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Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

MnBi₂Te₄ has an appealing combination of topological bands and magnetic ordering. While chemical doping with Sb can be used to tune these properties, it typically comes with an increase in defect density. Here, Chen, Wang, Li, Duan, and coauthors demonstrate a defect engineering approach that preserves the topological and magnetic properties of Mn(Bi_1-xSb_x)₂Te₄.

It remains to be seen if high-T_c superconductors rely on similar Fermi-surface instabilities as their BCS counterparts. Miao et al. study the high-T_c compound LiFe_1−xCo_xAs with high-resolution ARPES and find a robust gap with Co doping that suggests the order parameter is not tied to such instabilities.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

A transverse Peierls transition can occur when transverse acoustic phonons couple with conducting p-orbital electrons. Here, the authors observe an incommensurate transverse Peierls transition and signatures of a chiral charge density wave in EuAl₄.

Here, the authors develop an integrated mass spectrometry-based strategy that allows metabolic biomarker discovery based on nanoliter-scale biofluids in seconds. Biomarkers of diabetic cataracts are detected in trace ocular fluids with high diagnostic performance revealed to have and anti-cataract activity.

A mechano-intelligent transmission mechanism based on the slipknot delivers precise force signals for clinical practice and robotic operations such as minimally invasive surgery and tendon-driven robotics.

The nature of unconventional charge density wave in kagome metals is currently under intense debate. Here the authors report the coexistence of the 2 × 2 × 1 charge density wave in the kagome sublattice and the Sb 5p-electron assisted 2 × 2 × 2 charge density waves in CsV₃Sb₅.

Oxide memristors exhibit noise in excess of 2–4 orders of magnitude above the baseline at quantized conductance states. Here, the authors measure anomalous electrical noise at these states in tantalum oxide memristors and relate it to thermally-activated atomic fluctuations by numerical simulations.

The lack of reliable coating methods for amorphous zeolitic imidazolate framework (aZIF) materials hinders their development for applications such as photolithography and separation membranes. Supported by computational fluid dynamics modeling, the authors develop a spin-coating technique to deposit aZIF films from dilute precursors and demonstrate their wafer-scale use in advanced lithographic processes.

Typical quantum error correcting codes assign fixed roles to the underlying physical qubits. Now the performance benefits of alternative, dynamic error correction schemes have been demonstrated on a superconducting quantum processor.

The understanding of charge density wave (CDW) correlations in cuprate superconductors remains hampered due to the lack of scattering phase information. Here, Chen et al. discover a reproducible CDW domain memory effect upon repeated cycling to temperatures well above the CDW ordering temperature.

The interplay between magnetism and charge density wave in the kagome magnet FeGe is under debate. By using elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and first principles calculations, Miao et al. propose that the charge density wave is stabilized by spin-phonon coupling.

Finite momentum superconducting pairing refers to a class of unconventional superconducting states where Cooper pairs acquire a non-zero momentum. Here the authors report a new superconducting state in bulk 4Hb-TaS₂, where magnetic fields induce finite momentum pairing via magnetoelectric coupling.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

Tissue-specific mRNA or gene editing machinery delivery is achieved with lipid nanoparticles containing peptides with specific sequences, which tune the protein corona of the particles by mechanical optimization of peptide–protein binding affinities.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

This work assesses the enrichment and organification of tritium by algae and the transfer along the marine food chain, suggesting human health risks and highlighting the importance of radioactive isotope management.

Colour code on a superconducting qubit quantum processor is demonstrated, reporting above-breakeven performance and logical error scaling with increased code size by a factor of 1.56 moving from distance-3 to distance-5 code.

The selective cleavage of inert C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds and their subsequent functionalization is an important goal in synthetic organic chemistry. Here, the authors developed consecutive C–C bond cleavage from stable trisubstituted acids via photocatalysis and copper catalysis.

Authors use a high-entropy engineering approach to produce fully amorphous BiTO films by exfoliation and annealing, creating crystalline regions, leading to flexible ceramics with dielectric properties.

In a quantum simulation of a (2+1)D lattice gauge theory using a superconducting quantum processor, the dynamics of strings reveal the transition from deconfined to confined excitations as the effective electric field is increased.

