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The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a serious sequela of Strep A infection, for which a diagnostic biomarker is still lacking. Here, the authors demonstrate that CXCR3 directs T cells to heart valves in patients with ARF, linking inflammation to tissue damage.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Atopic dermatitis is an immune disease driven by cytokines including IL-4/IL-13. This study shows that a topical ITK/TRK inhibitor blocks an array of T cell cytokines, inhibits NGF-induced basophil activation, and reduces inflammation in human skin explants and dermatitis models, indicating therapeutic potential.

The spread of non-native species is likely to be compounded by further climate change and land-use intensification. Here the authors assess the potential distribution of 9,701 naturalized non-native plant species at a 10 × 10-km grid resolution and project shifts under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways.

Soil fauna is an important but often neglected component of terrestrial food webs. Here the authors use a large dataset of stable isotope observations to analyse how soil animal trophic diversity varies across climates and land-use types and identify potential biotic mechanisms.

The rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 challenges antibody therapeutics, but glycan-masked antigens enable isolation of class 3 monoclonal antibodies that potently neutralize diverse Omicron variants and reveal cross-reactive epitopes.

From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

As climate activists escalate disruptive protest, authorities respond by intensifying restrictions on protest. This study examines how protest repression shapes climate activism and indicates distinct effects across collective action types and repression experience, with emotions as mediators.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Using a random regression model, the study shows there are varying genetic profiles that act on BMI from infancy to adolescence. Change in BMI across childhood is genetically correlated with several adult cardiometabolic traits.

Comparative phylogenetic analysis of song features and social behaviours across songbirds shows a coevolutionary relationship between cooperative breeding and presence of female song that is more pronounced in species with weak territoriality.

Exhaustion is a functional state that hampers anti-cancer and antiviral CD8 T cell activity, and is preceded by a stem-like state, maintained by the transcription factor TCF1. Here authors develop mouse models that allow a precise understanding of the developmental trajectory between the stem-cell-like and exhausted states of CD8 T cells and find that while constitutive overexpression of TCF1 expands the stem-like T cell pool, TCF1 expression specifically in already exhausted cells is unable to promote dedifferentiation.

Heinen et al. show that the mitochondrial import complex recruits lipid droplets to the mitochondrial outer membrane. The mitochondrial import complex binds to the lipid metabolism enzyme Ayr1 and contributes to lipid-droplet biogenesis and homeostasis.

Immunopeptidomics identify CD4⁺ T cell epitopes from the conserved bacterial Hup protein that confer protection against multiple bacterial infections in mice suggesting potential for development of broader-spectrum vaccines against staphylococci and streptococci.

Traditional scientific methods struggled to identify causes of seagrass losses in Canada (Eeyou Istchee). Here the authors combine Indigenous and scientific knowledge and find that eelgrass losses were caused by local hydroelectric development compounded by extreme climate events.

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) plays an important role in decarbonization pathways to meet climate goals, but some methods are land-intensive. Multimodel analysis reveals conflicts between biodiversity and CDR that are distributed unevenly, and shows that synergies are crucial to meet climate and conservation goals.

‘Chronic lymphocytic leukemia can be predicted by lymphoid clonal hematopoiesis, but this is not the case for all patients. Here, the authors analyse mitochondrial heteroplasmy as a potential biomarker of disease.

In this study, long-read RNA sequencing achieves accurate single-nucleotide polymorphism calling, haplotype phasing and allele-specific expression analysis.

Many GPCRs signal from endosomes, which requires active G proteins at this location. Here, the authors describe how active Gα_s accumulates on endosomes and reveal location-biased selectivity in GPCR-mediated G protein activation.

In the context of ongoing A(H5N1) outbreak events, in this study, the authors use a ferret transmission model to show that genotype B3.13 viruses are shed into the air at higher levels than other A(H5N1) strains, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and aerobiological analyses.

Assessments by intergovernmental bodies aim to inform decision-makers, but the conventions of systematic review often limit meaningful incorporation of non-scientific disciplines such as law. This epistemic exclusion limits the potential of law and other knowledges to contribute to transformative societal and environmental change.

Researchers used explainable AI to analyze pancreas tissue from living donors, revealing that changes in fat cell clusters, nerve structures, and islet proximity to fat cells distinguish people with type 2 diabetes from those without the condition.

Munhall et al. perform a large-animal trial of a repurposable specific drug treatment for crush syndrome, the second-most common cause of death in earthquakes. Cilastatin sodium is effective to ameliorate kidney injury and reduces the lethal elevation of blood potassium, suggesting strong potential for further steps toward translation.

This multidisciplinary response to investigate the large outbreak of unknown febrile illness in the Panzi Health Zone in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in late 2024 suggests that the outbreak was largely associated with malarial cases and concurrent viral respiratory infections.

Alternative splicing greatly expands the transcriptomic and proteomic diversity in vertebrates. Here, the authors develop a machine-learning tool to identify functional splicing events during hematopoietic cell differentiation, revealing new regulators of hematopoiesis.

Microscopic imaging and biochemical studies show that sinuses in mouse and human form a highly dynamic surface that regulates fluid movement and immune cell surveillance via RAMP1-dependent regulation of smooth muscle contraction and RAMP2-dependent regulation of the sinus endothelial barrier.

Here, using anatomy, transcriptomics, and functional assays, the authors reveal how Japanese wisteria climb using an unusual vascular architecture. Ectopic cambia arise from cortical cells and repurpose conserved cambium regulators, including KNOX genes.

Shinzawa et al. developed CD8^Dual mice that express CD8 co-receptors from both Cd4 and Cd8 gene loci. Using this model they find that thymic distribution of major histocompatibility complex class I peptides influences lineage commitment and CD8⁺ T cell function.

Here the authors report that a missense variant in ASCL5 causes lobodontia, a rare dental anomaly. Genetic analysis and mouse models confirm that the variant disrupts tooth and jaw development, overturning previous theories and defining the genetic basis of this rare condition.

Understanding the organism-wide molecular effects of spaceflight becomes increasingly critical as space exploration accelerates. Here, the authors show that miRNAs mediate microgravity-induced adaptations via extracellular matrix, DNA damage and developmental pathways, as shown by small RNA profiling in 13 organs of mice during and after spaceflight.

Using a statistical model that incorporates transmission intensity and stratum-specific rates of severe outcomes, either associated with disease or vaccination, a framework is proposed to compare the risks and benefits of deploying new vaccines, using early epidemiological data.

Continuously trapped atoms provide advantage for atom interferometry, yet current schemes are limited by dephasing. Here, the authors develop a Floquet-engineered atom interferometry platform for quantum force sensing purposes, unveiling regimes where the interferometric phase is insensitive to noise.

Simulated microgravity reveals species-specific effects on sperm navigation, fertilization, and early embryo development, highlighting compensatory mechanisms and chemical cues critical for reproduction in future space missions.

Allosteric transcription factors (aTFs) are promising tools for environmental and human health monitoring. Here the authors develop a multi-objective, machine learning-guided method to engineer an aTF-based portable diagnostic for environment sensing of lead in drinking water at the legal limit.

GATA6 maintains epithelial traits and limits EMT in pancreatic cancer. Combined MEK and HDAC inhibition restores GATA6+ tumor cells, boosting MHCI expression and CD8+ T cellmediated anti-tumor immunity.

Type I interferons (IFNs) critically influence cancer development, progression and therapeutic response. In this Review, Parker, Haynes and colleagues explore the complexity of IFN signalling, with a particular focus on tumour-intrinsic mechanisms, and outline strategies for reprogramming IFN activity in tumours to enhance anticancer immunity and improve patient outcomes.