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Turning lignin into clean fuels is hard because catalysts struggle to balance hydrogenation and oxygen removal. This study builds Ru/RuO_x sites on carbon nanofibers that work together to boost hydrodeoxygenation and favor cycloalkanes.

The authors report that Ta-doped PbTiO₃ films with a p-i-n structure can generate a high photovoltaic current, offering the opportunity to advanced optoelectronic and imaging devices.

2D polarization-sensitive detectors are usually limited by a responsivity-speed-polarization ratio trade-off. Here, the authors report mid-infrared polarization photovoltage field-effect transistors based on black phosphorus/MoS₂ heterostructures, showing a polarization ratio of 510, polarization angle sensitivity of ~46.57 mA/(W·degree) and response times of ~0.8 μs under 3.5 μm illumination.

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) causes severe yield and quality loss in cereal crops worldwide. Here, the authors report a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel/Ca^2 + -permeable channel encoding protein negatively regulate PHS and its involvement in modulating of calcium and hormonal signaling pathways in wheat.

Here the authors show that microtubules guide the spatial distribution of cellulose synthase complexes in cotton fibers and produce a gradient of cellulose microfibrils that creates patterned cell wall mechanics that support tip-biased elongation.

Maintaining nanocatalysts under extreme heat is a major challenge due to structural disintegration. Pre-filling support vacancies creates a confinement field that anchors rhodium nanoparticles, preserving their integrity and activity during methane oxidation.

The authors present a multi-core neuromorphic architecture that enables energy‑efficient training of deep spiking neural networks via backpropagation. The design features a multi-engine core, multi-level parallelism, sparsity optimization, and FPGA validation.

Using artificial intelligence, authors model how air pollution may increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. NPC1 is identified via genetic and laboratory analyses as a key pathway that enhances viral entry after exposure to fine particulate matter.

Au nanowires with an unconventional hexagonal close-packed (4H) phase stabilize the 4H-phase high-entropy alloys grown epitaxially on their surface through a facile chemical synthesis. The resulting core–shell nanostructures demonstrate promising overall water electrolysis performance.

Controlling plant metabolism to improve growth and disease resistance has huge potential. Here, the authors find a conserved pathway which promotes antiviral resistance and promotes plant growth and develop polyglutamate-loaded chitosan nanogels to manipulate this pathway.

The weak contact between the oxide electrode and molecular layer in inverted perovskite solar cells is prone to deformation, limiting long-term device stability. A bulk nano-heterointerface is designed to strengthen the binding force between molecules and spherical silicon oxide nanoparticles, increasing the interfacial contact area and improving the operational stability of perovskite solar cells.

Divergent white matter metabolic patterns reveal a mechanistic basis for cognitive resilience and enhance prediction of future cognitive decline beyond established aging and dementia biomarkers.

Cu catalysts show promise for converting CO₂ into valuable products, but achieving high selectivity and long-term stability remains challenging. Here, modifying Cu cubes with a nitrogen-rich organic network enables a Faradaic Efficiency of 71.2% for C₂H₄ production with greatly enhanced durability.

The residual methylammonium cation from additives compromises the operational stability of formamidinium lead iodide-based solar cells under thermal/light stress. Here, authors introduce MASCN to enhance film formation in ethyl acetate antisolvent and achieve efficiency of 26.1% for stable devices.

Developing earth-abundant catalysts for the chlorine evolution reaction is vital for a sustainable chlor-alkali industry. Here, the authors report a cerium modified cobalt oxide where cerium induces active site transfer from oxygen to cobalt atoms, achieving high activity and long-term stability.

A bioelectronic device incorporating triphylite (LiFePO₄) as electrode is used for lithium-ion-specific inhibition of peripheral and central nervous system activities in rats and in mice.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are linked to dyslipidemia, but why individuals respond differently is unclear. Here, the authors use a national biomonitoring cohort to reveal how specific genetic variants interact with PBDE exposure to increase risk, identifying a key mechanism that disrupts cholesterol metabolism.

Xiang, Wang, Tian et al. report that during nutrient insufficiency, inflammatory cytokines promote a ZBTB5-mediated mechanism to activate mTORC1 signalling, thereby enhancing amino acid uptake in tumour cells and restricting antitumour immune response.

Single-atom catalysts promise efficient reactions, but readily aggregate at high temperatures, limiting durability. Confining single metal atoms in liquid metal stabilizes them, enabling long-lasting ethane dehydrogenation at high temperature.

This study from Wei-Guang Li, Tian-Le Xu and colleagues shows that neuropeptide Y released by specific hippocampal inhibitory neurons can switch fear memories into extinction memories by acting on two distinct receptor-defined neuron populations.

Microbially derived 10-oxostearic acid (10-oxoSA) interacts with PPARα in the colon to alleviate gut inflammation in acute and chronic mice models.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Hierarchical porous catalysts can promote industrial chemistry by running reactions in sequence at different sites. This study traps Ru, Cu–Ru and Au–Ru in large, medium and tiny pores to boost vinyl chloride production and long-term stability.

