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A modeling approach to assess the global risk of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 gene deletions identifies ten priority African countries for surveillance and could inform malaria control policies.

Discovery proteomics offers deep insights but is currently not applied clinically in diagnostics. Here, the authors present ADAPT-MS, a flexible machine learning framework that enables fast, personalized diagnostic and prognostic decisions directly from proteome-wide data.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Systems of electron spins in nuclear-spin-rich hosts are gaining attention for quantum memory applications. Using spin ensemble studies, the authors propose transition metal ions in halide double perovskites as promising candidates, featuring long electron spin coherence and deterministic nuclear spin control.

Immunotherapies that employ engineered T cells rely on the selective and high expression of the targeted antigen in cancer cells and thus tumor heterogeneity compromises therapeutic success. Here authors generate an engineered T cell coreceptor that targets a secondary antigen and selectively enhances antigen receptor sensitivity in T cells.

In this work, authors show that O-redox in 4d and 5d transition metal oxides involves the formation of molecular oxygen trapped in the particles. These results are in accord with observations in 3d oxides and show that the greater covalency of the 4d and 5d oxides does not stabilise peroxo-like species.

Affinity-proteomics platforms often yield poorly correlated measurements. Here, the authors show that protein-altering variants drive a portion of inter-platform inconsistency and that accounting for genetic variants can improve concordance of protein measures and phenotypic associations across ancestries.

A platform using matched patient-derived lung tumouroids and healthy lung organoids enables accurate examination of patient responses to CAR T therapy and offers a faithful framework for improved CAR T design.

Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates vary across males from diverse populations. Here, the authors perform a proteome-wide association study across different populations and establish population-specific genetic prediction models.

Wearable silent speech systems hold potential for restoring communication in patients suffering from speech impairments. Tang et al. report an AI-driven silent speech system for dysarthria patients, which enables zero-time-delay expression and context-aware emotion decoding-based sentence expansion.

Human impacts on marine ecosystems are increasing the likelihood of pathogenic outbreaks, harmful algal blooms and coral stress. Here the authors develop a CRISPR biomonitoring tool that can help detect key marine species that are important to public health, the aquaculture sector and marine ecosystems.

AvrPm4 is a chimeric powdery mildew effector that is recognized by the wheat kinase fusion resistance protein Pm4. The pathogen can evade Pm4 recognition by expressing the suppressor SvrPm4, an RNase-like effector with multiple roles.

The performance of flexible all-perovskite tandem solar cells remains limited by interfacial losses in narrow-bandgap subcells. Here, authors incorporate Triton X-100 to disrupt the vertical phase segregation in PEDOT:PSS films, achieving maximum cell and mini-module efficiencies of 25.4% and 19.7%.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Battery technology has advanced at extraordinary speed over the past decade, yet meeting the world’s accelerating electrification needs will require both continued evolution of lithium-ion systems and further progress in next-generation chemistries, writes Peter Bruce.

This work employs nano- to microscale characterization to identify different structural change pathways associated with non-homogeneous reactions within the particles, and explores differences in the failure mechanisms of lithium-rich transition metal oxide materials at different current densities.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

The authors conduct a national inventory on individual tree carbon stocks in Rwanda using aerial imagery and deep learning. Most mapped trees are located in farmlands; new methods allow partitioning to any landscape categories, effective planning and optimization of carbon sequestration and the economic benefits of trees.

The authors estimate genomic vulnerability for closely related species of rainbowfish. They find that narrow endemic species that have hybridized with a warm-adapted generalist show reduced vulnerability to climate change and that hybridization may facilitate evolutionary rescue for such species.

The role of structural variants (SVs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been understudied. In this study, the authors leverage 859 high-quality, diverse, long-read assemblies to construct pangenome reference graphs (PRGs).

Low-income urban communities are facing infrastructural inequities. This Perspective advocates for an agenda that aims at reorienting infrastructure research by bridging methodological divides, integrating fragmented datasets and actors, and centering engagement with affected communities.

Amorphous phases in alkali-activated slag cement are explored using spatially resolved synchrotron X-ray techniques. Local atomic structures of individual phases show the impact of magnesium content on resistance to CO₂-induced degradation.

Here the authors show that tissue-resident memory and exhausted T cells in tumors are distinct populations that are shaped by relative presence or absence of TCR signals, suggesting that a tailored therapeutic strategy is needed to target each subset.

The formation of glycylglycine, a simple peptide molecule, is possible under non-aqueous interstellar conditions, according to laboratory experiments. Thus, complex organics with biological relevance may predate planetary accretion.

Lithium-ion battery cathode lifetime is limited by large expansion and contraction during cycling. This study uses electrochemical activation to suppress collapse in LiNi_0.9Mn_0.1O₂ cathodes, achieving improved capacity and cycle life.

The high-voltage oxygen redox activity of Li-rich layered oxides enables additional capacity beyond conventional transition metal redox contributions. Here, authors investigate the correlation between oxygen redox activity and superstructure units. They prove that an excess of LiNiMn5 hinders the extraction/insertion of lithium ions.

