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A distinct lipid-laden subset of monocyte-derived macrophages regulates hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration in injured livers, via CD36-mediated signalling.

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) contribute to tissue repair and regeneration by activating pro-repair macrophages. However, the precise signaling governing this crosstalk upon injury is elusive. Here, using a mouse model of endovascular injury and single-cell RNA sequencing, the authors identify an IL-33–ST2–OPN axis that orchestrates the functional interaction between MSCs and reparative ST2+ macrophages, stimulating vascular smooth muscle cell and vascular repair.

Uncovering the genetic mechanisms that determine seed weight is vital for improving soybean cultivars. Here, the authors identify a bZIP transcription factor, a GSK3-like gene family member, and a MFT ortholog, along with their potential interactions, as key regulators of soybean seed weight.

Prenylated phytochemicals like glabridin are valuable therapeutics and cosmetics, yet their scarcity and synthesis hinder industrial supply. Here the authors design an artificial biosynthetic route to glabridin and equol using a modular “block-building” workflow.

Treatment failure exists in Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) patients. Here this group reports a phase 2 randomized trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of adding nimotuzumab, to CCRT on 246 patients with untreated, non-keratinising, stage II–IVA LA-NPC.

Natural variation in the promoter of OsTPS8 contributes to differences in grain chalkiness and seed vigor between indica and japonica rice subspecies by altering trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis and α-amylase levels.

A photolithographic fabrication process can be used to create soft and stretchy organic electrochemical transistor arrays that have a density up to 10,000 devices per square centimetre, and can perform edge computing tasks in wearable devices and soft robots.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of parathyroid hormone receptor 1–β-arrestin complexes reveal key conformational changes, enabling the design of G-protein-biased agonists with selective signaling properties and therapeutic potential.

RNovA is an open-search de novo peptide sequencing model.

A population-scale super-pangenome constructed from 138 reference-grade genome assemblies, representing seven extant Citrullus species, highlights genomic variation associated with fruit-quality traits and accelerates watermelon breeding.

A high-quality bread wheat genome reveals that prioritized selection on variable gluten genes and enhanced epistatic interactions drove the adaptive evolution of wheat end-use quality, offering a blueprint for future breeding.

The authors deplete the cohesin activator NIPBL during the mitosis-to-G1-phase transition. They observe that structural loop formation is impaired proportionally to loop length, while gene activation and enhancer–promoter interactions are only mildly impaired.

Ibrutinib treatment increased the proportion of Teff-like cells and the expression of TCF1 and BCL11B in CD8 + T cells. Upregulation of TCF1 and BCL11B in Teff-like cells was associated with favorable responses to ibrutinib.

FcγRIIb captures its ligand and targets it to lysosomal degradation following endocytosis. Here authors design bispecific-antibody-like molecules they call FcγRIIb-targeting chimeras or FcRTACs, to capture antigens with one arm and degrade them via an FcγRIIb-binding second arm to promote the clearance of pathological protein aggregates.

Warming advances spring growth on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, yet the role of thawing-soil moisture is unclear. This study suggests that soil moisture return significantly contributes to spring phenology, regulated by active layer thickness and precipitation.

This study shows that rising incomes and hotter climates are driving a boom in air conditioning use, which adds to global warming. This highlights the need for clean, efficient and equitable cooling solutions.

Covert mortality nodavirus, a pathogen previously known to cause important losses in shrimp aquaculture, is identified as being a potential causative agent of an emerging and severe ocular disease in humans, specifically presenting as persistent ocular hypertensive viral anterior uveitis.

Coral reefs are declining globally, but regional degradation drivers are poorly quantified. This study reveals that coral loss in the northern South China Sea is predominantly linked to human coastal activities, suggesting that tailored local management may effectively reduce reef collapse.

A deep-tissue light source made from mechanoluminescent transducers stimulated by focused ultrasound enables wide imaging of live animal vasculature, and modulation of neuronal activity and behaviour.