Robustness checks and reproduction of analyses with existing and updated data based on 110 articles in economics and political science journals with data and code-sharing requirements found high levels of robustness and reproducibility and determined that robustness was not dependent on author characteristics or data availability.

A new optical imaging study demonstrates that norepinephrine and the state of arousal influence hemodynamic correlations across cerebral cortex, calling for a conceptual shift in interpreting functional magnetic resonance imaging data.

The efficiency of perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ tandem solar cells is limited by halide segregation in the perovskite layer. Zhang et al. use 2-pyrrolidinone to slow the crystallization of halide intermediates, ensuring a homogeneous distribution and achieving a power conversion efficiency of 27.3%.

The total sediment flux from land to the ocean across the pan-Arctic has risen by 15% since 1980, driven by greater river discharge, intensified thermokarst disturbances and wildfire activity, according to machine learning and satellite-based reconstructions of suspended sediment dynamics in 4,331 river reaches.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.

Halide perovskites are promising optoelectronic materials, but their synthesis relies on coordinating solvents or molecules. Now a solvent-in-salt method is demonstrated for synthesizing lead halide perovskites. The method features enhanced environmental friendliness and safety and improves perovskite crystal quality.

Transcriptional crosstalk between inflammation and energy metabolism within cardiomyocytes remains unclear. Here, the authors identify IRF3/PGC-1α as a bidirectional transcriptional nexus between IFN response and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes altering cardiac function.

Zhang, Han, Tan, Lu, Ma et al. report that kynurenine derived from peritumoural adipose tissue is hijacked by cancer cells to mediate ferroptosis resistance, a process that could potentially be targeted with immunotherapy to inhibit tumour growth.

Sequence Display maps protein variant activities to a sequencing-based readout.

Reconfigurable chip-to-free-space interfaces based on thin-film lithium niobate microrings generate on-demand nonlinear structured light, including tunable optical vortices, optical skyrmions and spatiotemporal vortex pulses.

A new architecture based on high-valence sulfur/sulfur tetrachloride cathode chemistry is described for manufacturing high-voltage anode-free sodium–sulfur batteries, demonstrating promise for applications in grid energy storage and wearable electronics.

Pangenome analyses of 28 representative Gossypium hirsutum accessions, including a telomere-to-telomere genome for NDM13, and transcriptomic profiling across 15 tissues highlight structural variations associated with breeding traits.

Psychedelics and their non-hallucinogenic analogues were compared, revealing that serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT_2AR)-mediated G_i signalling is essential for hallucinogenic effect, with the functional mechanisms underlying this providing insights for designing therapeutic drugs without hallucinogenic effects.

A clinical trial testing whether monitoring ctDNA clearance during treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer could be used to inform decisions about an individual’s subsequent therapeutic programme shows promising results.

Northern Tibetan Plateau uplift and global cooling drove synchronous monsoon intensification and turnover of Asian mammal communities at ~8.7 Ma, according to Asian monsoon reconstructions and mammalian fossil records plus model simulations.

Daily satellite data reveal that Earth’s artificial lights at night are highly volatile, with frequent brightening and dimming between 2014 and 2022.

A new method for performing genome-wide fine-mapping with functional annotations outperforms current methods across several metrics, including error control, mapping power, resolution, precision, replication rate and cross-ancestry phenotype prediction.

Ultra-thin active layers for semi-transparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) are limited in cell-to-module efficiency. Here, the authors show thickness tolerance for ST-OSCs using aggregation control of acceptor in donor-diluted blends and the feasibility of building-integrated photovoltaics via a 600 cm² module.

Gas diffusion electrodes enable electrochemical H₂O₂ production, but fused binders and disordered pores restrict mass transport. Here, the authors report a non-fused gradient catalyst layer that supports directional self-transport and stable high efficiency at industrial current densities.

A new self-assembled monolayer at the buried interface of inverted perovskite solar cells improves photostability and favours energy transfer, resulting in devices with a certified power conversion efficiency of 27.19% and 1,500-h stability under the ISOS-L-2 protocol.

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) threatens global human and animal health. Here, the authors identify two key functional enzymes in a bacterium that initiate the complete degradation of DON to CO2, elucidating their core catalytic mechanisms and biotechnological application potential.

Selective CO₂ hydrogenation to C₂₊ oxygenates is difficult due to competing pathways. A tandem GaZrO_x–MOR system enables efficient acetic acid and methyl acetate synthesis, using hydrophobic modification to enhance stability and water resistance.

The instability and sluggish kinetics of conventional Cu single-atom catalysts inhibit their industrial deployment in CO₂-to-methane conversion. Here, the authors propose a d-orbital engineering strategy to construct localized Cu sites, achieving stable industrial-level electrocatalytic methanation.

Subduction-driven warming and uplift are linked to the Cambrian Explosion, and Li-Os-Sr isotopes trace enhanced erosion of phosphorus-rich juvenile rocks that boosted productivity and oxygen levels to fuel animal diversification.

Bioresorbable piezoelectric materials are key for bioelectronic–tissue integration but remain challenging to realize. Here, the authors develop flexible Rochelle salt/PLLA nanofibers that enable effective nerve regeneration and wireless monitoring of intestinal motility.