In this study, Kennedy et al. combine crystallography, biophysical measurements and biochemical assays to define a structural cycle for Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) and reveal how nucleotide binding and ssDNA engagement lead to conformational transitions.

Oxygen redox cathodes deliver higher energy densities than those based on transition metal redox but commonly exhibit voltage fade on extended cycling. The loss of O-redox capacity and voltage fade is shown to arise from a reduction in O²⁻/O₂ redox process reversibility and O₂ loss.

Changes in ocean fronts could impact biological productivity and carbon exchange. By analysing satellite and reanalysis data, the authors identify areas with active frontal activity and rapid change in properties, as well as highlighting the correspondence with surface productivity and CO₂ uptake.

Gut microorganisms capable of producing ethanol cause alcohol intoxication, which can be corrected via faecal microbiota transplantation.

Medication non-adherence represents a healthcare challenge, generating over $100 billion in additional costs annually in the USA. Here, the authors developed a resorbable and ingestible system designed for assessing medication adherence.

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of capsule based, biodegradable medication adherence tracking system with envisioned scenario for clinical use. A, Bio-RFID capsule administration. B, Shielding coating dissolution and payload release C, Monitoring of the Tag ID and frequency range, recording of the payload for tracking adherence. D, Dissolution and biosorption of the coating, tag and the capsule.

Inspired by dynamic textural modulation in cephalopod skin, polymer films whose colour and surface texture can be dynamically and independently controlled are developed and demonstrated using standard electron-beam patterning tools.

Oat consumption, particularly a short-term, high-dose oat diet, improves metabolic health in individuals with metabolic syndrome by increasing microbially produced phenolic metabolites, leading to lower blood cholesterol levels.

Eight decades of forest plot monitoring show a pervasive increase in tree mortality across Australia’s forest biomes driven by climate change, jeopardizing their role as enduring carbon sinks.

Here the authors show that gut metagenomes of Indigenous Australian infants living remotely, display greater diversity and abundance of bacteria, viruses and fungi, compared to non-Indigenous infants living in urban Australia, suggesting that while having access to Western foods, the infants start life with a gut microbiome that retains key features of pre-industrialized societies.

A simulation approach is used to ascertain the limitations on the structural and chemical information that atomic-resolution electron tomography can determine from noisy electron images.

Li-rich oxides were found to slowly release considerable quantities of oxygen at varying states of charge. These observations point to the intrinsic instability of oxygen in partially charged oxides and highlight the need for degradation studies.

Neurodegenerative disorders remain poorly treated despite their growing disease burden. Here, authors developed a multiplexed screening platform that identified DNAJB6 as a modulator of condensate maturation and suppressor ALS/FTD-linked toxicity.

The authors share their perspective on tandem catalysis schemes applied in CO₂ electrolysis by defining and classifying microscopic and macroscopic site and cell tandem concepts pursued so far, providing a critical assessment and performance comparison against non-tandem systems.

Chan and colleagues report that tumor ecosystem and microbiome features are associated with response to anti-PD-L1 avelumab plus chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.

Silencing of transgenes such as Cas9 limits gene editing and CRISPRa applications. Here, the authors show that adding intronic sequences reduces silencing and boosts transgene expression, enabling improved CRISPRa-mediated gene activation and more stable expression of the transgene over time.

Using synthesized experimental and observational data, Cen et al. revealed that anthropogenic nitrogen deposition has increased global forest soil CO₂ emissions by ~5%, despite considerable spatial variation in the effects of nitrogen deposition.

Genetic and isotopic analyses of samples from the northeast Atlantic reveal that suspended prokaryotic dark carbon fixation substantially fuels carbon inputs below the sunlit ocean, while particle-attached communities make an overlooked contribution to carbon demand.

Drug-resistant bacterial infections hinder tissue repair and regeneration. Here, authors present a lysozyme nanofibril-based hydrogel that mimics neutrophil extracellular traps, enabling pathogen elimination and promoting tissue regeneration.

A spectroscopic thermal phase curve of GJ 1214b obtained with the JWST in the mid-infrared is reported and a planet with a high metallicity atmosphere blanketed by thick and reflective clouds or haze is found.

The development of the all solid-state battery requires the formation of stable solid/solid interfaces between different battery components. Here the authors tailor the composition to form both electrolyte and anode from the same novel family of perovskites with shared crystal chemistry.

Understanding the severe voltage hysteresis in the first cycle of Li-rich cathodes is essential to realize their full potential in batteries. P. G. Bruce and colleagues report the formation of molecular O₂ on charging rather than other oxidized O species is the cause for the voltage hysteresis.

The development of superior and cost-effective catalysts for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions is pivotal for the future hydrogen economy. Now a series of Ru-modified Li₂MnO₃ catalysts have been designed to optimize the electronic structure and achieve a high performance in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, as demonstrated in practical anion exchange membrane fuel cell and water electrolyser tests.