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Here authors prepare a defect-rich Mg–Mn layered double hydroxide, which via a spatiotemporally ordered topotactic transformation, achieving synergistic comineralisation of As^III and Cd²⁺.

Current AI methods struggle to accurately predict the protein folding stability. Here, the authors introduce IFUM, a deep learning model that jointly predicts unfolding free energy and folded–unfolded ensembles, enabling accurate stability estimation and guiding protein design beyond existing AIs.

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

Seed size plays an important role in determining soybean yield. Here, the authors report GmSW17, encoding a homolog of Arabidopsis UBP22 that plays a role in deubiquitination, as a positive regulator of soybean seed width and seed weight through inhibition of the G1-to-S transition by interacting with GmSGF11 and GmENY2.

Metastatic cancer cells rely on metabolic flexibility to survive. Here, the authors show that metastatic breast cancer cells use lactate for mitochondrial oxidation via the CD147/MCT1/LDHB complex to sustain stemness and promote metastasis.

Dysregulation in proteolysis contributes to brain tumorigenesis. Here the authors report that USP10 deubiquitinase is enriched in glioma stem cells (GSCs), which antagonizes DTX3L-mediated ubiquitination of SATB2, a major driver of GSC proliferation and self-renewal.

Shoot branching is critical in determining soybean yield. Here, the authors report natural variation of Dt2 in controlling soybean branching number and the interaction of Dt2 with GmAgl22 and GmSoc1a to activate transcription of GmAp1a and GmAp1d.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Type II polyketides are natural pigments or antibiotics in daily products which are difficult to produce via traditional strategies. Here, the authors develop Streptomyces aureofaciens J1-022 as the chassis strain and engineering it for efficiently production of a diverse range of type II polyketides.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Balancing power conversion efficiency and mechanical robustness in flexible electronics remains challenging. Here, the authors introduce 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene into polymer donors as a crosslinker to improve the devices’ flexibility while achieving 20.48% efficiency in ternary organic solar cells.

In this study, the authors present an fMRI‑based signature of corticospinal connections, which predicts individual pain sensitivity, generalizes to patient cohorts, and tracks changes after brain stimulation, suggesting a biomarker to guide personalized pain care.

Duan, Hu, Han, Lei, Wang et al. report that ADSL-mediated production of fumarate suppresses STING activation and impairs T cell and NK cell infiltration, thereby facilitating immune evasion in breast cancer.

Reversed Cherenkov radiation has not been observed due to the absence of suitable all-metal left-handed materials for beam transport and suitable couplers for extracting the signal. Here, Duanet al. develop a metamaterial to observe reversed Cherenkov radiation using real charged particles.

Evaluating the off-target effect is crucial for ensuring the safety of CRISPR–Cas9-based technologies. Duan, Gao and Zhang et al. developed TOPO-seq, a method to capture and evaluate DNA topology-regulated off-target activity of Cas9-based genome-editing tools.

Conventional propylene oxide production relies on hazardous oxidants and high energy input. Here, the authors report a triazole-chelated silver catalyst that electro-oxidizes propylene in water, achieving platinum-level current and efficiency with thirty-fold cheaper metal.

Topological phases derived from spin and pseudo-spin dynamics are generally described by case-specific models. Here, authors propose a general theoretical framework that enables a flexible design of a variety of pseudo-spin-induced topological phases including spin-valley Hall phase, anomalous Hall phase and anti-helical edge states.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune condition leading to extreme muscle weakness due to autoantibodies targeting the neuromuscular junctions. Here authors assign a critical role for platelets in amplifying the pro-inflammatory response in AChR+ immunotherapy-naïve MG (nMG) patients and thus contributing to disease pathology.

A sustainable two-step strategy for oxime synthesis in a neutral KHCO₃ medium is reported. Free-state NH₂OH is initially synthesized via nitrite electroreduction over a Ketjen-black-supported iron phthalocyanine catalyst, followed by a chemical aldehyde or ketone oximation using the electrochemically synthesized NH₂OH.

Interferon-γ (IFNγ)-activated calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2) phosphorylates phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) at serine 337 (S337), enabling glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) interaction, promoting α-ketoglutarate-dependent PHD3-mediated GPX4 proline 159 (P159) hydroxylation and stabilizing GPX4 to counteract ferroptosis.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-phosphorylated adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) binds to Beclin1 upon lipid deprivation. ADSL-produced fumarate increases Beclin1 K117 dimethylation by inhibiting lysine demethylase 8 activity, resulting in disrupted binding of BCL-2 to Beclin1, enhanced autophagy and liver tumor growth.

