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The cellular makeup of the primate cochlea, crucial for hearing, remains poorly understood. Here, authors show a detailed map of primate cochlear cells, revealing both conserved and species-specific features.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

All-in-one computing, which merges sensing, linear computing, and nonlinear activation, is a critical goal for next-generation AI hardware. Here, Zhang et al. introduce a high-speed, reconfigurable split-floating-gate memory, enabling multi-function integration within a unified platform and hardware native neuromorphic processing.

Here authors prepare a defect-rich Mg–Mn layered double hydroxide, which via a spatiotemporally ordered topotactic transformation, achieving synergistic comineralisation of As^III and Cd²⁺.

Through integrated multi-omics and experimental validation, this study reveals that altered gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism activate TLR3 to induce urothelial injury in interstitial cystitis, identifying a pathway with therapeutic potential.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

The existence of a long-lived, prethermal regime in many-body systems with tunable heating rates, driven by structured random protocols, is observed using a 78-qubit superconducting quantum processor.

Quantum low-density parity-check error correction codes are anticipated to deliver high performance, but require long-range qubit–qubit interactions. Two of these error correction codes have now been successfully implemented on a superconducting device.

How α-synuclein interacts with the neuronal cell surface to contribute to disease pathology is not fully understood. Here, the authors conducted a comprehensive search for neuronal membrane proteins mediating α-synuclein aggregate uptake, and identified mGluR4 and NPDC1 as essential for Parkinson’s disease related neurodegeneration triggered by extracellular α-synuclein fibrils.

The prostate is an important part of the male reproductive system whose aging process is incompletely understood. Sun et al. identify GRHL2 downregulation as a driver of prostate aging. They show that GRHL2 transactivates CDK19 to inhibit p53−p21 signaling and demonstrate that GRHL2 gene therapy alleviates age-related urinary dysfunction in mice.

Examples of materials with non-trivial band topology in the presence of strong electron correlations are rare. Now it is shown that quantum fluctuations near a quantum phase transition can promote topological phases in a heavy-fermion compound.

Si, Dong, Xing and colleagues present ReTagX, a bright and compact array tag that restores photobleached signals via reversible and fluorogenic labelling, enabling long-term and high-resolution imaging of protein dynamics in living cells.

Sustainable end-of-life management strategies for fibre-reinforced plastics are urgently needed from a sustainability perspective. Here the authors develop a solvent-free flash upcycling method, enabling ultrafast and efficient upcycling of fibre-reinforced plastics to fulfil such a need.

RSV hijacks cholesterol or autophagy pathways to facilitate optimal replication. Here, the authors show that RSV-mediated changes in lysosomal cholesterol metabolism promote RSV-F accumulation in lysosomes by blocking autophagy flux, thereby facilitating viral replication.

Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory disease of the skin and mouse models may not reproduce the human disease. Here the authors show that UEB2L3 is involved in human psoriasis and that a mouse model deficient in Ube2l3 recapitulates major features of the human disease involving CXCL16 and CD8 or γδ T cells secreting IL-17 to exacerbate skin inflammation.

A flexible topological vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is demonstrated by integrating two one-dimensional optical superlattices composed of structurally distinct polymerized chiral liquid crystals and Mylar films, offering promising prospects for laser display and beam steering applications.

Distributed quantum sensing typically requires shared reference frames to coordinate measurements. Here, authors develop a reversed-encoding protocol that circumvents this requirement, enabling Heisenberg-limited precision in quantum networks without frame alignment.

Lin et al. report a nanoscale organic-inorganic covalent-ionic hybrid network leveraging the reorganising interaction between siloxanes and fluoride ions, enabling a single layer coating with excellent optical, antistatic, anti-smudge, anti-scratch, and mechanical properties for touch displays.

SiGe nanowires exhibit ballistic thermal conduction at room temperature with a long phonon mean free path.

