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“This randomized controlled trial in adults with central obesity found that high-intensity interval training, performed once or thrice weekly, reduced body fat mass compared with control, highlighting the benefits of “weekend warrior” interventions.”

Phototrophic bacteria could be used for chemical manufacturing from various carbon sources. This Review discusses the pathways, engineering and potential application of solar chemical biosynthesis.

In a randomized phase 2 trial in patients with acute coronary syndrome and high levels of the inflammation biomarker C-reactive protein, treatment with low-dose interleukin-2 increased the numbers of regulatory T cells and reduced arterial inflammation, compared to placebo.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

In a multicenter, randomized trial of patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk of thromboembolic events, treatment with the anticoagulant rivaroxaban showed no benefit in reducing cognitive decline, stroke or transient ischemic attack when compared to placebo.

In this multicenter phase 1 trial of patients with advanced solid tumors resistant to anti-PD-1 therapy, treatment with the anti-latent TGFβ1 antibody linavonkibart with or without pembrolizumab was safe, and encouraging clinical response rates were associated with T cell infiltration and immune activation.

RNAi therapy has huge potential but effective delivery to target location is a major issue. Here, the authors report on the delivery of RNAi to tumors using self-agglomerating nanohydrogels that can overcome the different delivery barriers and supply multiple RNAi payloads.

How α-synuclein interacts with the neuronal cell surface to contribute to disease pathology is not fully understood. Here, the authors conducted a comprehensive search for neuronal membrane proteins mediating α-synuclein aggregate uptake, and identified mGluR4 and NPDC1 as essential for Parkinson’s disease related neurodegeneration triggered by extracellular α-synuclein fibrils.

A new type of mRNA splicing mechanism discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans that detects and removes inverted repeats also occurs in human cells, thereby providing another strategy to protect against the negative effects of transposable elements.

Transparent and mandatory feedback-collection mechanisms should be integrated into AI-enabled digital health technology interfaces for holistic development and patient safety.

In this study, the authors develop a flavivirus vaccine strategy by introducing mutations into envelope glycoproteins resulting in structural changes that conceal the ADE-prone fusion loop epitope. They show that the Zika virus-specific construct protects mice against viral challenge and prevents ADE by Dengue virus.

Measles vaccination was interrupted globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, the authors use data on measles antibody levels from Hunan province, China, to quantify the immunity gap and model the potential impact of supplementary immunisation activities.

Following on from its success in eradicating malignant B cells in cancer, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been extended to treat autoimmune diseases. This Review discusses the preclinical studies and ongoing clinical trials of CAR T cells in autoimmune disorders, highlighting future opportunities and challenges.

Neuronal responses in a higher-order auditory cortical area reveal striking attention-driven effects, long-term learning, and stimulus–action coupling, indicating a dynamic intermediate stage between sensory and frontal cortex representations.

Inherited mitochondrial DNA mutations can result in diverse clinical phenotypes. Here, the authors characterise a heteroplasmic tRNA^Ala mutation (m.5019A>G) in mice and demonstrate that macrophages carrying this mutation display altered function and metabolism in vitro, along with increased type I IFN release following LPS challenge in vivo.

Studies suggest that there is a link between obesity and a reduced risk of low-risk cancers, but an increased risk of high-grade, lethal disease. A recent paper has attempted to further define this risk, and causes us to question whether active surveillance is an appropriate treatment option for obese patients.

Viral proteins can achieve high multifunctionality, but mechanisms are poorly understood. This study shows structural flexibility of rabies virus P protein enables RNA binding and phase separation to expand functions by infiltrating host condensates.

Estimating confidence in the decision making ability of others is important for cooperative behaviour. Here the authors combine computational modelling and fMRI to investigate how the brain supports this process.

Resistance signaling in the tumor microenvironment limits CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors. This study introduces a multiplex engineered CAR T cell strategy using six gene edits to overcome multiple inhibitory barriers.

This Perspective considers the addition of ACKR1 genetic testing for identifying ACKR1/DARC-associated neutropenia in patients receiving clozapine, recommending eligibility criteria and testing strategies while estimating substantial cost savings for the UK healthcare system and enhancing equitable treatment access.

Obesity poses a health challenge among middle-aged women in part driven by physiological changes associated with aging and menopause. Here the authors report a randomized controlled trial showing that a combination intervention of flexible time-restricted eating and exercise leads to greater reduction in fat mass than single interventions in women aged 40-60 years.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

CAR-T cells engineered with αPD-L1–IL-12 fusion proteins show antitumour activity in mouse models of prostate and ovarian cancer.

Highly sensitive avalanche photodiodes that operate at near-infrared wavelengths of up to 2 μm could prove useful for eye-safe light imaging, detection and ranging, and other applications.

Colorectal cancer is often diagnosed at later stages, leading to poor prognosis. Here, the authors utilise analysis of rectal mucus specimens using host and microbial analysis to detect cancer lesions.

Shimada et al. show that uncoordinated repair by base excision repair generates a lethal accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks at clustered lesions. Rapid conversion of oxidative DNA damage into fragmented chromosomes stems from TORC2 inhibition.

Ion-channel conductance levels are controlled by the bending patterns of pore-forming transmembrane helices in the heterotetrameric neuronal channel GluN1a-2B N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Proper water and sanitation access remains an issue for many in the United States. Here the authors estimate and map the full scope of water hardship, including both incomplete plumbing and water quality across the country.

The cascading effects and feedbacks of interactions between planetary boundaries shrink the safe operating space originally identified by analysing each boundary separately.

The authors find that TDP-43 loss of function—the pathology defining the neurodegenerative conditions ALS and FTD—induces novel mRNA polyadenylation events, which have different effects, including an increase in RNA stability, leading to higher protein levels.

The development of hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) in homogeneous catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation (CAD) with selectivity for thorough aromatization under mild conditions remains challenging. Here, the authors propose a catalyst system that facilitates a double hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) processes for the CAD of inert cycloalkanes at ambient temperature under visible light irradiation.

A recombinant antivenom composed of eight nanobodies provides broad protection against venom-induced lethality and dermonecrosis in mice challenged with venoms from cobras, mambas and rinkhals snakes.

Here the authors provide the interim analysis of an ongoing phase 1/2 study of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy Japanese adults. They report mainly mild to moderate local reactions and no serious adverse events as well as good antibody induction one month after the second dose.

Zhao et al. generated models from whole blood gene expression to predict amyotrophic lateral sclerosis case-control status and combined gene features with clinical variables to predict survival, both validated in an external independent dataset.

As presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting, intracerebroventricular infusion of bivalent CAR T cells targeting EGFR and IL-13Rα2 in patients with multifocal, recurrent glioblastoma was feasible and well tolerated, with the maximum tolerated dose identified, one patient with a partial response and one patient with durable stable disease.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Confining plasma and managing disruptions in tokamak devices is a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate a method predicting and possibly preventing disruptions and macroscopic instabilities in tokamak plasma using data from JET.