

Man-made ammonia emissions have harmful effects on human health and ecosystems, yet global mitigation strategies remain underexploited. A study now finds that emissions could be halved cost-effectively by 2050 through targeted and prioritized measures, with benefits far outweighing costs.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Aortopathy poses a high risk of aortic dissection, particularly during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Here the authors report a retrospective case series of seven women with aortopathy who underwent PEARS, a surgical strategy to prevent aortic root dilatation, and a subsequent pregnancy.

In this phase 1 trial, treatment of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma with a therapeutic peptide vaccine targeting the fusion kinase DNAJB1–PRKACA, which is the driver of the disease, together with nivolumab and ipilimumab, was safe and led to encouraging preliminary clinical responses, and translational analysis showed activation of immune responses.

Spatial transcriptomic analysis of cells in intestinal fistulae of patients with Crohn’s disease reveals the existence of specialized fistula-associated cell states with distinct signalling profiles and extracellular matrix architecture.

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the deep Northwest Atlantic was only about 2 °C colder than today, suggesting sustained production of relatively warm North Atlantic Deep Water during the Last Glacial Maximum.

The MOUNTAINEER phase 2 trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of tucatinib (HER2-targeted TKI) and trastuzumab (anti-HER2 antibody) in patients with HER2 + , RAS wildtype unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer that had progressed on chemotherapy, resulting in the approval of the regimen. Here, the authors report the updated analysis of the MOUNTAINEER trial.

Targeting neurons that regulate energy balance may offer new approaches for obesity treatment. Here, authors show that chemogenetic and pharmacological manipulation of GABAergic neurons in the DRN/vlPAG increases adaptive thermogenesis and reduces weight gain in mice fed a highfat diet.

Over 20 species of geographically and phylogenetically diverse bird species produce convergent whining vocalizations towards their respective brood parasites. Model presentation and playback experiments across multiple continents suggest that these learned calls provoke an innate response even among allopatric species.

This paper describes within-host evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 during an outbreak in three carnivore species. Positive selection and the emergence of potentially species-specific mutations were observed in lion and hyena samples.

Inspired by dynamic textural modulation in cephalopod skin, polymer films whose colour and surface texture can be dynamically and independently controlled are developed and demonstrated using standard electron-beam patterning tools.

Climate limits where insects can live and which species can coexist. Using thermal tolerances of 653 moths on Asian mountains, this study shows warmer temperatures broaden thermal tolerance traits diversity; daily variation has little influence, and strong seasonality mildly weakens this pattern.

Inhibition of the histone methyltransferase NSD2 and the androgen receptor in preclinical models can reverse lineage plasticity to suppress tumour growth and promote cell death in multiple subtypes of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Neuropathic pain is common in HIV patients, but its mechanism is unclear. Here, the authors show that a subpopulation of reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord promotes neuronal loss and drives HIV-associated pain.

Identifying patients that will respond to a particular therapy remains a key challenge in precision oncology. Here, in gastric cancer, the authors show that circulating tumour DNA can predict recurrence, provided that the signal from white blood cells is filtered out.

Mauthe et al. find that protein aggregate clearance requires fragmentation of the aggregate by a chaperone module and a proteasomal regulatory particle for recruitment and clustering of selective autophagy receptors to initiate phagophore formation.

In colorectal cancer, therapeutic resistance is driven by MAPK-dependent epithelial cell plasticity.