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It was shown that early-day stem cell infusions reduced the severity of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Our result suggested early morning cord blood transplantation reduces aGVHD severity and correlated with circadian sCD26 fluctuations.

The authors present a compact aerial robot combining flight and grasping for tasks like perching, transport, and collaboration. Outdoor tests confirm its potential for delivery and manipulation in complex environments.

Enhancing the carrier mobility of graphene can enable the investigation of its fundamental properties and promote device applications. Here, the authors report the fabrication of double-layer graphene devices with a quantum mobility up to 10⁷ cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹ and integer quantum Hall features at magnetic fields as low as 0.002 T.

B7H3 is an immune checkpoint overexpressed in many cancers and associated with tumor immune evasion. Here, the authors discover that in colorectal cancer, particularly microsatellite-stable tumors, palmitic acid promotes ZDHHC24- mediated B7H3 palmitoylation, regulating CD8⁺ T cell antitumor activity.

In this work, Wu et al. develop and present PolyCLOVER, a framework that integrates multi-stage learning, active learning, and high-throughput experimentation to iteratively discover potent, low-toxicity polymeric antibiotics without relying on external labelled data.

In the phase III NAPOLI-3 trial, first-line treatment with NALIRIFOX was associated with improved overall survival compared to gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Here the authors report the results of a randomized phase II trial comparing the two regimens, NALIRIFOX versus Gemcitabine plus Nab-Paclitaxel, in Chinese patients.

Chen et al. report a tailored self-assembled monolayer to create a localized 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction. This strategy reduces interfacial loss, achieving photovoltages >90% of thermodynamic limit for wide-bandgap cells, and enables perovskite-organic tandem solar cells with efficiency of 27.11%.

In patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC), resistance to the standard-of-care induction chemotherapy often occurs. Here, using longitudinal single-cell transcriptomic profiling of HPSCC samples from patients receiving induction chemotherapy, the authors identify a ZNF683-high natural killer (NK) cell population as a predictor of chemotherapy response.

The authors design a Pt/CuInP₂S₆/graphene heterostructure that achieves polarity-switchable photovoltaic current modulated by ferroelectric polarization. This enables programmable in-sensor computing, achieving high-performance visual tasks.

Wolbachia affects host reproduction and nutrition, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study suggests Wolbachia enhances ovarian development in Laodelphax striatellus via riboflavin synthesis, driving ATP production and ovarian maturation.

The spatial organisation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) can affect immune responses that control tumour growth. Here, the authors use single-cell transcriptomics and spatial transcriptomics to identify a lymphocyte aggregated region (LAR) in gastric cancer and compare its cellular and molecular composition with the neighbouring TME.

Transesterification reactions are essential in organic chemistry, however, performing these reactions in aqueous media is challenging due to the competing hydrolysis reaction. Here, the authors report a mutant of alcohol oxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium (PcAOx-VPN) that exhibits no hydrolytic activity, enabling transesterification reactions in water.

In Eastern Asia, vegetation greening, especially in perennial drylands, has increasingly reduced dust emissions since the early 2000s, with effects amplified over long timescales, underscoring the mitigating capacity of land-surface change for multi-decadal dust trends.

This study shows that WDR5 remodels NANOG condensates to control transcriptional programs. Disrupting their interaction compromises stem cell identity and suppresses leukemia stem cell expansion.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

This study demonstrates that the reduced serum serine in patients with chemotherapy or women with poor sleep, is linked to the decline of ovarian function. Serine supplementation prevented ovarian damage in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis in ovarian granulosa cells, without affecting chemotherapy efficacy.

The electron-phonon coupling in organic semiconductors is key to improving performance for devices. Here, the authors show that modulating the penetrated donor-acceptor interface with low electron-phonon coupling, reduces non-radiative voltage loss for high-performance organic solar cell devices.

Biomass DNA has potential in sustainable materials, but scalable production of robust DNA materials is challenging. Here, the authors report the development of a fast shrinking induced entanglement strategy for the preparation of rubber-like hydrogels composed entirely of DNA.

Detecting the chirality of molecules is important in optics, biomedicine, and materials science, but the molecular chiroptical signals are typically weak in conventional circular dichroism. Here, the authors demonstrate strong chiroptical responses that reflect the molecular chirality in a single chiral nanoassembly synthesized from L/D-cystines.

While EGFR mutations are drivers of cancer, the function of extracellular domain mutations remains poorly defined. Here, the authors show that the R252C extracellular mutation induces conformational change of EGFR to directly activate ERK and promote cancer growth, which can be targeted by afatinib.

Japonica subspecies has a lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of indica rice. Here, the authors show that natural variations in the NIN-like protein 4 (OsNLP4) encoding gene are responsible for the divergence and introgression of the indica OsNLP4 allele into elite japonica cultivar can increase NUE and grain yield.

AP-4 assembles non-clathrin coats for membrane trafficking. Here, authors present the structures of AP-4 and the AP-4/ARF1 complex, revealing its dynamic conformations essential for synergistic engagement of ARF1 and cargoes for membrane recruitment.

Bioresorbable piezoelectric materials are key for bioelectronic–tissue integration but remain challenging to realize. Here, the authors develop flexible Rochelle salt/PLLA nanofibers that enable effective nerve regeneration and wireless monitoring of intestinal motility.

The development of sustainable water oxidation catalysts is crucial for hydrogen production, yet cobalt-based materials often suffer from instability. Here, the authors report that co-doping LiCoO₂ with nickel, iron, and palladium yields a durable electrode with stability of over 2,000 hours.

We introduce meta-amplified dark-field interferometric scattering microscopy, which uses a plasmonic metasurface to enhance sensitivity and contrast by converting nanoparticle-induced phase perturbations into strong far-field scattering signals.

