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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Zierer et al. engineered cassava to express a modified potassium channel that enhances sugar flow, improving the yield and drought resilience. This strategy offers a route to increase cassava productivity in tropical regions.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Single-cell proteomics maps protein dynamics in the developing human brain.

Murphy et al. reveal a unifying pathogenetic mechanism according to which diverse mutations in the muscle-specific ribosomal protein RPL3L cause severe neonatal dilated cardiomyopathy, establishing a framework for interpreting the growing spectrum of RPL3L variants.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

The authors analyze 162 primary mismatch-repair-deficient gliomas and identify three subgroups underpinned by distinct somatic mutations in replicative DNA polymerases and IDH1.

The immune system undergoes significant changes with age. However, protein level characterization of these age-associated changes is limited. Here, the authors develop a machine learning (ML) model to predict changes in immune cell composition across different age stages based on CyTOF data on mouse CD45+ spleen cells and test the reliability of the ML model in predicting biological age using an obese mouse model, supporting the applicability of this tool to identify disease-related immune senescence.’

Wastewater-based surveillance tends to focus on specific pathogens. Here, the authors mapped the wastewater virome from 62 cities worldwide to identify over 2,500 viruses, revealing city-specific virome fingerprints and showing that wastewater metagenomics enables early detection of emerging viruses.

Here the authors provide an explanation for 95% of examined predicted loss of function variants found in disease-associated haploinsufficient genes in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), underscoring the power of the presented analysis to minimize false assignments of disease risk.

Electrochromic materials are widely explored in energy-saving smart windows, yet combining fast switching, neutral black coloration, and robust long-term durability remains challenging. Here the authors report a solution processed n-doped poly(benzodifurandione) affording an electrochromic black window that overcomes these limitations.

Single-cell data analysis is challenging due to inherent noise and sparsity. Here, authors introduce scMINER, a mutual information-based integrative tool to enhance clustering and reveal regulatory networks and hidden biological drivers by transforming scRNA-seq expression into activity profiles.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A four-qubit processor of three phosphorus nuclear spins and an electron spin in silicon enables the implementation of a three-qubit Grover’s search algorithm with 95% fidelity. The implementation is based on an advanced multi-qubit gate with single-qubit gate fidelities above 99.9% and two-qubit gate fidelities above 99%.

Adjuvants are an important component of modern vaccines. Here, the authors employ a phenotypic screen of ~200k compounds and identify PVP-057, a TLR3 agonist with a simple scalable 3-step synthesis, as an adjuvant that induces durable humoral and cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gE in mice.

Astrocytes are associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis. We found that the transcription factor Sox9 functions to enhance astrocytic phagocytosis of Aβ plaques via MEGF10, and this clearance of plaques is associated with the preservation of cognitive function in mouse models.

In a phase 1 dose-escalation study including 11 patients with heart failure who were followed for 12 months, delivery of a cardiotropic adeno-associated viral vector designed to deliver constitutively active protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor 1 to the heart was well tolerated and showed preliminary evidence of efficacy.

Magnetic droplets occur in nanocontact spin-torque oscillators with perpendicular anisotropy, forming part of a family of particle-like magnetic objects, which may be excited for high-frequency applications. Here, the authors determine a current–field phase diagram for magnetic droplet nucleation.

Developing treatments that withstand viral evolution is difficult. Here, the authors design ReconnAb-multimers: broad, highly potent therapeutics linking a non-neutralizing antibody, ACE2, and a multimerization domain to prepare for future pandemics.

In this work, researchers address a key question for maternal group B Streptococcus (GBS) vaccine assessment: What newborn antibody concentrations protect against invasive infant GBS disease? They present serologic thresholds by age at onset and serotype based on a large U.S. case-control study.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Network models rarely fix the number of connections of each node during evolution, despite this being needed in real-world applications. Addressing this need, a new approach can grow scale-free networks without preferential attachment.

Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is associated with high cancer incidence early in life. Here, the authors perform a genomic analysis of CMMRD-associated tumors and find mutational patterns influenced by the affected mismatch repair gene, tumour type, and treatment history.

Zaman, Yang and Huang et al. demonstrate MDK’s suppressive effect on amyloid-β and its impact on amyloid burden and microglial activation in Alzheimer disease mice, highlighting its protective role in pathogenesis.