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Global Burden of Disease analysis found that in 2023, suboptimal diet was estimated to be responsible for 4 million deaths and 97 million morbidity burdens from ischemic heart disease.

Longitudinal metatranscriptomics in a prospective cohort of 1,164 adults hospitalized for COVID-19 reveals that azithromycin offered no apparent anti-inflammatory benefit but enriched the respiratory microbiome with potential pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes.

Surface cleaning is needed in various industrial systems but remains water intensive due to low water utilization efficiency. This study proposes a method—liquid droplet mops—that can efficiently clean superhydrophobic-coated solar panels with substantially reduced water consumption.

When 100 social and behavioural science claims were examined, 34% of reanalyses closely matched the original results, with 74% reaching the same conclusion, revealing limited robustness of single-path analyses and the need to address analytical uncertainty.

Peroxiredoxins from diverse organisms were found to assemble into hybrid complexes, not just identical ones. These mixed assemblies reshape structure and stability, challenging a long-held view of peroxiredoxin assembly in cells.

The authors examine public, private, and family time investments in children in the United States using ten nationally representative surveys between 2010 and 2023.

Toker et al. present an AI framework that identifies mechanisms of consciousness. The model predicts new drivers of unconsciousness and identifies subthalamic nucleus stimulation as a potential therapy for disorders of consciousness.

A prespecified analysis from the SELECT trial showed that semaglutide reduces major adverse cardiovascular events by 20% compared with placebo, particularly in patients at high risk of fibrosis, as indicated by the Fibrosis-4 index.

HIV-transcribing cells in people living with HIV are difficult to study with conventional single-cell RNA-seq. Here the authors develop a technique to increase detection of HIV RNA during scRNA-seq and, comparing the transcriptomes of HIV RNA+ blood cells obtained pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy, provide insights into the persistence of the HIV RNA+ reservoir.

The researchers demonstrate room-temperature control over bulk exciton–polaritons (EPs) in a bare halide perovskite crystal and show that long-range bulk EP propagation occurs in the ballistic regime. Furthermore, slow light is demonstrated across the visible wavelength range.

Analyses of biobank data show that human variation such as age, sex and genetics, particularly at the major histocompatibility complex locus, is associated with viral abundance and supports a causal link between abundance of Epstein–Barr virus and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Single-nucleus epigenomic maps of the adult human brain and spinal cord reveal that adult oligodendroglia retain developmental chromatin patterns, suggesting a molecular memory that may shape repair processes and cancer vulnerability.

Magnetic resonance control of spin-correlated radical pairs alters red fluorescent protein emission in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans, demonstrating in vivo magnetic field modulation of biomolecular processes.

In this study, long-read RNA sequencing achieves accurate single-nucleotide polymorphism calling, haplotype phasing and allele-specific expression analysis.

A follow-up analysis of a clinical trial that evaluated anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with cancer who are living with HIV provides mechanistic insights into transcriptomic, cellular and cytokine changes related to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and identifies a signature associated with clinical response.

Massively parallel reporter assays across five cell types identify thousands of causal, noncoding regulatory variants among 220,000 loci, revealing diverse regulatory mechanisms shaping complex traits and disease.

The on-surface synthesis of π-conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enables the realization of designer quantum nanomaterials. Orbital-phase frustration within an aza-triangulene COF-based kagome lattice is reported to give rise to non-trivial flat bands.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

The activity of the membrane-bound enzyme pMMO depends on copper but the location of the copper centers is still under debate. Here, the authors reconstitute pMMO in nanodiscs and use native top-down MS to localize its copper centers, providing insights into which sites are essential for activity.

In the early stages of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development, loss of ALDH1L2 expression elevates reactive oxygen species levels, driving accelerated acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Decreased ALDH1L2 expression is accompanied by formate overflow, which can be used to monitor PDAC progression.

Evo 2 is an artificial intelligence-based biological foundation model trained on 9 trillion DNA base pairs spanning all domains of life that predicts functional properties from genomic sequences and provides a rich generative model for researchers in biology.

Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries are limited by slow ion movement in cathodes. Here the authors show that introducing solvent molecules into layered cathodes improves ion transport and reaction kinetics, enabling fast-charging batteries with stable long-term performance.

Wang et al. show that promyelocytic leukaemia protein (PML) reduces polyG inclusions via chaperone-mediated disaggregation and proteasome-dependent degradation. This suggests a possible role for PML in various neurodegenerative diseases.

The ~200-Myr-old star TOI-2076 hosts a young four-planet system, the orbits and atmospheres of which are still evolving, showing signs of early dynamical reshaping and atmospheric sculpting and offering a rare glimpse of how planetary systems form and transform in their youth.

In a randomized trial enrolling 354 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia on maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy, treatment with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor obicetrapib was well tolerated and significantly lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 36.3% as compared to placebo.

Liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy is used to investigate the network structure of cellulosic gels. The formation of nano- and microscale fibrillar bundles is observed, providing insight into structure–property relationships in hydrogels.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Analysis of clinical trial data suggests that CDK4/6 inhibitors prevent the expansion of TP53-mutant clones in the blood, potentially mitigating the risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms in patients treated with cytotoxic drugs.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Insights into regulatory T cell biology are accelerating therapeutic innovation in cancer immunotherapy, autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection.

A 4D imaging architecture using a large-scale, coherent LiDAR focal plane array comprising more than 0.6 million photonic components and associated electronics integrated on-chip can obtain coherent images at high frame rates over useful distances.

Rising electricity and freshwater needs limit conventional hydrogen production. Here, the authors report a self-sufficient, electricity-free system that harvests atmospheric moisture to produce green hydrogen, offering a scalable and sustainable path to alleviate global green-hydrogen scarcity.

In a randomized experiment in Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA, lower-income individuals who received cash transfers reduced calorie deficits and increased consumption of nutrient-dense, higher-cost foods. Their findings highlight the critical role that income support may have in a high-income country to reduce hunger.

Global Burden of Disease estimates show that between 1990 and 2023, the prevalence and burden of drug use disorders, inclusive of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine and opioid use, have been increasing in high-income countries, particularly in the USA.

Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA translation was explored using Ribo-STAMP and single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal cell-type-specific and isoform-specific translation patterns across hippocampal neuronal and non-neuronal cell types, highlighting functional differences between CA1 and CA3.

DNA methylation heterogeneity and dynamics hinder distinguishing early pathological changes from normal variation. Here, the authors identify stable sites whose disruption is linked to blood cancers, aging, and cardiovascular risk.

Spatial targeting of HIV services may improve their effectiveness. Here, the authors use data on locations frequented by people who inject drugs in New Delhi, India to model different service prioritisation strategies.

Dynamic S–S bonds have been leveraged in a variety of applications. Now trisulfides have been found to undergo rapid and spontaneous S–S metathesis in polar aprotic solvents. A mechanistic investigation of this unusual reaction enabled applications in natural product modification, dynamic combinatorial library synthesis and chemically recyclable polymers.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

This study reports a maturation-dependent requirement for transferrin receptor -mediated iron uptake in pancreatic β-cells, whereby iron deficiency disrupts metabolic integrity and survival in developing cells but not in mature β-cells. The results show iron is a cue for β-cell maturation.

This study shows that contrail avoidance can recover 9% of the global temperature budget by 2050. For every year of delay, the recoverable warming will diminish by 0.6%. This makes inaction (not fuel penalties) the most significant climate risk associated with avoidance.

From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors introduce an unsupervised machine learning module capable of clustering high-dimensional blinking patterns and computing class-wise power spectral densities to probe active trap states. The approach offers advances in contemporary (micro)spectroscopy.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.