Enzymatic mimics, capable of catalysing cascading reactions under physiological conditions, can be formed from integrating multiple components. Here, the authors report a graphene–haemin–glucose oxidase system capable of biomimetic generation of antithrombotic species from abundant glucose and L-arginine.

The authors report a study increasing hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis kinetics over a Ni(OH)₂/CNT material. They show that the catalyst enhances H₂O dissociation and proton transfer in neutral media.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

The Macaque Biobank initiated by Zhang et al. provides a comprehensive genetic and phenotypic characterization of Chinese rhesus macaques (CRMs). This resource enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity of CRMs and holds potential for biomedical research.

A comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in the human prefrontal cortex.

Tong et al. engineered Cas12b and redesigned the target sequence of Cas13a to minimize the interference caused by the cleavage mediated by Cas effectors in one-pot testing, which enables sensitive nucleic acid detection in a simple way at room temperature.

A gene-edited pig liver transplanted into a human recipient remains functional after 10 days and indicates that porcine organs could help meet the growing demand for liver transplants.

Photoelectrochemical cells are promising tools for C–H functionalisation coupled with H2 production. In this work, Duan et. al., reported the photoelectrocatalytic C–H halogenation to produce organic halides of industrial and medicinal importance with promoted H₂ production.

The discrepancy between the short half-life of ketamine and its long-lasting effects is due to ketamine being trapped in NMDA receptors, and its release depends on neural activity in the lateral habenula.

A chemical screen identified a small molecule inhibitor of CHEK2 that boosts insulin secretion in human β cells, including those from both healthy and type 2 diabetic human islets, as well as in diabetic mouse models and cynomolgus macaques.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has clinical presentations with and without nasal polyps (NP). Here the authors characterize human CRS with NP (CRSwNP) and show that neutrophil associated disease is characterized by IL-1 signaling via fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and that a similar phenotype and functional profile can be demonstrated in mouse models.

Exercise exerts health benefits, yet the long-term effects of early-life regular exercise on later-life health and lifespan remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show early-life exercise in mice extends healthspan, though it does not affect lifespan.

Alkaline nitrate electroreduction to ammonia is restricted by insufficient H⁺ supply. Here, the authors propose a halogen-mediated H⁺ feeding strategy, by triggering dangling O-H water dissociation and fast *H desorption for *NO intermediate hydrogenation, to enhance the formation of ammonia.

Two new methods, target chromatin indexing and tagmentation (TACIT) and combined TACIT (CoTACIT), enabled single-cell profiling of the epigenome and lineage tracing from mouse zygotes to blastocysts.

The authors seek to understand the precise roles of microglia in the early human brain by coculturing brain organoids with primitive-like macrophages generated from the same human induced pluripotent stem cells (iMac).

Understanding if lasting immune responses can be induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the authors show, in a cohort of 25 patients, that IgG and T cell responses, as well as neutralising antibody, are still detectable against various SARS-CoV-2 proteins 3 months post-symptom onset, while IgM levels largely wane at this time.

Current CRISPR diagnostic approaches can be hampered by several limitations, including low signal transduction efficiency and limited sensitivity. Here, the authors present CrisprAIE, an approach based on CRISPR/Cas-mediated “one to more” lighting-up nucleic acid detection using aggregation-induced emission luminogens.

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy for cancer is promising, but delivery optimization is desirable. Here the authors generate cancer-targeting liposomes with anti-PD-L1 and doxorubicin for protease-mediated intratumoral release of both components, and see effective tumor control in mouse models, thereby hinting potential clinical translation.

This study identifies lineage-specific XEG1/XLP1 gene pair in the genus Phytophthora, revealing that selective pressure on these genes drives functional differentiation. This selection is closely linked to the host range and adaptability of Phytophthora species.

This study identifies a positive-feedback loop between the ACC and the VTA that mediates the mutual exacerbation between hyperalgesia and comorbid anxiodepressive-like behaviors and, thereby, the chronicity of neuropathic pain.

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of immune cells in the blood and liver of a human decedent receiving a pig liver xenograft reveals impaired adaptive immunity and monocyte features that may induce T cell exhaustion and contribute to platelet activation.

Ionic gels have promise in a range of applications but are limited in extreme environments. Here, the authors report a method for preparation of an ionic gel with improved mechanical properties, by formation of a micro-orientated structure and increase crystallisation and aggregation of polymer chains.