Programmable topological dipoles could be used in stimuli-responsive materials. Now it is shown that confinement of an apolar liquid crystal results in controllable polar arrangements of elastic dipoles.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Iron limitation induces the expression of IsiA in cyanobacteria, which serves as a light-harvesting antenna for PSI. Here, authors present two PSI-IsiA structures, elucidating the assembly and functional dynamics of these complexes under iron stress.

Current propylene oxide production relays on H₂O₂ generated by the energy-intensive anthraquinone processes. Here, an unassisted H₂O₂ production system is integrated with modified titanium silicalite-1 to realize continuous propylene oxide production without external energy input.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

SIRT5 protects against primate skeletal muscle ageing through TBK1 desuccinylation, which inhibits the downstream inflammatory and senescent phenotypes.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The HKU25 clade MERS-related coronaviruses with broad distribution are shown to use ACE2 as a functional receptor, revealing unexpected receptor plasticity and offering new insights into coronavirus evolution, host range and potential zoonotic risk.

Mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy associates with context-specific nuclear CpG methylation, supported by a cell model. Heteroplasmy–CpG scores relate to mortality and cardiovascular risk, though direction and mechanisms remain unclear.

While methionine deficiency can sensitize cancer cells to therapy, YAP activation contributes to drug resistance. Here, authors discover that the positive feedback loop present between YAP R124 methylation and the methionine transporter SLC43A2 is involved in drug resistance to multiple therapies.

Microbubble interfaces exhibit unique chemical reactivity. Here, the authors visualize catalyst-free hydroxyl radical generation at nitrogen microbubbles, enabling pollutant degradation and sustainable nitrogen fixation under mild conditions.

The transformation of waste sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants into valuable resources is fraught with challenges due to its complex composition. The approach proposed here efficiently upcycles trace redox-reactive transition metals present in sludge into single-atom catalysts, offering the dual benefit of effective sludge disposal and enhanced water purification.

Nanoconfining single metal atom catalysts leads to faster decontamination, primarily due to improved interfacial mass transfer. This study identifies a change in the catalytic pathway as an additional significant factor contributing to the enhanced performance.

The pentafluorosulfanyl group has been long considered a potential (bio)isostere for tert-butyl and trifluoromethyl groups, yet limitations in methodologies have constrained access to it. Here, the authors report a general pentafluorosulfanylation platform that employs bench-stable solid reagents to generate SF₅ radicals via a decarboxylation and β-scission sequence.

Nanoclusters have precise structures and therefore offer a molecular-level approach for studying surface adsorption phenomena. Here, spherical aluminium oxo clusters are synthesized via a co-encapsulation strategy to examine the inclusion of various guest molecules. This model paves the way for rapid recognition of organic molecules by nanoparticle surfaces.

The role of cellular stress responses in ovarian aging remains incompletely understood. In this study, the authors identify NCOA7 as a facilitator of autophagic clearance of stress granules in granulosa cells, conveying protection against ovarian aging. Loss of NCOA7 promotes ovarian aging, whereas its expression via mRNA delivery delays aging.

Non f-electron systems containing narrow electronic band and localized moments are a useful platform to study the Kondo lattice problem. Here, by using scanning tunneling microscopy, the authors show a transition from the insulating gap to a tuneable Kondo resonance in 1T-TaS₂ by Pb intercalation.

This analysis performs comprehensive comparisons of 27 single-cell perturbation response prediction methods using 29 datasets under different test scenarios and against multiple evaluation metrics.

HfO2-based ferroelectrics offer new options for memory but face reliability issues. By exploring device fatigue mechanisms, the authors develop an interface design strategy that regulates defect movement in films, improving its overall reliability performance.

To address the challenge of high-speed nonlinear activation in diffractive neural networks, the authors introduce a programmable, low-power, and fast nonlinear diffractive network that exhibits an activation latency of 17.7 ns, enabling tasks like real-time human posture recognition.

Chen et al. use UK Biobank data to reveal a dietary pattern associated with a lower risk of dementia, and validate this in additional cohorts.