Macrophages play an important role in repair and regeneration of damaged nerves in spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, Guo et al. investigate effects of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk on macrophage phenotype and develop a targeted nanorobot inhibiting the Ero1α/MAMs/mtCa²⁺ axis, promoting M2 polarization and neural repair as a therapeutic strategy to treat SCI.

Here they show that NONO collaborates with HOXA1 to modulate gene expression during early cardiomyocyte differentiation. This interaction facilitates activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, establishing the NONO-HOXA1-Wnt axis as a key mechanism in cardiac development.

Ma et al. report an organic cation engineering strategy to improve the luminescent properties and charge transport in organic-inorganic antimony halide films, enabling red LEDs with efficiency up to 19.4% and half-lifetime of 10,190 min. Large-area (12.15 cm²) LEDs show efficiency of 14.2%.

Large-effect variants in autism remain elusive. Here, the authors use long-read sequencing to assemble phased genomes for 189 individuals, identifying pathogenic variants in TBL1XR1, MECP2, and SYNGAP1, plus nine candidate structural variants missed by short-read methods.

Passive metasurfaces suffer from a complex balancing of their nonlinear efficiency, phase modulation capabilities and directionality. Here, authors propose a nonlocal meta-lens integrating Mie-type resonances with quasi-bound states in the continuum. Driven by the asymmetry of a low-index silica substrate, they realize directional response with a forward-to-backward ratio of up to 10 dB.

The extracellular matrix provides mechanical cues that guide tissue formation. Here, authors use enzyme-responsive peptide nanofibers that self-assemble between cells to generate mechanical forces, driving spheroid formation and creating tissue models to mimic human tumors and pancreatic islets.

For proper mitochondrial inheritance, paternal sperm mitochondria must be eliminated. Here, authors identify ALKB-1 mediated tRNA demethylation as essential for this clearance in Caenorhabditis elegans, revealing an epitranscriptomic quality checkpoint tied to male fertility.

Functional-group translocation allows modification of molecular architectures and functional group positions, but methodologies capable of achieving precise stereocontrol during such migrations are limited. Here, the authors present a photoenzymatic strategy for cyano translocation that achieves precise stereocontrol.

Biological system for stable object manipulation is facilitated by a unified tactile memory system. Here, GenForce enables transferable force sensing across diverse tactile sensors using a unified representation, enhancing robot manipulation through cross-sensor transfer and multi-sensor coordination.

Age-related inflammation is a key mediator of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that IL-36 agonists are systemic inflammatory factors released from aged skin to promote senescence in joint cells and aggravate OA progression.

Authors develop a superelastic, tellurium-based visual-tactile sensor for endoscopes. It enables simultaneous visual, thermal, and force sensing, successfully identifying inflamed tissues in live trials where visual data alone failed.

Self-amplifying RNA enables durable therapeutic expression, but its high immunogenicity and low-fidelity replication limit its use. Here, authors engineer a Norovirus-derived VPg-saRNA platform that achieves cap-independent, low-immunogenic and precise therapeutic protein expression in vivo.

Eukaryotic Fanzor proteins are compact and advantageous for delivery, but their activity remains limited. Here, the authors engineer an improved Fanzor2 system (evoMmeFz2) using structure-guided and AI-assisted strategies to enable efficient exon skipping in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model.

Liquid-liquid phase separation is a process of interest, but the dynamics are still not fully understood. Here, the authors use molecular dynamics to consider the role of mixing protocol in polyelectrolyte complex coacervation.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Astrocyte-to-neuron (AtN) conversion is limited by intrinsic barriers, hindering its efficiency. Here, the authors show that Olig2 acts as an inducible barrier to in vivo Ngn2-mediated AtN conversion, reducing reprogramming efficiency.

Recent studies have shown the potential of higher-order exceptional points originating from the Liouvillian dynamics as opposed to their Hamiltonian counterparts. Here, the authors explore different classes of third-order Liouvillian exceptional points in a two-level system realised in a single trapped ion.

Functional evolution expands the catalytic repertoire of biosynthetic enzymes. Here, the authors reveal that a tripartite enzyme complex has evolved to catalyze Friedel–Crafts acylation through neofunctionalization of a conserved thiolase architecture.

To overcome inefficient recycling of carbon fibre waste, the authors develop a rapid, commercially attractive solid-flames upcycling technique that converts waste fibres into graphene-grafted carbon fibres and graphene powders.

Lattice strain impacts battery cathode performance and cycle life. Here, authors visualize and quantify strain in layered oxides through electron backscatter diffraction imaging, revealing heterogeneous, cycle-dependent distortions that slow Li transport and limit capacity, with irreversible layer bending driving capacity fade.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Spin-crossover complexes are promising candidates for molecular bits owing to their magnetic bistability but engineering high-density bits is challenging due to cooperative switching dynamics. Here the authors modulate the cooperative dynamics of surface-confined spin-crossover complex chains.

Authors explore the hepatitis B vaccine program in China and found Beijing’s 30-year universal infant immunizations reduced incidence. Adolescent boosters may also have elevated antibody titers, contributing to a further decline in incidence rates.

The oxyhalogenation of methane to mono-halogenated products CH₃X (X = Cl, Br, or I) is among the most promising routes for methane utilization, yet current catalysts still suffer from limited product yields. Here, the authors report a CeO₂ nanorod catalyst with atomically dispersed Pd and Mn surface sites, which achieves highly efficient and selective methane oxychlorination.

Formamidinium lead iodide perovskite holds promise for high-efficiency solar cells, but the kinetic instability of its α-phase crystallization remains an issue. He et al. report a strategy for directing the crystallization process in a n-i-p architecture and champion power conversion efficiency of 26.18%.