Hydrogel materials have emerged as versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Here this group reports an mRNA lipid nanoparticle-incorporated microgel matrix for immune cell recruitment/antigen expression and presentation/cellular interaction thereby eliciting antitumor efficacy with a single dose.

A hybrid analogue–digital quantum simulator is used to demonstrate beyond-classical performance in benchmarking experiments and to study thermalization phenomena in an XY quantum magnet, including the breakdown of Kibble–Zurek scaling predictions and signatures of the Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition.

The LHCb experiment at CERN has observed significant asymmetries between the decay rates of the beauty baryon and its CP-conjugated antibaryon, thus demonstrating CP violation in baryon decays.

Activatable afterglow luminescence nanoprobes reduce unspecific signals and improve imaging fidelity, but their utility is limited by a requisition of donor-acceptor distance (>10 nm) in common biomarker-activatable designs. Here, the authors address this issue by developing organic afterglow luminescence cocktail nanoparticles for acid-activatable upconversion afterglow luminescence imaging.

Perovskite light emitting diodes suffer from operational stability, showing rapid decay of performance within minutes to hours after turn-on. Here, the authors investigate how the steric and Coulomb interaction of ammonium passivation molecules with varying alkyl chain length can improve device stability by suppressing iodide ion migration.

The joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, provides new constraints related to neutrino masses and fundamental symmetries.

This work proposes a wet-chemical etching assisted aberration-enhanced single-pulsed femtosecond laser nanolithography, named “WEALTH”, for manufacturing small-size, large-area, deep holey nanostructures, promising for emerging nanophotonic devices.

Camera trapping is a widely adopted method for monitoring terrestrial mammals. However, a drawback is the amount of human annotation needed to keep pace with continuous data collection. The authors developed a hybrid system of machine learning and humans in the loop, which minimizes annotation load and improves efficiency.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

An in situ X-ray nanodiffraction technique allows for the real-time study of the photoinduced chemical reaction to produce Ag from AgBr, and can spatially resolve structural changes at the submicrometre scale with a time resolution of 5 ms.

In 1972, Erich Clar envisioned Clar’s goblet, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon featuring two unpaired electrons that are spin-paired. However, synthesizing it in a solution phase remains challenging. Now a derivative of Clar’s goblet has been prepared in solution, and spin entanglement at the molecular scale has been demonstrated experimentally.

The ultrathin oxide nanosheets obtained through previous approaches usually exhibit amorphism or polycrystallinity, which limit their properties towards electronic devices. Here, the authors synthesize ultrathin antimony oxide single crystals with high dielectric constant (~100) and large breakdown voltage (~5.7 GV m⁻¹).

High-precision photoemission measurements determine that the superconducting pairing symmetry in KFe₂As₂ is the same as in other types of iron-based superconductors, despite having different features in the band structure.

Recently, superconductivity near 80 K was observed in La3Ni2O7 under high pressure, but the mechanism is debated. Here the authors report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements under ambient pressure, revealing flat bands with strong electronic correlations that could be linked to superconductivity.

While high-spin carbon-based polyradicals exhibit significant potential for applications in quantum information storage and sensing, their application is hampered by limited structural diversity and chemical instability. Here, the authors report the synthesis and isolation of a stable nonalternant nanographene with a triplet ground state.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

Valley dependent spin polarization called spin-valley locking appears in absence of magnetism but it is limited to rare examples of transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, the authors report evidence of spin-valley locking and stacked quantum Hall effect in a bulk Dirac semimetal BaMnSb₂.

Zhu and colleagues show that a subpopulation of spleen-derived fibroblasts secrete Gremlin 1, which suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia progression by inducing leukemia stem cell apoptosis through the BMP signaling pathway.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

By implementing random circuit sampling, experimental and theoretical results establish the existence of transitions to a stable, computationally complex phase that is reachable with current quantum processors.

CTCF, which is known to play critical role in chromatin structure, undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this research, O-GlcNAcylation was found to inhibit CTCF binding, impacting 3D chromatin structure, gene expression and cellular development.

Epigenetic variation is most strongly associated with genetic variation at the iPSC stage. That relationship weakens as epigenetic variation increases in differentiated cells.