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Researchers demonstrate an 8×240 Gbps DWDM transmitter on a thin-film lithium tantalate platform for the O-band, using a novel flat-top optical filter based on coupled Fabry–Perot cavities. It achieves low insertion loss (0.1–0.4 dB), a high extinction ratio (~26 dB), and a 12 nm free spectral range, showing promise for high-capacity optical links in AI and data centers.

Atomically dispersed catalysts show promising activity for electrochemical reactions but often suffer from limited stability. Here, the authors report an atom-ordering strategy that forms triangular Co sites to activate the substrate for durable alkaline hydrogen production.

A deep generative model is developed for de novo molecular design and optimization by leveraging electron density. Wet-laboratory assays validated its reliability to generate diverse bioactive molecules—orthosteric and allosteric, inhibitors and activators.

This study provides a cellular atlas of A. annua glandular trichomes using single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics. It defines three developmental states and identifies hundreds of hub genes for trichome morphogenesis and artemisinin synthesis.

Developing anti-gout medications that simultaneously reduce uric acid and exert anti-inflammatory effects is of interest for managing gout progression. Here, the authors employ a dual-target pharmacophore model to design derivatives of β-carboline-1-propionic acid and identify a drug candidate demonstrating potent uric acid-lowering activity in male hyperuricemia mouse models and mitigating NLRP3-mediated inflammation.

A mitochondrion-localised BAHD acyltransferase (3β-tigloyloxytropane synthase, TS) from Atropa belladonna is responsible for the formation of 3β-tigloyloxytropane, the key intermediate in calystegine biosynthesis.

West Pacific ferromanganese crust provides new insights to Late Miocene Cooling associated with the increased continental phosphorus weathering.

Microbial iron cycling can enhance the accumulation of rare earth elements and yttrium in host minerals by facilitating their release from iron oxides back into the pore water, according to an integrated geochemical, magnetic, and microscopic analysis.

Species synchrony is considered a major mechanism of biodiversity–ecosystem stability relationships. Here, by combining theory, modelling and empirical work, the authors show that with time series length species synchrony decreases and its relationship with diversity switches from positive to negative.

The development of the fruiting body (perithecium) in ascomycete fungi involves sexual differentiation processes. Here, the authors show that a non-pheromone receptor, Gip1, regulates two early stages of sexual differentiation in the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum by activating cAMP signaling and Gpmk1 pathways.

The role of interspecific interactions in biodiversity–ecosystem stability relationships is unclear. Here the authors develop a theoretical approach and show that empirical diversity–stability relationships in grasslands are best explained by species-specific dynamics rather than by interspecific interactions.

Wearable sensors typically require innovative methods of energy harvesting for low-power electronics. Here, the authors present an adaptive power management system with a trimodal energy harvesting approach.

Iron oxides stabilize soil organic carbon globally, with OC-Fe accounting for 33 ± 15% of SOC in topsoil (233 PgC). A global OC-Fe deficit is evident at the equator and mid-latitudes, highlighting opportunities for carbon sequestration strategies

The primary risk factor for glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure. Here, the authors show that AAV-delivered CasRx to reduce the expression of Rock1 and Rock2 as well as Aqp1 and Adrb2 can significantly reduce intraocular pressure, ultimately delaying glaucoma progression in mice.

Abiogenic methane was generated in the mantle and brought to the surface in the Emeishan large igneous province magmas. Release of this magmatic methane could have induced strong warming and contributed to the end-Guadalupian mass extinctions.

Yu et al. developed AIPatient, a virtual patient that uses a large language model-based AI in curating a medical knowledge base that holds realistic and personality-aware clinical conversations. The system shows high accuracy in answering questions and medical-term recognition, with readable, reliable, and consistent outputs for medical training.

Na et al. identify KMT2C deficiency as a driver of small cell lung cancer metastasis and demonstrate that it leads to epigenetic reprogramming through histone and DNA hypomethylation by upregulating DNMT3A.

Iron input into the ocean is a key control on mineral–organic preservation, and therefore the accumulation of oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere, according to a theoretical model and supported by proxy records for iron phases and cycling.

A positive relationship between carbonate weathering and vegetation greenness has been found, indicating a greening Earth has reversed the trend of decreasing weathering under the warming climate. Therefore, future vegetation restoration is important for carbon capture by mineral weathering.

Net CO₂ budget by chemical weathering in the Tibetan Plateau is long-debated. Here, river geochemistry is used to quantify significant sulfuric acid disturbance on the net weathering CO₂ budget.

Previous work suggests that marine oxygen levels and bioturbation are important factors that shape phosphorus burial and the size of the marine biosphere. Here the authors show that seawater calcium concentration is a key factor in controlling marine P burial, and thus the global oxygen cycle.

Evolution of accretion disk and corona during outbursts in black hole binary systems is still unclear. Here, the authors show spectral analysis of MAXI J1820+070 and propose a scenario of a dynamical corona to explain the evolution of the reflection fraction observed by Insight-HXMT.

Tree peony (Paeonia ostii) has the largest chromosome of any sequenced plants to date. Here, the authors assemble its genome and reveal the association of a list of candidate genes with fatty acid biosynthesis and the possible contribution of transposon and histone expansion to maintain the giga-chromosomes.

Elevated type 2 functionality in CAR T cell infusion products is significantly associated with maintenance of a median B cell aplasia duration of 8.4 years in paediatric patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia.

Aragonite-dominated seep carbonates are a promising archive for understanding past seawater chemistry changes, according to an isotopic analysis of a core from the South China Sea.

The transformation of CO2 with renewable hydrogen into high-value products presents a sustainable route for net-zero chemical manufacture. Here the authors introduce a LaFeO3 perovskite-mediated tandem conversion of CO2, achieving remarkable performance by separating the CO2 hydrogenation and C-C coupling domains in the catalyst system.

The gut symbiont Bacteroides fragilis secretes an antimicrobial ubiquitin homologue (BfUbb) that drives intraspecies bacterial competition. Here, the authors identify a highly conserved TonB-dependent transporter SusCD in B. fragilis as the BfUbb transporter and show species-specific antagonism of BfUbb and the BfUbb bound SusCD complex structure, revealing potential therapeutic applications of BfUbb against enterotoxigenic B. fragilis-related diseases.

The Bacteroides fragilis ubiquitin homologue, BfUbb, mediates intraspecies competition and provides a competitive advantage for encoding strains in the gut.

Population analysis of 516 wild and domesticated broomcorn millet genomes and a graph-based pangenome based on de novo assemblies of 32 representative accessions identify genomic variations associated with domestication traits.

Analysis of 4,578 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates reveals the evolutionary history of the four tuberculosis genotypes in China, from emergence 1,000 years ago to expansion, population peaks and, more recently, dominance of the indigenous sublineage L2.3.

Operational stability and mechanical robustness remain as engineering bottlenecks in perovskite solar cells technology. Here, Dong et al. introduce an interpenetrating perovskite at the electron-transporting-layer interface that enables a 1000-hour stable operation and high endurance against bending fatigue over 2500 cycles.

Microorganisms and minerals both contribute to organic carbon preservation and accumulation in soil. The soil microbial carbon pump describes the microbial processes, but a separate soil mineral carbon pump needs to be acknowledged and investigated.

The phosphorus cycle limits primary production on geological timescales, influencing climate. This Review explores the environmental drivers impacting the rates of continental weathering and phosphorus burial in marine sediments, which are the primary sources and sinks in the global phosphorus cycle.

Metagenomic analyses of >1200 uncultivated marine Autographiviridae genomes reveal their diversity, host range, functional potential, and biogeography, providing key insights into their ecological roles.