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The CMS experiment at CERN reports one of the highest-precision measurements of the W boson mass, finding it in line with standard model predictions and at odds with recent anomalous measurements.

A mammal-inspired synthetic oxygen sensor drives hypoxia responsive transcription in plants, replaces the native system in Arabidopsis, and regulates growth under flooding, offering new strategies to boost crop resilience.

A large-scale study on the replicability of claims from social and behavioural science journals reports that about half of the results replicate in the same patterns as the original study.

AlphaFold’s success in protein structure predictions has led to similar attempts to predict interactomes. Here, the authors demonstrate that AI-based screens are very limited in discovering truly novel interactions compared to experimental screens, exposing open challenges in interaction prediction.

Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells with high affinity for their targeted epitopes efficiently kill malignant cells at the expense of excessive and potentially harmful immune activation, while lower-affinity targeting shows a safer profile but compromises tumour cell killing. Here the authors show that the combination of high- and low-affinity CARs results in a T-cell product with maintained functionality while reducing cytokine release and CAR-T-cell exhaustion in mouse models.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

The functional impact of most missense variants remains unknown. Here the authors perform deep mutational scanning of the tumor suppressor SMARCB1 and find missense mutations that retain detectable protein expression but disrupt function similar to protein-null mutations

JWST phase-curve observations reveal that the two innermost TRAPPIST-1 planets emit thermal radiation consistent with bare rocky surfaces, indicating that both lack thick atmospheres.

Analyses of snRNA genes in a French cohort of people with rare disorders, with validation through international collaboration, identify monoallelic and biallelic variants in RNU2-2 as frequent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy.

Native AMPA receptors are heteromeric complexes of GluA1-4 and auxiliary subunits. Here, authors report structures of the most abundant GluA1/A2 core in the closed, open, and desensitized states, allowing to decipher the role of auxiliary subunits in different synaptic complexes.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

The genomewide meta-analysis of lumbar spinal stenosis LSS identifies 73 previously unreported loci in addition to 15 known loci and highlights spinal degeneration as a key pathogenic mechanism. Overall, the findings expand knowledge of the genetic background of LSS.

A study of reproducibility in a stratified random sample of 600 papers published from 2009 to 2018 in 62 journals spanning the social and behavioural sciences finds higher reproducibility among more recent papers and papers from journals that require data sharing.

This study identifies extensive lateral interdigitations in the kidney’s ascending thin limb and demonstrates that Claudin-10b regulates both epithelial architecture and urine-concentrating function in this distinct nephron segment.

In this study, authors investigate what happens to magma before a volcanic eruption. They find that crystals react to magma flow before it reaches the surface, preserving a mechanical fingerprint of the forces driving eruptions.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

The authors from the ALICE collaboration identify multiple species of mesons and baryons and measure the anisotropic flow with non-flow removal techniques in pp and p-Pb collisions at the LHC, identifying the hallmark of quark flow associated with an expanding quark-gluon plasma.

Vascular smooth muscle cells undergo complex transitions to multiple disease-related phenotypes in coronary artery disease. Using vascular smooth muscle lineage-traced single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing, the authors map molecular spatiotemporal patterns of murine atherosclerosis and discover molecular mechanisms of TCF21-mediated coronary artery disease risk.

Recently, the dose escalation stage of the GLORIA trial investigating NOX-A12 (L-RNA aptamer-based CXCL12 inhibitor) in combination with radiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma was reported. Here, the authors report the preclinical rationale and an expansion arm of the GLORIA trial combining NOX-A12, radiotherapy and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Current HIV animal models, which use macaques or mice, have known limitations. Here, the authors develop a model of HIV-1 infection in owl monkeys, small neotropical primates, expanding experimental opportunities for advancing HIV-1 research.

Coulomb explosion imaging provides real space/time resolution of molecular processes. Here the authors develop a generative model to reconstruct molecular geometries from ion momentum measurements which extends the system size accessible with this technique.

The authors have applied an eight-tissue rat multi-omic dataset to analyze the gene regulatory landscape of endurance exercise training, identifying tissue-specific regulatory patterns involved in muscle function, metabolism and immune response.

Analysis of sequencing data from rare disease cohorts identifies biallelic variants in RNU2-2 underlying a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy associated with reduced U2-2 abundance and clinically distinct from the dominant RNU2-2 disorder.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

Genome-wide analysis coupled with long-read sequencing identifies a repeat expansion in GOLGA8A associated with high risk for atypical frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions.

It remains unclear why some BRCA-deficient high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC) do not respond to platinum-based therapy. Here, multi-omic analysis of BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient HGSC attributes co-occurring mutations, DNA repair deficiency and tumor microenvironment features to short survival in these patients.

The identification of cellular targets for natural products that potently inhibit the growth of cancer cell lines implicates oxysterol-binding proteins in the growth of cancer cells. These natural products, termed ORPphilins, also affect sphingomyelin biosynthesis.

Lunar rocks, not subject to complex crustal dynamics, reveal evolutionary aspects of the Earth-Moon system. The authors find that lunar ilmenite (age: 3.78 Ga) can host excess titanium in a trivalent state due to redox conditions not found on Earth.

Here the authors compare genetic testing strategies in rare movement disorders, improve diagnostic yield with genome analysis, and establish CD99L2 as an X-linked spastic ataxia gene, showing that CD99L2–CAPN1 signaling disruption likely drives neurodegeneration.

Homarine is a ubiquitous, phytoplankton-derived metabolite that is broken down by widely distributed and diverse marine bacteria containing a conserved homABCDER operon.

In a randomized trial, treatment of patients with heart failure with an antibody designed to activate the guanylate cyclase receptor NPR1 led to an unexpected increase in NT-proBNP levels and worsening heart failure events compared with the control, prompting termination of the trial.

Tracking oceanic microbial populations in situ over time is challenging. Here, the authors use autonomous underwater vehicles to show how microbes at the deep chlorophyll maximum respond to diel cycles and isopycnal uplift by a cyclonic eddy.

One of three back-to-back papers to show that dosage of BACH2 can modulate T cell differentiation and function and how we might apply this to enhance CAR T cell therapies for cancer.

Single-nucleus chromatin and RNA sequencing identifies epigenetic chromatin domains that confer vulnerability to paediatric brain tumours such as ependymomas, providing insight into the development of such tumours despite ‘quiet’ genomes.

Improved red and green indicators for norepinephrine and their characterization are reported. These indicators allow detection of norepinephrine release in awake behaving mice in dual-color fiber photometry and two-photon imaging applications.

A study investigating the emergence of squamous tumours in the upper gastrointestinal tract of the mouse shows that an initial tumour stress response triggers fibroblasts to remodel the underlying stroma, creating a fibronectin-rich precancerous niche that supports tumour survival.

A follow-up analysis of a clinical trial that evaluated anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with cancer who are living with HIV provides mechanistic insights into transcriptomic, cellular and cytokine changes related to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and identifies a signature associated with clinical response.

Insulin controls adipocyte metabolism through changes in protein localisation. Here, the authors use cell-wide subcellular proteomics to uncover extensive insulin-regulated protein redistribution and identify C3ORF18 as a regulator of adipocyte insulin sensitivity.

Mechanical response of semiconducting polymers affects their electrical properties, yet the detail remains elusive. Zhong et al. examine the multiscale structural evolution of conjugated polymer thin films during uniaxial deformation and link it to mechanical resilience and solar cell performance.

Both environmental factors and genetic factors influence human immunity. Albert and colleagues leverage data from the Milieu Intérieur Consortium to comprehensively describe the effects of lifestyle, environment and genetics on human innate and adaptive immunity.