This study reveals that during a series of learning tasks, the macaque brain represents the shared (e.g. the decision strategy) and task-unique information (e.g., sensory inputs) in a near-orthogonal manner, thereby supporting reuse of the shared component to facilitate learning, while remain flexible to changes in specifics.

In a prospective multi-centre cohort in China, people living in areas of high soil selenium had a 35% increased risk of incident diabetes over a 3-year study period, with a stronger effect seen for men.

Photosynthesis reaction centre barrel proteins are important components of the FtsZ-based cell division apparatus in Haloferax volcanii and other archaea.

You, Hu et al. discover a population of COTL1^high NK cells regulated by GITRL⁺ macrophages and demonstrate their functional importance in mediating anti-tumour immunity in cancer with impaired tumour-specific MHC-I expression.

Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is highly conserved across eukaryotes. Yan et al. show that de-repression of PP5 by the chaperone organizer HOP1 activates NLR-mediated autoimmunity through dephosphorylation of the protein kinase CRCK3 in Arabidopsis.

A graph-based pangenome constructed from 39 reference-quality genomes of wild and cultivated cucumber accessions, including 27 newly assembled, highlights the dynamics of structural variants during cucumber domestication and range expansion.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

Researchers identify FOXJ3 variants in focal epilepsy and cortical dysplasia and show that FOXJ3 regulates neuronal migration and cortical layer formation by controlling the PTEN–mTOR pathway; disruption of this process leads to abnormal brain development.

Sulcal morphometric remodeling during childhood and adolescence, characterized by cortical thinning and widening, predicts cognitive gains in working memory and attention, with gene enrichment linking these changes to synaptic processes.

Broad-spectrum host restriction factors against bacteria and viruses remain largely unclear. Here, the authors identify the small GTPase Rab14 as a restriction factor that promotes lysosomal acidification by delivering the V-ATPase to lysosomes.

Drought conditions in soil systems lead to elevated concentrations of natural antibiotics, as well as the enrichment of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, highlighting a link between climate and the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is limited. Here, the authors show that long-term treatment with high-dose N-acetylcysteine neither significantly reduced the annual rate of total exacerbations nor improve lung function in patients with mild-tomoderate COPD.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Dendritic cell-based therapies have been exploited as immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment. Here the authors report a platform integrating antigen-capturing nanoparticles and type 1 conventional dendritic cells for in situ cancer immunization, promoting anti-tumor immunity in preclinical models.

Doublet microtubule-associated proteins assemble sperm flagella. Here, the authors use genetic knockout mice show that TEKT1 and TSSK6 are critical for sperm motility and integrity, while TEKT5 and DUSP21 have minor roles, revealing their divergent functions

Brain structural traits are highly heritable and have been linked to disease. Here the authors have used gene expression data to perform a transcriptome-wide association study on 211 brain structural traits, discovering 273 associated genes.

How chromatin architecture enforces productive class switching is not fully understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that transcriptional orientation, genomic distance, and Igh domain organization bias AID‑initiated breaks toward deletional joining required for productive CSR.

INSTALL overcomes fundamental challenges for DNA delivery and integration methods by synergizing immune-stealth nucleic acids with recombinases to enable kilobase-scale integration strategies without viral vectors.

Topological Kondo insulators have been suggested in three-dimensional bulk materials like SmB₆, but they have not been observed in two-dimensional materials. Now, this is achieved in a transition metal dichalcogenide moiré bilayer.

Interfacial water is of crucial importance in biology and engineering. Here, the authors identify structural transitions of interfacial water at graphite surfaces under varying electric fields and environmental conditions.

Developing earth-abundant catalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction is vital for a sustainable chlor-alkali industry. Here, the authors report a cerium modified cobalt oxide where cerium induces active site transfer from oxygen to cobalt atoms, achieving high activity and long-term stability.